<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[FUTOPIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[Futurismo para gente despierta: antropología, inteligencia artificial y negocios para pensar el mañana desde el presente y soñar con los ojos bien abiertos.]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LL2b!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c3a90e-7940-492d-b41b-6ae8f3718ad3_1280x1280.png</url><title>FUTOPIX</title><link>https://www.futopix.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2026 23:46:36 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.futopix.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Gabriel Bedoya]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[es]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[gabrielbedoya@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[gabrielbedoya@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[gabrielbedoya@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[gabrielbedoya@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[La Dictadura del Promedio | FUTOPIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[TOMA 56 | Cuando las M&#225;quinas Promedian, los Rebeldes Desentonamos]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/la-dictadura-del-promedio-futopix</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/la-dictadura-del-promedio-futopix</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2026 20:32:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SPIZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e64f509-1b92-479e-8d49-24a7e6c5a321_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SPIZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e64f509-1b92-479e-8d49-24a7e6c5a321_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SPIZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e64f509-1b92-479e-8d49-24a7e6c5a321_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SPIZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e64f509-1b92-479e-8d49-24a7e6c5a321_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SPIZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e64f509-1b92-479e-8d49-24a7e6c5a321_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SPIZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e64f509-1b92-479e-8d49-24a7e6c5a321_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SPIZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e64f509-1b92-479e-8d49-24a7e6c5a321_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SPIZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e64f509-1b92-479e-8d49-24a7e6c5a321_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SPIZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e64f509-1b92-479e-8d49-24a7e6c5a321_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SPIZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e64f509-1b92-479e-8d49-24a7e6c5a321_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h3><strong>El Loquito del Barrio</strong></h3><p>Ya no s&#233; cu&#225;ntas veces les he contado en FUTOPIX que no escribo estas palabras para nadie en particular. Nadie me las encarga, nadie me las patrocina, nadie me paga por ellas; no tengo <em>sponsors</em> ni cosas por el estilo. Escribo este <em>blog</em> porque es un ejercicio de pensamiento para m&#237;. Me gusta mucho hacerlo, porque es algo as&#237; como llevar mi cerebro al gimnasio.</p><p>Desde muy chico vi el mundo de una forma diferente a como lo ve&#237;an mis amigos, ya les he contado toda mi locura con el tema OVNI, alg&#250;n d&#237;a escribir&#233; m&#225;s de ello. Yo siempre iba en contrav&#237;a de todos y no lo hac&#237;a porque pensara que era m&#225;s inteligente que los dem&#225;s, ni porque me creyera genio o disruptivo. <strong>Hoy llamo ese comportamiento por su nombre: &#161;rebeld&#237;a!</strong></p><p>Esa rebeld&#237;a me cost&#243; amigos, relaciones familiares, muchos, much&#237;simos problemas con mi padre y demasiados tropeles con mis jefes. A menudo les recuerdo a mis hijos el costo que hay que pagar por ser distinto. <strong>Ojo: distinto, no diferente; ya hemos hablado en otros FUTOPIX de que diferente y distinto no son lo mismo.</strong> Por eso digo que ser distinto a veces tiene un costo tenaz. Es estar preparado, primero, para recibir todo el <em>bullying</em> del mundo, por ejemplo en la escuela, y luego grandes sobredosis de rechazo.</p><p>Yo era el pelao punkero-metalero en una familia ortodoxa convencional. Las ni&#241;as no me miraban, tuve mi primera novia en serio bien entrados los veintes, los pelaos bien del barrio me sacaban el cuerpo, porque nadie quer&#237;a andar con el gam&#237;n de la cuadra, y las se&#241;oras de <em>blower</em> intenso y peinado alto de color jugo de mora me escurr&#237;an el bulto por temor a que les fuera a robar la cartera.</p><p>De sardino (l&#233;ase <em>teenager</em>, para los que me leen desde otras geograf&#237;as) yo era un bicho raro que andaba con manes m&#225;s grandes que yo, rockeros de verdad, puros <em>green seals</em> del <em>heavy metal</em>, no casposos como los de ahora, que se creen malandros por saberse una canci&#243;n de Metallica. Como me dec&#237;a mi mam&#225;: &#171;&#161;Deja de andar la calle con esos peludos, que hasta &#8220;marihuaneros&#8221; ser&#225;n!&#187;. Yo con esas pintas recorr&#237; el barrio y visitaba pogos hasta bien entrada la madrugada. (Nota aclaratoria: no &#233;ramos marihuaneros, solo unos pelaos sollaos).</p><p>En esa &#233;poca no hab&#237;a <em>feed</em> de redes sociales. La m&#250;sica no la rot&#225;bamos de mano en mano, en casetes regrabados hasta veinte veces, con las car&#225;tulas fotocopiadas y los nombres de las canciones escritos con letra de colegio.</p><p>La vida avanz&#243;, nos volvimos universitarios, novios, luego maridos, padres, y lo mejor de todo es que el rock, la m&#250;sica de peludos, nunca nos dej&#243;, por lo menos a m&#237; no. Esa onda de mechudos se ha mantenido como la banda sonora de mi vida, una r&#233;mora amiga que me acompa&#241;a adondequiera que vaya. Hoy digo de forma jocosa que el pelo largo me crece hacia adentro, porque el peludo rockero est&#225; intacto. Por m&#225;s que el sistema me someti&#243; a la incomodidad del saco y las corbatas, al pelo corto y a comportarme de acuerdo con lo que recomienda el <em>statu quo</em>, la rebeld&#237;a siempre ha mantenido ah&#237;, escolt&#225;ndome, record&#225;ndome qui&#233;n soy y por qu&#233; estoy aqu&#237;.</p><p><strong>Hoy este FUTOPIX se trata de hacerles una invitaci&#243;n a mantener viva la rebeld&#237;a, justo en el momento de la historia en que es m&#225;s f&#225;cil perderla sin darnos cuenta.</strong></p><p>Para eso necesito volver a una explicaci&#243;n que les estoy debiendo. <strong>Diferente es escoger otro color del mismo men&#250;, distinto es salirse del men&#250;.</strong> El mundo que viene nos est&#225; ofreciendo infinitas maneras de ser diferentes: camisetas personalizadas, <em>playlists</em> a la medida, avatares de mil colores. Lo que nos va a costar cada vez m&#225;s es ser distintos. Desarrollemos el tema, para explorar qu&#233; nos traer&#225; el futuro y c&#243;mo vamos a sacar a pasear esa forma de decirle a todos los iguales que ser distinto nada tiene que ver con ser diferente.</p><p>Antes de arrancar, una confesi&#243;n, porque si no la hago yo ya, me la van a hacer algunos en los comentarios, en el chat o en las redes sociales. &#161;S&#237;&#237;&#237;&#237;&#237;&#237;&#237;! Yo uso inteligencia artificial todos los d&#237;as, ya pr&#225;cticamente no puedo trabajar sin ella. La uso para investigar, para ordenar ideas, para programar, para editar, para buscar fuentes, para producir im&#225;genes, etc. Hace unos meses les cont&#233; en <em>La espada y el compa&#241;ero</em> que Claude Code hab&#237;a sido para m&#237; el punto de inflexi&#243;n en mi vida, y hoy lo sostengo de frente.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJFg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb71839e2-fc1e-44a1-bc7c-8cb9487a3436_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJFg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb71839e2-fc1e-44a1-bc7c-8cb9487a3436_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJFg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb71839e2-fc1e-44a1-bc7c-8cb9487a3436_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJFg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb71839e2-fc1e-44a1-bc7c-8cb9487a3436_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJFg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb71839e2-fc1e-44a1-bc7c-8cb9487a3436_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJFg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb71839e2-fc1e-44a1-bc7c-8cb9487a3436_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJFg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb71839e2-fc1e-44a1-bc7c-8cb9487a3436_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJFg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb71839e2-fc1e-44a1-bc7c-8cb9487a3436_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJFg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb71839e2-fc1e-44a1-bc7c-8cb9487a3436_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJFg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb71839e2-fc1e-44a1-bc7c-8cb9487a3436_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong> </strong><em><strong>The Disruption</strong></em><strong>, Antes de que la Promediaran</strong></h2><p>En uno de los momentos m&#225;s interesantes de la vida, llegu&#233; a trabajar como <em>planner</em> en la reconocida red publicitaria TBWA. Les confieso de coraz&#243;n que la oportunidad de entrar en esta red me cay&#243; como anillo al dedo, porque lo que aprend&#237; aqu&#237; me ayud&#243; a continuar forjando el pensamiento rebelde y cambi&#243; mi forma de ver el mundo para siempre. Como dec&#237;a S&#233;neca, citando a Cleantes: &#171;El destino gu&#237;a al que lo acepta y arrastra al que se resiste&#187; (<em>Ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt</em>). En mi caso personal el destino me llev&#243; directo a la fuente. Por eso quiero traerles el siguiente contexto hist&#243;rico para que sepan de qu&#233; les estoy hablando.</p><p>El 1 de mayo de 1992, los lectores del <em>Wall Street Journal</em>, del <em>Frankfurter Allgemeine</em> y de <em>Le Figaro</em> se encontraron con un aviso de una p&#225;gina entera que no estaba vendiendo ni carros ni perfumes. Vend&#237;a una concepto: <em>Disruption</em>. Detr&#225;s de este estaba un publicista franc&#233;s conocido como Jean-Marie Dru, director de la agencia BDDP y a&#241;os despu&#233;s presidente de TBWA.</p><p>Hasta hoy en d&#237;a, la palabra <em>disruption</em> es bastante fea, tanto en ingl&#233;s como en espa&#241;ol (disrupci&#243;n). Enti&#233;ndase como interrupci&#243;n, desorden, detenci&#243;n, partici&#243;n. Lo bonito de la historia es que J. M. Dru le dio la vuelta, le concedi&#243; un sentido positivo y, como buen franc&#233;s con un olfato comercial de perro sabueso, la registr&#243; como marca en m&#225;s de doce pa&#237;ses. Cuatro a&#241;os despu&#233;s la convirti&#243; en libro: <em>Disruption: Overturning Conventions and Shaking Up the Marketplace</em> (1996). Se los recomiendo, obligatorio para quien quiera entrar en el mundo del mercado y de las comunicaciones comerciales, como dir&#237;an los gringos, &#171;<em>a must-have</em>&#187;.</p><p>Me atrevo a pensar, y esto lo digo sin ninguna prueba ni evidencia, que J. M. Dru pudo haberse inspirado en otro capo de la estrategia, Kenichi Ohmae, porque <em>Disruption book</em> y <em>La mente del estratega</em> tienen sus paralelismos.</p><p>La idea central de Dru es muy sencilla y, para mi gusto, muy antropol&#243;gica. <strong>Toda categor&#237;a vive de convenciones: cosas que todo el mundo hace porque todo el mundo las hace.</strong> Los bancos hablan con voz de notario diciendo que est&#225;n para ayudarte, que son tu mejor amigo, los carros se anuncian en carreteras vac&#237;as, los perfumes se venden con gente semidesnuda mirando al horizonte.</p><p>El m&#233;todo de Dru tiene tres grandes componentes: <strong>identificar la convenci&#243;n, imaginar una visi&#243;n de hacia d&#243;nde podr&#237;a ir una marca y hallar la disrupci&#243;n, que es el salto que rompe la convenci&#243;n.</strong> Ojo con el matiz: <strong>no es romper por romper, es romper con direcci&#243;n.</strong> (Pocos a&#241;os despu&#233;s, Clayton Christensen, desde Harvard, populariz&#243; la <em>disruptive innovation</em>, que es otra cosa: el reci&#233;n llegado que entra por abajo del mercado y se va comiendo a los grandes. Muchos los confunden; a pesar de las similitudes, no son lo mismo).</p><p>Ahora f&#237;jense en esto, lo que J. M. Dru llama &#171;convenci&#243;n&#187;, un estad&#237;stico podr&#237;a llamarlo &#171;el promedio de la categor&#237;a&#187;. Lo que me deja cabez&#243;n al respecto es que <strong>acabamos de construir la m&#225;quina m&#225;s eficiente de la historia para producir convenciones.</strong> No es sino que le preguntemos a cualquier IA c&#243;mo se escribe un correo de ventas, c&#243;mo se dise&#241;a un logo para una <em>fintech</em> o c&#243;mo arranca una charla motivacional, y nos va a devolver, de manera impecable, la convenci&#243;n.</p><p>Aqu&#237; vienen m&#225;s iron&#237;as, yo no conozco palabra m&#225;s gastada que innovaci&#243;n y disrupci&#243;n. Muy a mi disgusto y despu&#233;s de sumergirme en la metodolog&#237;a y los libros de J. M. Dru, puedo dar fe de que el concepto <em>disruption</em> ha sido promediado. No hay <em>pitch deck</em>, perfil de LinkedIn ni rueda de prensa de <em>startup</em> alguna que no se declare &#171;disruptivo&#187;. <strong>El concepto que naci&#243; para romper convencionalismos se convirti&#243; en la convenci&#243;n m&#225;s repetida del mundo de los negocios.</strong> Por eso, al comienzo de esta Toma, les dec&#237;a que yo nunca me he sentido disruptivo: lo m&#237;o tiene un nombre m&#225;s viejo, m&#225;s callejero. <strong>Mi rebeld&#237;a fue disrupci&#243;n antes de que le pusieran al concepto el logo de marca registrada.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>La Mandolina</strong></h3><p>A finales de 1956 en la Ciudad de M&#233;xico, un muchacho de Medell&#237;n de apenas veinticuatro a&#241;os, alumno de la Academia de San Fernando en Madrid, estaba dibujando una mandolina. En alg&#250;n momento, tal vez por error, le traza la abertura a la caja de resonancia del instrumento demasiado peque&#241;a, pasando algo raro. El instrumento, de repente, se infla. El contraste entre el contorno generoso y ese huequito diminuto hace que la mandolina parezca enorme, monumental, como si ocupara m&#225;s espacio del que le corresponde en el mundo, ese fue el d&#237;a en que naci&#243; el estilo de Botero.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKIM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4a57cee-deb7-4fc6-951b-08c883f3a155_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKIM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4a57cee-deb7-4fc6-951b-08c883f3a155_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKIM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4a57cee-deb7-4fc6-951b-08c883f3a155_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKIM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4a57cee-deb7-4fc6-951b-08c883f3a155_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKIM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4a57cee-deb7-4fc6-951b-08c883f3a155_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKIM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4a57cee-deb7-4fc6-951b-08c883f3a155_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKIM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4a57cee-deb7-4fc6-951b-08c883f3a155_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKIM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4a57cee-deb7-4fc6-951b-08c883f3a155_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKIM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4a57cee-deb7-4fc6-951b-08c883f3a155_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKIM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4a57cee-deb7-4fc6-951b-08c883f3a155_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Deteng&#225;monos ah&#237; por unos instantes para analizar que el estilo de uno de los pintores m&#225;s reconocidos de Am&#233;rica Latina naci&#243; de un error de proporciones, de una desviaci&#243;n de lo &#171;correcto&#187;. A&#241;os despu&#233;s, el maestro Botero repetir&#237;a hasta el cansancio que &#233;l no pintaba gordas, que lo suyo era el volumen. Yo dir&#237;a algo m&#225;s, <strong>Botero pintaba contra el promedio.</strong></p><p>Ahora les voy a cambiar de tercio con otra historia, y para ser honesto con ustedes, tengo que empezar defendiendo al enemigo, porque a veces el promedio no es un villano, a veces se viste de h&#233;roe.</p><p>La siguiente historia es un cl&#225;sico de la antropolog&#237;a, en 1907, un primo de Charles Darwin llamado Francis Galton (estad&#237;stico brillante, fundador de la eugenesia, que no es cualquier laga&#241;a de mico) public&#243; en la revista <em>Nature</em> un art&#237;culo titulado &#171;Vox Populi&#187;. En el documento Galton rese&#241;aba que en una feria de ganado en la ciudad de Plymouth, Inglaterra, la gente pagaba seis peniques por adivinar cu&#225;nto pesar&#237;a un buey una vez sacrificado y arreglado. Para matar la curiosidad del porqu&#233; la gente hac&#237;a esto, Galton recogi&#243; 787 papeletas de las apuestas, hizo sus cuentas y encontr&#243; algo que lo dej&#243; pensativo: la <em>mediana</em> de las apuestas fue que el animal pesar&#237;a 1.207 libras, y el buey pes&#243; 1.198, la multitud se equivoc&#243; por menos del uno por ciento.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7wQr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774f782c-82ee-4618-9471-0b68fd064c05_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7wQr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774f782c-82ee-4618-9471-0b68fd064c05_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7wQr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774f782c-82ee-4618-9471-0b68fd064c05_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7wQr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774f782c-82ee-4618-9471-0b68fd064c05_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7wQr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774f782c-82ee-4618-9471-0b68fd064c05_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7wQr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774f782c-82ee-4618-9471-0b68fd064c05_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7wQr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774f782c-82ee-4618-9471-0b68fd064c05_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7wQr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774f782c-82ee-4618-9471-0b68fd064c05_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7wQr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774f782c-82ee-4618-9471-0b68fd064c05_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7wQr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774f782c-82ee-4618-9471-0b68fd064c05_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Carniceros, granjeros, curiosos, cada uno con su sesgo, su experiencia y su oj&#237;metro. Sin embargo, juntos, casi perfectos. As&#237; que concedo el punto sin pelear: la dictadura del promedio funciona. Pero ojo con la letra menuda, porque ah&#237; est&#225; el meollo del asunto. El promedio funcion&#243; porque cada persona escribi&#243; su n&#250;mero solito, en su papelito, sin ver lo que hab&#237;a escrito el vecino. <strong>Funcion&#243; porque las opiniones eran diversas e independientes. La sabidur&#237;a no estaba en el promedio; estaba en la diversidad que el promedio resum&#237;a.</strong></p><p>Hoy los voy a poner a pensar un poquito m&#225;s que de costumbre porque les voy a fragmentar las historias, como en los <em>realities</em> cuando se demoran para declarar al ganador del concurso, y el ganador es&#8230;</p><h4>El Piloto que no Exist&#237;a</h4><p>En esta Toma se me va a ir la mano en gallina, porque les voy a traer m&#225;s historias de lo normal para poder desarrollar la idea central. Entonces, con el permiso de todos, me voy a despachar con otro relato de historias militares. A finales de la d&#233;cada de 1940 la Fuerza A&#233;rea de los Estados Unidos ten&#237;a un problema que no lograba explicar: los pilotos estaban perdiendo el control de los aviones por un problema en las cabinas, estas las hab&#237;an dise&#241;ado en 1926 con base en las medidas ergon&#243;micas del promedio de los pilotos de la &#233;poca, por lo que alguien pens&#243; que quiz&#225;s los cuerpos de los aviadores hab&#237;an cambiado.</p><p>Entonces, en 1950, en la base Wright, en Ohio, se dieron a la tarea de medir 4.063 pilotos, en un claro ejercicio de <em>antropometr&#237;a</em>. Aqu&#237; entra en escena un colega: Gilbert S. Daniels, un muchacho de veintitr&#233;s a&#241;os reci&#233;n graduado en antropolog&#237;a f&#237;sica de la Universidad de Harvard. Daniels tom&#243; las diez dimensiones m&#225;s relevantes para dise&#241;ar una cabina y defini&#243; &#171;promedio&#187; con bastante generosidad, luego cont&#243; cu&#225;ntos pilotos ca&#237;an en ese rango de las diez medidas, la respuesta fue: <strong>cero, &#161;plop!, ni uno solo de los 4.063.</strong></p><p>Si uno miraba apenas tres dimensiones, menos del 3,5 % pasaba la prueba, el piloto promedio, para quien se hab&#237;an dise&#241;ado todas las cabinas, simplemente no exist&#237;a. Todd Rose, de Harvard, cuenta esta historia en su libro <em>The End of Average</em> y saca la conclusi&#243;n que nos interesa para este FUTOPIX&#8230; <strong>cuando uno dise&#241;a para el promedio, est&#225; dise&#241;ando para nadie.</strong> Cada uno de nosotros tiene un perfil disparejo, somos m&#225;s grandes en unas cosas y m&#225;s chiquitos en otras, <strong>eso no es un defecto del dise&#241;o humano: es el dise&#241;o humano</strong>, por eso me gusta tanto hablar de dise&#241;o centrado en el humano (<em>Human-Centered Design</em> - HCD).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUN_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F697519da-b622-46ba-9b37-fef27f1abab9_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUN_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F697519da-b622-46ba-9b37-fef27f1abab9_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUN_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F697519da-b622-46ba-9b37-fef27f1abab9_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUN_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F697519da-b622-46ba-9b37-fef27f1abab9_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUN_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F697519da-b622-46ba-9b37-fef27f1abab9_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUN_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F697519da-b622-46ba-9b37-fef27f1abab9_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUN_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F697519da-b622-46ba-9b37-fef27f1abab9_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUN_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F697519da-b622-46ba-9b37-fef27f1abab9_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MUN_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F697519da-b622-46ba-9b37-fef27f1abab9_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Pero ojo que aqu&#237; es donde est&#225; la trampa. En 1990, Judith Langlois y Lori Roggman hicieron el ejercicio de tomar fotos de rostros humanos, los promediaron digitalmente, y descubrieron que la gente calificaba esas caras promedio como m&#225;s atractivas que casi todas las caras reales que las compon&#237;an. (El m&#233;todo de ellas ha sido criticado, pero el hallazgo general se volvi&#243; cl&#225;sico). <strong>El promedio no se siente como una prisi&#243;n, se siente bonito, se siente c&#243;modo, se siente correcto.</strong></p><p>Con la IA pasa algo parecido, lo que voy a relatarles sucede much&#237;simo, y lo entenderemos inmediatamente quienes editamos nuestros textos con la asistencia de IA. En 2024, Anil Doshi y Oliver Hauser publicaron en <em>Science Advances</em> un experimento en el que unas personas escrib&#237;an cuentos cortos con ayuda de ideas generadas por IA. Los cuentos individuales salieron mejor calificados, m&#225;s novedosos, m&#225;s &#250;tiles. Pero cuando los miraron en conjunto, los cuentos asistidos por IA se parec&#237;an mucho entre s&#237;, las figuras literarias, las met&#225;foras, las cadencias, las conclusiones. <strong>Vistos de forma independiente, eran textos excepcionales, todos juntos se empobrec&#237;an entre s&#237;.</strong> Los autores lo llamaron, con toda raz&#243;n, un dilema social. Es por eso que yo le tengo prohibido a mi asistente de IA corregir mi estilo, mis malos chistes y hasta mis errores ortogr&#225;ficos, pero cr&#233;anme que no es f&#225;cil, la IA a veces hace lo que le da la gana.</p><p>Ah&#237; est&#225; el desaf&#237;o de la dictadura del promedio: <strong>no te obliga a nada, te mejora, pero te convierte en el promedio. La IA no nos volver&#225; brutos, como muchos dicen, nos volver&#225; parecidos.</strong> Ser parecidos es lo peor que nos podr&#225; pasar, porque nadie se da cuenta que ha perdido la <em>distintividad</em> hasta que se para frente al espejo de un mar de clones.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Cuando la multitud se mira al espejo</h2><p>&#191;Se acuerdan que les dej&#233; bailando la historia del buey de Galton? En el 2011, un grupo de investigadores de la ETH de Z&#250;rich, liderados por man llamado Jan Lorenz, hizo la prueba que le faltaba a Galton.</p><p>Le pidieron a varios grupos estimar cantidades y, en algunos casos, les dejaron ver lo que estaban respondiendo los dem&#225;s. El resultado del experimento fue publicado en <em>PNAS</em>, y es como para enmarcar: <strong>basta una influencia social leve para que la diversidad de las respuestas se reduzca, sin que la precisi&#243;n del grupo mejore.</strong> Lo m&#225;s inquietante de todo es que la gente terminaba m&#225;s segura de s&#237; misma. <strong>Menos diversos, igual de equivocados y m&#225;s confiados.</strong> Si eso no describe un d&#237;a cualquiera en las redes sociales, no s&#233; qu&#233; lo describir&#225;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ5Z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57a10287-1ef8-4663-84b8-51f0f8aaec31_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ5Z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57a10287-1ef8-4663-84b8-51f0f8aaec31_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ5Z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57a10287-1ef8-4663-84b8-51f0f8aaec31_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ5Z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57a10287-1ef8-4663-84b8-51f0f8aaec31_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ5Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57a10287-1ef8-4663-84b8-51f0f8aaec31_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ5Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57a10287-1ef8-4663-84b8-51f0f8aaec31_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ5Z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57a10287-1ef8-4663-84b8-51f0f8aaec31_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ5Z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57a10287-1ef8-4663-84b8-51f0f8aaec31_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ5Z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57a10287-1ef8-4663-84b8-51f0f8aaec31_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ5Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57a10287-1ef8-4663-84b8-51f0f8aaec31_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Ya sabemos que la presi&#243;n del grupo pesa. En los famosos experimentos de Solomon Asch en los a&#241;os cincuenta, cerca del 75 % de los participantes se dejaron llevar por la mayor&#237;a al menos una vez, aun cuando la respuesta correcta estaba frente a sus ojos. Mucho antes, en 1835, Alexis de Tocqueville escrib&#237;a sobre los Estados Unidos: &#171;No conozco ning&#250;n pa&#237;s en el que haya tan poca verdadera independencia de pensamiento y libertad de discusi&#243;n como en Am&#233;rica&#187; (traducci&#243;n m&#237;a). Para Tocqueville, la tiran&#237;a de la mayor&#237;a no necesitaba cadenas: &#171;el cuerpo queda libre, y el alma es esclavizada&#187; (traducci&#243;n m&#237;a).</p><p>Lo nuevo es el mecanismo de inducci&#243;n. <strong>La vieja tiran&#237;a de las mayor&#237;as te castigaba despu&#233;s de que hablabas. La nueva tiran&#237;a no necesita castigarte: simplemente te muestra la respuesta primero.</strong> Mi pap&#225; me echaba un chiste que dec&#237;a&#8230; &#191;de qu&#233; color es el caballo blanco de Bol&#237;var? Por eso hoy antes de que uno piense qu&#233; opina de una pel&#237;cula, ya ha visto su puntaje. Antes de escribir un correo, el sistema ya te sugiere c&#243;mo terminarlo. Antes de buscar m&#250;sica, el <em>feed</em> ya decidi&#243; lo que te va a gustar, etc&#233;tera, etc.</p><p>Kyle Chayka lo documenta en <em>Filterworld</em> (2024), donde escribe que, aunque los algoritmos prometen personalizaci&#243;n, el resultado neto es una homogeneizaci&#243;n de la cultura. Ah&#237; est&#225;, por cierto, mi distinci&#243;n de arriba en versi&#243;n industrial: <strong>el algoritmo te vende diferencia y te cobra en distinci&#243;n.</strong> Chayka cuenta, por ejemplo, c&#243;mo muchos m&#250;sicos ahora ponen el gancho de la canci&#243;n justo al comienzo, porque el que no engancha en los primeros segundos se lo salta el <em>feed</em>. Para que no me acusen de echarle toda la culpa al algoritmo: un estudio publicado en <em>Scientific Reports</em> en 2012 por Joan Serr&#224; y sus colegas ya hab&#237;a encontrado que la m&#250;sica pop occidental se hab&#237;a vuelto m&#225;s homog&#233;nea en timbre y m&#225;s ruidosa entre 1955 y 2010, mucho antes de que existiera el <em>streaming</em> como lo conocemos. La tendencia es vieja, el algoritmo no la invent&#243;; simplemente la amplific&#243; y le meti&#243; un turbo.</p><div><hr></div><h2>La m&#225;quina de promediar</h2><p>Ahora s&#237;, hablemos de la m&#225;quina. Un LLM o <em>modelo de lenguaje</em> es, simplific&#225;ndolo mucho, un aparato que predice la palabra m&#225;s probable dada toda la escritura humana que se ha tragado. Lo m&#225;s probable es, por definici&#243;n, lo m&#225;s com&#250;n. Eso lo hace util&#237;simo y, al mismo tiempo, lo convierte en la herramienta de promediar m&#225;s poderosa que hemos construido.</p><p>Las <em>se&#241;ales d&#233;biles</em> ya est&#225;n ah&#237;. En un estudio de Cornell presentado en la conferencia CHI de 2025, 118 participantes de India y Estados Unidos escribieron con y sin sugerencias de un modelo de IA. Con las sugerencias, la escritura de los participantes indios se fue corriendo hacia estilos occidentales: sus referencias culturales, su manera de decir las cosas, se dilu&#237;an hacia el centro.</p><p>En 2025, Dmitry Kobak y sus colegas analizaron m&#225;s de 15 millones de res&#250;menes de art&#237;culos biom&#233;dicos y detectaron un exceso s&#250;bito de ciertas palabras de estilo, como &#171;<em>delves</em>&#187; (algo as&#237; como &#171;profundiza&#187;), que se dispararon en 2024. Su conclusi&#243;n: al menos el 13,5 % de los res&#250;menes de ese a&#241;o pasaron por un modelo de lenguaje. <strong>La ciencia, que deber&#237;a ser el reino de la precisi&#243;n, empez&#243; a sonar igual.</strong></p><p>Para aquellos que me preguntan qu&#233; hacemos los antrop&#243;logos, yo suelo responderles: <strong>Observar&#8230; no ver, ni mirar. Observar para encontrar las recurrencias y se&#241;ales d&#233;biles</strong>, por esto los textos escritos con IA se delatan tan f&#225;cilmente, porque no pasan el filtro humano de un antrop&#243;logo observador, cazador de recurrencias, de <em>circularidades sem&#225;nticas</em>, de repeticiones literarias.</p><p>Porque estas no se repiten solo en el estilo, tambi&#233;n en las opiniones sospechosamente cercanas al promedio. Un trabajo de Shibani Santurkar y su equipo en Stanford, presentado en 2023, compar&#243; las opiniones que expresan los modelos de lenguaje con las encuestas del Pew Research Center y encontr&#243; desalineaciones importantes frente a la poblaci&#243;n estadounidense en general. Es decir, <strong>la m&#225;quina no refleja &#171;a la gente&#187;; refleja una mezcla particular de gente, y nos la devuelve como si fuera el sentido com&#250;n.</strong> En marzo de este a&#241;o, Zhivar Sourati, Alireza Ziabari y Morteza Dehghani publicaron en <em>Trends in Cognitive Sciences</em> un art&#237;culo de opini&#243;n que pone todo esto en una sola frase: el uso masivo de los modelos de lenguaje puede estandarizar el lenguaje, las perspectivas y el razonamiento, marginando las formas de pensamiento minoritarias o culturalmente espec&#237;ficas.</p><p>Aqu&#237; tengo que ser crudo: <strong>ninguno de estos estudios midi&#243; el espa&#241;ol, y mucho menos el espa&#241;ol paisa. Lo que sigue es una extrapolaci&#243;n m&#237;a, no un dato sacado de ning&#250;n estudio.</strong> Porque si la escritura de un estudiante de Delhi se corre hacia Ohio, &#191;qu&#233; le pasar&#225; al &#171;eso es mucho cuento&#187;, al &#171;&#161;ave Mar&#237;a, pues!&#187;, al &#171;qu&#233; berraquera&#187;, cuando el autocorrector, el asistente y el traductor nos empujan todos los d&#237;as hacia un espa&#241;ol neutro, sin acento, sin pueblo? Les dejo el reto en los comentarios: <strong>escriban un p&#225;rrafo en su espa&#241;ol de toda la vida, p&#237;danle a su IA favorita que lo &#171;mejore&#187;, y cu&#233;ntenme qu&#233; palabras sobrevivieron.</strong> Por eso a mi editor de IA lo mantengo encadenado, aunque a veces tambi&#233;n se rebela.</p><p>Esto, por cierto, ya lo hab&#237;a rozado en <em>Por qu&#233; nos cuesta pensar en grande</em>, cuando les dec&#237;a que pensar grande implica romper el acuerdo psicol&#243;gico del promedio; hoy les traigo la versi&#243;n estad&#237;stica de ese acuerdo.</p><div><hr></div><h2>La serpiente que se come la cola</h2><p>En julio de 2024, Ilia Shumailov y otros de sus colegas publicaron en <em>Nature</em> un estudio con un t&#237;tulo que parece de pel&#237;cula de terror: los modelos de IA colapsan cuando se entrenan con datos generados de manera recursiva. Hicieron que un modelo aprendiera de los textos de otro modelo, y luego otro de ese, y as&#237; generaci&#243;n tras generaci&#243;n. &#191;Qu&#233; pas&#243;? <strong>Lo primero que desapareci&#243; fueron las colas de la distribuci&#243;n: los casos raros, lo inusual, lo poco frecuente.</strong> Despu&#233;s, en el colapso tard&#237;o, el modelo terminaba convergiendo hacia una especie de punto fijo, con muy poca variaci&#243;n. Una serpiente que se come su propia cola hasta quedar convertida en un puntico.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iArA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iArA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iArA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iArA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iArA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iArA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png" width="1254" height="1254" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/daaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1254,&quot;width&quot;:1254,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2287922,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/223059725?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iArA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iArA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iArA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iArA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaaa91fa-a428-4f6f-9808-6152fa101ee8_1254x1254.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Ahora, la letra menuda, que en esta Toma ha sido protagonista. Ese experimento es un escenario extremo de laboratorio: los investigadores entrenaron los modelos de forma indiscriminada con contenido generado por m&#225;quinas, reemplazando los datos originales. Ese mismo a&#241;o, Matthias Gerstgrasser y otro grupo de investigadores mostraron que <strong>el colapso no es inevitable: si los datos sint&#233;ticos se acumulan junto a los datos humanos reales, en lugar de reemplazarlos, el deterioro se mantiene bajo control.</strong></p><p>F&#237;jense en lo que esto significa. <strong>La m&#225;quina, para no enloquecer, necesita lo mismo que necesitaba el buey de Galton: diversidad real, humana e independiente.</strong> Somos la <em>cola de la distribuci&#243;n estad&#237;stica</em>, y las colas son lo primero que desaparece. Pero al mismo tiempo somos el ant&#237;doto, la m&#225;quina se alimenta de nuestras rarezas, por eso <strong>el d&#237;a que dejemos de ser raros, hasta ella se morir&#225; de hambre.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Tres Acordes y un Casete</strong></h3><p>D&#233;jenme volver un momento al barrio, porque aqu&#237; mi historia personal y la estad&#237;stica se dan la mano. El punk, ese que sonaba en nuestra grabadora sagrada, fue en el fondo una tecnolog&#237;a en el sentido m&#225;s amplio de la palabra, una <em>techn&#275;</em>: una t&#233;cnica para producir desviaci&#243;n con muy pocos recursos. Tres acordes, una guitarra mal afinada, un <em>fanzine</em> fotocopiado, un casete regrabado infinitas veces. Mientras el rock de estadio de los setenta se volv&#237;a cada vez m&#225;s pulido, m&#225;s largo, m&#225;s virtuoso y m&#225;s parecido a s&#237; mismo, unos pelaos sin plata decidieron que el error era el mensaje. <em><strong>Do it yourself</strong></em><strong>, hazlo t&#250;, y hazlo mal si toca, pero hazlo tuyo.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VKIe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VKIe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VKIe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VKIe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VKIe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VKIe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png" width="1024" height="1536" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1536,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2532665,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/223059725?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VKIe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VKIe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VKIe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VKIe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc5163-bf7c-42f3-bec8-c5e47b9cb7a0_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Medell&#237;n entendi&#243; eso a su manera. En 1990, V&#237;ctor Gaviria llev&#243; a Cannes <em>Rodrigo D. No futuro</em>, una pel&#237;cula filmada con muchachos de las comunas, actores naturales, con el punk como banda sonora y como grito. Era la ciudad m&#225;s violenta del mundo dici&#233;ndole al mundo, con tres acordes, que ah&#237; hab&#237;a alguien. No era una pose: era la &#250;nica manera disponible de no ser promedio en un lugar que te quer&#237;a promediar a la fuerza, o borrarte de la estad&#237;stica.</p><p>Ning&#250;n algoritmo le habr&#237;a recomendado a un pelao de barrio en los ochenta que se pusiera una chaqueta de cuero con taches y saliera a gritar. Por eso fue tan valioso. Por eso me preocupa un mundo donde la siguiente canci&#243;n, la siguiente palabra y la siguiente opini&#243;n ya vienen sugeridas, <strong>&#161;donde la inferencia te infiere!</strong></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>El Elogio del Exc&#233;ntrico</strong></h2><p>En 1859, John Stuart Mill escribi&#243; en <em>Sobre la libertad</em> unas l&#237;neas que hoy parecen escritas pensando en nosotros. &#171;Que tanto unos pocos se atrevan a ser exc&#233;ntricos hoy marca el principal peligro de nuestro tiempo&#187; (la traducci&#243;n es m&#237;a). Justo antes, en el mismo pasaje, otra frase que pienso pegar en la pared de mi estudio es: <strong>&#171;la mera negativa a doblar la rodilla ante la costumbre es, en s&#237; misma, un servicio&#187;</strong> (otra traducci&#243;n m&#237;a). Mill hablaba del <em>despotismo de la costumbre</em> y de la mediocridad colectiva. Qu&#233; habr&#237;a pensado este man si hubiese vivido en la era del autocompletado.</p><p>Lo que Mill intu&#237;a con filosof&#237;a, hoy lo podemos decir con estad&#237;stica. La rebeld&#237;a no es una pose ni una camiseta del Che (que, dicho sea de paso, es el producto m&#225;s promediado de la historia del <em>merchandising</em>). <strong>La rebeld&#237;a es la desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar de una sociedad. Es la medida de cu&#225;nto nos alejamos unos de otros, de cu&#225;nta variaci&#243;n conservamos.</strong> Cuando esa variaci&#243;n cae, el promedio no se vuelve m&#225;s sabio, se vuelve m&#225;s pobre, como en el experimento de Lorenz. Cuando una sociedad cae lo suficiente, ya no hay nada que promediar.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xu9C!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xu9C!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xu9C!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xu9C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xu9C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xu9C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2378022,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/223059725?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xu9C!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xu9C!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xu9C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xu9C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda4fada-084c-4aea-bfbe-9910f59f767f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Por eso insisto tanto en que no podemos perder la rebeld&#237;a. No porque sea rom&#225;ntica, sino porque es un asunto funcional para la sobrevivencia, sobre todo por aquellos que me dicen que las m&#225;quinas nos van a reemplazar. Un robot no sabe que es una m&#225;quina malvada; es una m&#225;quina entrenada para producir siempre la respuesta m&#225;s probable. <strong>Si nosotros empezamos a producir siempre la respuesta m&#225;s probable, la diferencia entre un humano y un robot deja de ser de naturaleza y pasa a ser de materiales.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Las Buenas Noticias&#8230;</strong></h3><p>Todo este rollo de la rebeld&#237;a me surgi&#243; despu&#233;s de participar en un programa de la televisi&#243;n regional de Medell&#237;n, donde su presentadora me pregunt&#243;:</p><p>-&#191;en qu&#233; somos mejores que los robots?&#8230;</p><p>-Andrea, me dejaste pensando&#8230; <strong>somos mejores que los robots en que a&#250;n podemos impulsar la rebeld&#237;a de ser distintos.</strong></p><p>La buena noticia es que <strong>esta dictadura del promedio tiene una debilidad enorme: depende de nuestra pereza, no de nuestra obediencia.</strong> La pereza se combate con la construcci&#243;n de h&#225;bitos peque&#241;os, les voy a dejar siete rebeliones pr&#225;cticas; ninguna requiere renunciar a la tecnolog&#237;a:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Primero yo, despu&#233;s la m&#225;quina.</strong> Cuando tengas una inquietud, escribe tu borrador primero, tu opini&#243;n o tu c&#225;lculo antes de preguntarle a la IA. Es la regla de Galton: la multitud es sabia solo si cada uno escribe su papelito solo. Despu&#233;s compara el resultado. Lo que la m&#225;quina te diga ya no te reemplaza, te contrasta.</p></li><li><p><strong>P&#237;dele a la IA la cola, no el centro.</strong> En vez de &#171;&#191;qu&#233; opinas?&#187;, preg&#250;ntale: &#171;dame la respuesta que el 90 % no dar&#237;a&#187;. Toma su primera respuesta como el promedio que tienes que superar, no como la meta a la que debes llegar.</p></li><li><p><strong>Lleva un cuaderno con un inventario de paisismos.</strong> Cada palabra, refr&#225;n o giro que el corrector te quiera arreglar, an&#243;talo y defi&#233;ndelo. Si no lo usamos nosotros, no lo va a usar nadie, y lo que nadie escribe, la m&#225;quina no lo aprende.</p></li><li><p><strong>Deja una mandolina en cada obra.</strong> Un error consciente, una proporci&#243;n rara, una palabra que no es la &#171;correcta&#187;. Botero no pidi&#243; permiso para que el agujero fuera chiquito.</p></li><li><p><strong>Busca un curador humano una vez por semana.</strong> El librero de la esquina, la DJ que te gusta, el amigo que siempre recomienda cosas raras. O pon un disco completo, de principio a fin, sin que el <em>feed</em> decida la siguiente canci&#243;n. Como en los tiempos del casete.</p></li><li><p><strong>Mide a tus pelaos por su perfil, no por el promedio del sal&#243;n.</strong> Si leyeron la Toma sobre <em>Qu&#233; deber&#237;an estudiar nuestros hijos</em>, ya saben pa d&#243;nde voy: ning&#250;n ni&#241;o es promedio, igual que ning&#250;n piloto de Daniels lo era.</p></li><li><p><strong>Produce datos humanos.</strong> Escribe, graba las historias de tus abuelos, documenta las palabras de tu pueblo. Gerstgrasser nos dej&#243; una pista preciosa: lo que mantiene sana a la m&#225;quina son los datos humanos reales que se siguen acumulando. <strong>Por primera vez en la historia, ser raro es parte de infraestructura que necesitamos construir para defendernos de la tiran&#237;a.</strong></p><div><hr></div></li></ul><h3><strong>El Hueco de la Mandolina</strong></h3><p>Antes de cerrar, devolv&#225;monos a la Ciudad de M&#233;xico, al taller de 1956. Lo m&#225;s bonito de la historia de Botero no es el error. Errores cometemos todos, todos los d&#237;as. <strong>Lo bonito es que se qued&#243; con &#233;l.</strong> Lo mir&#243;, entendi&#243; que ah&#237; hab&#237;a algo que nadie m&#225;s estaba viendo, y tuvo el coraje de pasarse el resto de la vida defendi&#233;ndolo contra toda clase de cr&#237;ticos, galeristas y se&#241;oras de <em>blower</em> que le dec&#237;an que eso no era arte, que esas eran gordas.</p><p>Esa es la rebeld&#237;a que les quiero dejar. No la del que grita por gritar, no la del izquierdoso que quema un bus sin pensar en las consecuencias, no la del progre, para el que no basta la evidencia, as&#237; esta est&#233; apilada en monta&#241;as que lo demuestran, no en la rebeld&#237;a del que debate y debate con argumentos est&#233;riles o sin sustento basado en evidencia, sino en el oscurantismo de una ideolog&#237;a. <strong>Les hablo de la rebeld&#237;a del que sabe que su desviaci&#243;n vale algo y no deja que se la corrijan.</strong> La del pelao de chaqueta de cuero que pag&#243; el precio de ser distinto en un barrio que lo quer&#237;a diferente, a lo sumo. La del que usa la m&#225;quina todos los d&#237;as, pero le escribe primero su papelito solo y no se queda solo con la declaraci&#243;n, sino que tambi&#233;n le pone reglas a la m&#225;quina.</p><p><strong>Porque al final, el riesgo no es que las m&#225;quinas se parezcan a nosotros. Es que nosotros terminemos pareci&#233;ndonos a ellas.</strong> Que un d&#237;a todas nuestras canciones suenen conocidas, todas nuestras ideas lleguen peinadas y todas nuestras palabras puedan adivinarse antes de abrir la boca.</p><p>Pero todav&#237;a no estamos ah&#237;. <strong>Todav&#237;a tenemos el l&#225;piz en la mano.</strong></p><p>Todav&#237;a hay un pelao haciendo ruido en un garaje, una abuela usando una palabra que no aparece en ning&#250;n diccionario, un profesor que deja que sus alumnos le discutan y alguien dibujando una mandolina con un huequito que, seg&#250;n todos, est&#225; mal. Todav&#237;a hay gente dispuesta a pasar por rara antes que pasar por la vida sin haber dicho algo propio.</p><p>Imag&#237;nense lo que podr&#237;amos hacer si dej&#225;ramos de esconder todo eso.</p><p>Una escuela donde al ni&#241;o que pregunta cosas raras le den tiempo para terminar la pregunta. Una empresa donde se pueda decir &#171;yo no estoy de acuerdo&#187; sin empezar a actualizar la hoja de vida. Un futuro donde nuestros nietos puedan usar m&#225;quinas extraordinarias y todav&#237;a reconocer, entre millones de voces, esa forma tan nuestra de contar un cuento.</p><p><strong>Ese futuro necesita algo que nosotros tenemos: lo que todav&#237;a no se le ha ocurrido a nadie m&#225;s.</strong> Tambi&#233;n lo que heredamos, lo que aprendimos en la calle, lo que solo sabe nuestra abuela, lo que no cabe en el formulario. Todo eso que a veces escondemos para que nos tomen en serio.</p><p>Por eso les propongo que esta Toma no se quede en otra lectura interesante que cerramos para seguir bajando por el <em>feed</em>. Hagamos algo con ella.</p><p>Esta semana escriban primero su papelito. Rescaten una palabra que la m&#225;quina les haya borrado. Graben esa historia familiar que siempre cuentan en diciembre y que nadie ha guardado. Pongan un disco completo. Hagan una pregunta cuya respuesta no sepan. Denle una oportunidad a esa idea que llevan meses escondiendo porque les da pena que alguien diga: &#171;&#191;Y a este qu&#233; le pas&#243;?&#187;.</p><p>Cuando encuentren a otro desentonando, pr&#233;stenle o&#237;do. Acu&#233;rdense de lo que costaba ser el bicho raro del barrio. <strong>Tal vez la primera tarea de un rebelde sea conseguir que el pr&#243;ximo se sienta menos solo.</strong></p><p>As&#237; circulaban nuestros casetes: alguien grababa, alguien prestaba, alguien escuchaba y al otro d&#237;a aparec&#237;a con una banda que ninguno conoc&#237;a. De mano en mano nos fuimos ampliando el mundo. Ahora imaginen hacer eso con las ideas, con las preguntas, con el coraje.</p><p>No sabemos cu&#225;l de esas peque&#241;as desobediencias terminar&#225; convertida en una obra, una escuela, una empresa o una forma distinta de vivir. Botero tampoco pod&#237;a saber todo lo que cab&#237;a en aquel huequito cuando lo dibuj&#243;.</p><p><strong>Pero alguien tiene que hacer el primer trazo.</strong></p><p>Los leo en los comentarios: <strong>&#191;cu&#225;l es el agujero de mandolina que la m&#225;quina te quiere corregir y qu&#233; vas a empezar esta semana para defenderlo?</strong> Cu&#233;ntenlo, p&#243;nganle fecha, inviten a alguien. Que podamos volver a esta conversaci&#243;n y descubrir que aqu&#237; comenz&#243; algo.</p><h3>Si de pelao tambi&#233;n fuiste el bicho raro del barrio, b&#250;scalo. Debe andar por ah&#237;, debajo del saco, pagando cuentas, asistiendo a reuniones, esperando que le vuelvas a subir el volumen.</h3><p>Yo al m&#237;o ya le puse un casete.</p><p><strong>Saquen el suyo. A ver a qu&#233; suena el futuro cuando nos atrevemos a tocarlo.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2897663,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://gabrielbedoya.substack.com/i/183304312?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>&#161;Gracias por leer y compartir!</strong></h4><h4><strong>GabrielBedoya.com</strong></h4><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Fuentes</strong></h2><ul><li><p>Dru, Jean-Marie. <em>Disruption: Overturning Conventions and Shaking Up the Marketplace</em>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1996; lanzamiento del concepto en avisos de p&#225;gina entera en <em>The Wall Street Journal</em>, <em>Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</em> y <em>Le Figaro</em>, 1 de mayo de 1992. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_disruption">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_disruption</a></p></li><li><p>Christensen, Clayton M. <em>The Innovator&#8217;s Dilemma</em>. Harvard Business School Press, 1997.</p></li><li><p>Adesina, Precious. &#171;&#8220;Yo no pinto gordas&#8221;: qu&#233; hay detr&#225;s del estilo &#250;nico del c&#233;lebre artista colombiano Fernando Botero&#187;. BBC News Mundo, 2026. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/mundo/articles/c60me2mwjygko.app">https://www.bbc.com/mundo/articles/c60me2mwjygko.app</a></p></li><li><p>Galton, Francis. &#171;Vox Populi&#187;. <em>Nature</em> 75, 450&#8211;451, 1907. <a href="https://web.mit.edu/curhan/www/docs/Articles/15341_Readings/Collective_Intelligence/Galton_1907_Vox_Populi.pdf">https://web.mit.edu/curhan/www/docs/Articles/15341_Readings/Collective_Intelligence/Galton_1907_Vox_Populi.pdf</a></p></li><li><p>Rose, Todd. <em>The End of Average</em>, 2016; &#171;Beyond Average&#187;, <em>Harvard Ed. Magazine</em>. <a href="https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/ed-magazine/15/08/beyond-average">https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/ed-magazine/15/08/beyond-average</a></p></li><li><p>Daniels, Gilbert S. &#171;The &#8220;Average Man&#8221;?&#187;, Wright Air Development Center (DTIC AD0047953). <a href="http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?identifier=AD0047953&amp;metadataPrefix=html&amp;verb=getRecord">http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?identifier=AD0047953&amp;metadataPrefix=html&amp;verb=getRecord</a></p></li><li><p>Langlois, J. H. y Roggman, L. A. &#171;Attractive Faces Are Only Average&#187;. <em>Psychological Science</em> 1(2), 1990. <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00079.x">https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00079.x</a></p></li><li><p>Doshi, A. R. y Hauser, O. P. &#171;Generative AI enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content&#187;. <em>Science Advances</em>, 2024. <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adn5290">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adn5290</a></p></li><li><p>Lorenz, J., Rauhut, H., Schweitzer, F. y Helbing, D. &#171;How social influence can undermine the wisdom of crowd effect&#187;. <em>PNAS</em> 108(22), 2011. <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1008636108">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1008636108</a></p></li><li><p>Experimentos de conformidad de Solomon Asch (resumen). <a href="https://www.simplypsychology.org/asch-conformity.html">https://www.simplypsychology.org/asch-conformity.html</a></p></li><li><p>Tocqueville, Alexis de. <em>La democracia en Am&#233;rica</em>, vol. I, cap. XV, 1835. <a href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/de-tocqueville/democracy-america/ch15.htm">https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/de-tocqueville/democracy-america/ch15.htm</a></p></li><li><p>Chayka, Kyle. <em>Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture</em>. Doubleday, 2024. <a href="https://www.kylechayka.com/filterworld">https://www.kylechayka.com/filterworld</a> y <a href="https://www.npr.org/2024/01/17/1224955473/social-media-algorithm-filterworld">https://www.npr.org/2024/01/17/1224955473/social-media-algorithm-filterworld</a></p></li><li><p>Serr&#224;, J. et al. &#171;Measuring the Evolution of Contemporary Western Popular Music&#187;. <em>Scientific Reports</em> 2, 2012. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/srep00521">https://www.nature.com/articles/srep00521</a></p></li><li><p>Cornell University. &#171;AI suggestions make writing more generic, Western&#187; (CHI 2025). <a href="https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2025/04/ai-suggestions-make-writing-more-generic-western">https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2025/04/ai-suggestions-make-writing-more-generic-western</a></p></li><li><p>Kobak, D. et al. &#171;Delving into LLM-assisted writing in biomedical publications through excess vocabulary&#187;. <em>Science Advances</em>, 2025. <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adt3813">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adt3813</a></p></li><li><p>Santurkar, S. et al. &#171;Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?&#187;. ICML, 2023. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.17548">https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.17548</a></p></li><li><p>Sourati, Z., Ziabari, A. S. y Dehghani, M. &#171;The homogenizing effect of large language models on human expression and thought&#187;. <em>Trends in Cognitive Sciences</em>, 2026 (art&#237;culo de opini&#243;n). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41820108/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41820108/</a></p></li><li><p>Shumailov, I. et al. &#171;AI models collapse when trained on recursively generated data&#187;. <em>Nature</em> 631, 2024. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07566-y">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07566-y</a></p></li><li><p>Gerstgrasser, M. et al. &#171;Is Model Collapse Inevitable? Breaking the Curse of Recursion by Accumulating Real and Synthetic Data&#187;, 2024 (<em>preprint</em>). <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.01413">https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.01413</a></p></li><li><p>Mill, John Stuart. <em>Sobre la libertad</em>, cap. III, 1859. <a href="https://utilitarianism.net/books/on-liberty-john-stuart-mill/3/">https://utilitarianism.net/books/on-liberty-john-stuart-mill/3/</a></p></li><li><p>Gaviria, V&#237;ctor. <em>Rodrigo D. No futuro</em>, Colombia, 1990 (selecci&#243;n oficial en competencia, Festival de Cannes 1990).</p></li><li><p>Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA), fundada en 2021. </p></li><li><p>https://c2pa.org</p></li><li><p>Ministerio de Cultura de Colombia. <em>Lenguas nativas de Colombia</em> (65 ind&#237;genas, 2 criollas y el roman&#237;).</p></li><li><p>UNESCO. Espacio cultural de Palenque de San Basilio, proclamado obra maestra del patrimonio oral e inmaterial de la humanidad, 2005. <a href="https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/espacio-cultural-de-palenque-de-san-basilio-00102">https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/espacio-cultural-de-palenque-de-san-basilio-00102</a></p></li><li><p>Instituto Caro y Cuervo. <em>Atlas Ling&#252;&#237;stico-Etnogr&#225;fico de Colombia</em> (ALEC), 6 tomos, Bogot&#225;, 1981&#8211;1983.</p></li></ul><p>Nota: las citas de Tocqueville y Mill son traducciones m&#237;as del ingl&#233;s. Los estudios citados no midieron el espa&#241;ol ni el habla paisa; esa parte del texto es una extrapolaci&#243;n del autor.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Del Concepto al Prototipo | FUTOPIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[TOMA 55 | Ingenier&#237;a con Significado]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/del-concepto-al-prototipo-futopix</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/del-concepto-al-prototipo-futopix</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 25 Oct 2026 17:23:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANhD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3f23c3-9632-4fee-86ab-ecbd23f93e51_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANhD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3f23c3-9632-4fee-86ab-ecbd23f93e51_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANhD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3f23c3-9632-4fee-86ab-ecbd23f93e51_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANhD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3f23c3-9632-4fee-86ab-ecbd23f93e51_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANhD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3f23c3-9632-4fee-86ab-ecbd23f93e51_1672x941.png 1272w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANhD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3f23c3-9632-4fee-86ab-ecbd23f93e51_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANhD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3f23c3-9632-4fee-86ab-ecbd23f93e51_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANhD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3f23c3-9632-4fee-86ab-ecbd23f93e51_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANhD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3f23c3-9632-4fee-86ab-ecbd23f93e51_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Hace alg&#250;n tiempo he venido observando con atenci&#243;n una se&#241;al d&#233;bil que parece ir tomando fuerza. Cada vez veo c&#243;mo m&#225;s y m&#225;s cient&#237;ficos sociales se est&#225;n destacando en funciones de liderazgo en las mayores empresas de tecnolog&#237;a del planeta. La pregunta es a qu&#233; se debe esta se&#241;al, porque lo l&#243;gico ser&#237;a que las grandes empresas de tecnolog&#237;a global estuvieran dirigidas por ingenieros. Al principio pens&#233; que era un tema eventual, tal vez circunstancial, pero en la medida en la que me puse a investigar comenc&#233; a descubrir ciertos rasgos distintivos en los cient&#237;ficos sociales, que no necesariamente est&#225;n presentes en los ingenieros.</p><p>Ahora bien, al hablar de cient&#237;ficos sociales, no me estoy refiriendo exclusivamente a fil&#243;sofos, antrop&#243;logos, soci&#243;logos, sic&#243;logos, ciencias del comportamiento humano e historiadores principalmente. En este espacio tambi&#233;n deber&#237;amos incluir, dise&#241;adores, arquitectos, entre otros.</p><p>En este FUTOPIX vamos a explorar el ciclo virtuoso <em>&#8220;Pensar / Hacer&#8221;</em>: las relaciones entre el pensamiento conceptual y el pensamiento operativo. Confieso de antemano que este ser&#225; un texto bien dif&#237;cil de escribir sin herir susceptibilidades, aqu&#237; no pretendo tomar partido desde ning&#250;n punto de vista, o discutir si los ingenieros son mejores que los cient&#237;ficos sociales. Por el contrario, este documento tiene el &#225;nimo de mostrar que <strong>cuando existe una visi&#243;n compartida, las ciencias del comportamiento humano y las matem&#225;ticas son perfectamente complementarias.</strong></p><p>Sin m&#225;s cuento, met&#225;monos de lleno en el tema.</p><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; es una idea?</strong></p><p>Uno de los autores que m&#225;s influenci&#243; mi carrera como antrop&#243;logo fue Gregory Bateson, lo cito frecuentemente en mis FUTOPIX, sobre todo cuando de creatividad hablamos. Su libro <em>Pasos hacia una ecolog&#237;a de la mente</em> es una joya para cualquier dise&#241;ador o pensador conceptual. No les voy a reescribir las teor&#237;as batesonianas, no tiene sentido, les voy a hacer m&#225;s bien un paneo a trav&#233;s de las ideas principales de este personaje.</p><p>He comenzado muchos ejercicios de creatividad pregunt&#225;ndole a los participantes: &#191;qu&#233; es una idea? Las respuestas han sido de todos los calibres, algunos me han dicho que una idea es un concepto, una representaci&#243;n de la realidad, una imaginaci&#243;n, una abstracci&#243;n, etc&#8230; Los debates se ponen muy buenos cuando les contesto diciendo:</p><p><strong>&#8212;&#191;Qu&#233; pasar&#237;a si les dijera que una idea es una diferencia?</strong></p><p>Entonces ah&#237; es cuando se prende el debate, porque comenzamos a mover el mundo de las certezas de los participantes&#8230;</p><p>&#8212;&#191;Una diferencia? &#191;C&#243;mo as&#237;? Expl&#237;cate &#8212;me terminan contestando.</p><p>Entonces en esta parte del discurso es cuando me vuelvo batesoniano.</p><p>Siguiendo las ideas de este antrop&#243;logo, bi&#243;logo y cibern&#233;tico, desde que estamos en el vientre de nuestras madres comenzamos a generar nuestra estructura de pensamiento a trav&#233;s del contraste. Nuestro primer filtro de la realidad se da al contrastar las situaciones en nuestro medio ambiente a trav&#233;s de los sentidos, contrastamos y aprendemos mediante lo que olemos, escuchamos, probamos, vemos y sentimos. Nuestro cerebro comienza a construir una gran base de datos de diferencias, desde el vientre de la madre la voz del padre suena distinto a la de la madre y al compararlas y extraer la diferencia, el cerebro genera un mecanismo de clasificaci&#243;n.</p><p>&#191;Nos hemos preguntado alguna vez por qu&#233; un reci&#233;n nacido llora cuando es cargado por una enfermera y se calma cuando es acercado a la madre? Seguramente lo que sucede en nuestro cerebro es que el beb&#233; reconoce a su madre al contrastar el olor, el sonido de su voz y por qu&#233; no el sabor de la leche materna. Dicho en otras palabras, <strong>nuestro primer mecanismo de abstracci&#243;n son los sentidos</strong>, aplicamos el filtro de los cinco sentidos (aunque hay quienes dicen que son m&#225;s), contrastamos, extraemos la diferencia y clasificamos en nuestra base de datos cerebral. Durante nuestros primeros a&#241;os de vida enriquecemos este modelo, vivimos en el mundo de lo sensorial, por eso los beb&#233;s todo lo llevan primero a la boca.</p><p>En la medida que este supersistema aprende y clasifica, vamos generando otro sistema, el de las clasificaciones v&#237;a <em>pares de oposici&#243;n</em>: caliente / fr&#237;o, dulce / amargo, feliz / triste, r&#225;pido / lento, etc. Este mundo de dicotom&#237;as luego se va complejizando hasta alcanzar grandes categor&#237;as, lo que muchos expertos llaman <em>semi&#243;tica</em>. Lo que no es m&#225;s que clasificar el mundo de lo que conocemos en grandes cuerpos de informaci&#243;n y significado (<em>campos sem&#225;nticos</em>), que van creciendo como galaxias. En este orden de ideas, cuando alcanzamos la capacidad de pensar a trav&#233;s de grandes campos de significado, decimos que estamos en el nivel del pensamiento conceptual. Para redondear la idea, cuando comenzamos a clasificar la informaci&#243;n en pares de oposici&#243;n y luego en campos sem&#225;nticos decimos que estamos frente al <em>pensamiento categorial</em>, o en el segundo o siguiente sistema de abstracci&#243;n, y cuando tenemos la capacidad de conectar y describir grandes cantidades de estructuras significantes, decimos que estamos en el tercer nivel, <strong>el nivel conceptual, el nivel ontol&#243;gico.</strong></p><p>Mucha gente confunde la <em>ontolog&#237;a</em> con capacidad de c&#243;mputo, y esto no es real, <strong>ontolog&#237;a es la capacidad de conectar muchos puntos al interior de un campo de significado</strong>, no es la velocidad a la que los conecta, es la capacidad de construir relaciones entre grandes cantidades de informaci&#243;n. Desde este punto de vista, en el mundo de las categor&#237;as construimos clasificaciones, vamos guardando informaci&#243;n como si se tratase de mu&#241;ecas rusas &#8212;<em>matrioshkas</em>&#8212;, una categor&#237;a dentro de otra. Mientras que en el nivel conceptual entendemos el mundo a partir de relaciones entre categor&#237;as.</p><p>Para entender mejor esto quiero invitarlos a dibujar un &#8220;&#225;rbol&#8221;, la mayor&#237;a de la gente dibujar&#225; algo como esto:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXER!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXER!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXER!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXER!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXER!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXER!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png" width="1448" height="1086" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1086,&quot;width&quot;:1448,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2772052,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/222060404?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXER!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXER!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXER!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXER!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F012bb2b6-f1d9-4f44-90ef-72eea4458266_1448x1086.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Luego quisiera invitarte a pensar en un &#225;rbol de manzanas, en la mayor&#237;a de mis entrenamientos la gente termina pintando algo as&#237;:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cupe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cupe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cupe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cupe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cupe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cupe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png" width="1448" height="1086" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1086,&quot;width&quot;:1448,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2158792,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/222060404?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cupe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cupe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cupe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cupe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20f54527-b229-49a1-9c03-0e2f6c41abde_1448x1086.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Pero si te digo &#8220;bosque tropical&#8221;, &#191;qu&#233; pintar&#237;as? El primer nivel explica el nivel sensorial, el segundo el categorial y el tercero el conceptual.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoUQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoUQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoUQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoUQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoUQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoUQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png" width="1448" height="1086" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1086,&quot;width&quot;:1448,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2877705,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/222060404?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoUQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoUQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoUQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoUQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b086ba0-7a1b-4395-9b25-0973cc1584a3_1448x1086.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Entonces la pregunta es: &#191;qu&#233; tiene que ver esto con ingenieros y cient&#237;ficos sociales? Vamos a dejar el tema en puntos suspensivos y abramos un nuevo cap&#237;tulo. Al final conectamos las historias (no es el modelo de IA que me corrige el que hace esto, soy yo que me gusta dejar las historias prendidas, si respondo ya se me acaba muy r&#225;pido el camello).</p><p><strong>Los CEOs de LinkedIn</strong></p><p>En LinkedIn circulan frecuentemente publicaciones que dicen cosas como: <em>&#8220;Los CEOs m&#225;s poderosos del mundo no estudiaron ingenier&#237;a&#8221;</em>, luego un <em>slide</em> que dice Howard Schultz estudi&#243; comunicaci&#243;n social. Un segundo diciendo: Susan Wojcicki, historia y literatura. Otro, Stewart Butterfield, filosof&#237;a. Un cuarto, Brian Chesky, dise&#241;o industrial y remata con una frase de Steve Jobs sobre las humanidades y un llamado a &#8220;seguir tu pasi&#243;n&#8221;. Miles de <em>likes</em>, cientos de antrop&#243;logos, soci&#243;logos y fil&#243;sofos comparti&#233;ndolo con el pecho inflado, y confieso que hasta a m&#237;, que soy uno de ellos, tambi&#233;n me dan ganas de darle <em>like</em>.</p><p>Les tengo que confesar que esos carruseles me gustan, pero tambi&#233;n me incomodan. Me encanta porque llevo m&#225;s de veinticinco a&#241;os defendiendo que <strong>la antropolog&#237;a no es un pasatiempo para estudiar gente rara, sino una tecnolog&#237;a para entender a los humanos a trav&#233;s de la cultura</strong>. Me incomoda porque para ser m&#225;s precisos, es una verdad mal contada. No tenemos evidencia suficiente para afirmar que la mayor&#237;a de los grandes CEOs viene de las ciencias sociales. La lista tiene m&#225;s problemas que el &#225;lgebra de Baldor. Un matem&#225;tico jud&#237;o de Transilvania describi&#243; esta situaci&#243;n hace m&#225;s de ochenta a&#241;os, mientras ve&#237;a caer aviones sobre el cielo europeo.</p><p>Vamos a desbaratar el carrusel y despu&#233;s, con las piezas que queden, vamos a construir una narrativa mejor. Una pregunta que me parece mucho m&#225;s interesante que la de qu&#233; carrera estudi&#243; el jefe. <strong>&#191;Estamos entrando en una &#233;poca en la que el principal desaf&#237;o de las empresas tecnol&#243;gicas dej&#243; de ser producir tecnolog&#237;a y pas&#243; a ser comprender, dise&#241;ar y gobernar sus consecuencias para los humanos?</strong></p><p><strong>El Conteo de Balas</strong></p><p>Regresemos en el tiempo al New York 1943 de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En el apartamento 401 del 118 West en Harlem funcionaba un cuartel que parec&#237;a m&#225;s una oficina. Se llamaba el <em>Statistical Research Group</em> - SRG. Por sus escritorios pasaron algunas de las mentes m&#225;s brillantes de los Estados Unidos. All&#225; trabaj&#243; Milton Friedman y George Stigler, ambos depositarios del premio Nobel de econom&#237;a. El director de esta oficina, Allen Wallis, dijo en una ocasi&#243;n que ese fue el grupo de estad&#237;sticos m&#225;s extraordinario de la historia. El trabajo de este equipo era ponerle n&#250;meros a la guerra.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_FkX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_FkX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_FkX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_FkX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_FkX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_FkX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2558656,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/222060404?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_FkX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_FkX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_FkX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_FkX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3983ca2-01ee-4c66-a531-e988a2669dce_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Entre el equipo de estad&#237;sticos estaba un man delgado de gafas, t&#233;cnicamente era un extranjero de un pa&#237;s enemigo, no ten&#237;a autorizaci&#243;n para ver los propios informes que &#233;l realizaba porque eran clasificados. Su nombre: <strong>Abraham Wald</strong>, nacido el 31 de octubre de 1902 en Kolozsv&#225;r, una ciudad que hoy conocemos como Cluj, en Rumania, pero que entonces era parte de Hungr&#237;a, dentro del Imperio austroh&#250;ngaro. Era hijo de jud&#237;os practicantes, y como las escuelas h&#250;ngaras ten&#237;an clases los s&#225;bados, sus padres decidieron educarlo en la casa. Ese pela&#237;to sin colegio posteriormente termin&#243; doctor&#225;ndose en matem&#225;ticas en la ciudad de Viena en 1931. Cuando los nazis anexaron Austria en 1938, Wald aprovech&#243; una invitaci&#243;n para irse a los Estados Unidos, dejando atr&#225;s a casi toda su familia, quienes murieron en el Holocausto.</p><p>En agosto de 1943, en una sola operaci&#243;n contra las f&#225;bricas de Schweinfurt y Regensburg, los alemanes derribaron sesenta bombarderos B-17 de los 376 que fueron enviados a la misi&#243;n. Las tripulaciones volaban con probabilidades m&#237;nimas de supervivencia, hoy nos parecer&#237;an operaciones de ruleta rusa. Debido a esto los militares buscaron blindar los aviones, con la dificultad de que el blindaje aumentar&#237;a el peso, a sabiendas de que un avi&#243;n pesado es m&#225;s lento, gasta m&#225;s combustible y se convierte en un blanco m&#225;s f&#225;cil. Pero la pregunta que los ingenieros aeron&#225;uticos se hac&#237;an era: &#191;d&#243;nde poner el poco blindaje que se pod&#237;a cargar?</p><p>La historia que a algunos nos contaron en las clases de estad&#237;stica dec&#237;a que los oficiales revisaron los aviones que volv&#237;an de las misiones, contaron los agujeros de bala y notaron que se acumulaban en las alas, el fuselaje y la cola. La conclusi&#243;n era obvia: blindar los aviones donde estaban los agujeros, pero Wald dijo que no, argumentando que <strong>los agujeros importantes eran los que no se ven, porque los aviones que recibieron esos disparos no regresaron para que alguien hiciera un inventario de huecos.</strong> Si los aviones que regresaban ten&#237;an los motores intactos, no era porque a los motores no les disparaban; era porque un tiro en un motor tumba un avi&#243;n. Entonces recomend&#243; blindar donde no hab&#237;a agujeros.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sv9S!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sv9S!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sv9S!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sv9S!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sv9S!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sv9S!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2706647,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/222060404?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sv9S!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sv9S!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sv9S!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sv9S!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69d811e7-81a5-47ed-9449-a82ae065dc89_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ahora les voy a relatar la parte que a casi nadie le cuentan, y que para m&#237; es la m&#225;s bonita. Wald nunca escribi&#243; esa historia as&#237;, la versi&#243;n que circula parece una f&#225;bula. Lo que s&#237; hizo fue dejar una serie de ocho memorandos &#225;ridos como un desierto, con un t&#237;tulo que no le har&#237;a ninguna gracia a los actuales <em>community managers</em>: <em>A Method of Estimating Plane Vulnerability Based on Damage of Survivors</em>, un m&#233;todo para estimar la vulnerabilidad de un avi&#243;n a partir del da&#241;o de los sobrevivientes. &#191;Por qu&#233; no era tan atractivo para el com&#250;n de los mortales? Porque al abrir el documento se topaban con puras ecuaciones. No hab&#237;a dibujitos de aviones con puntos rojos, no frases heroicas. Seg&#250;n el matem&#225;tico Bill Casselman, que revis&#243; los documentos para la Sociedad Americana de Matem&#225;ticas, Wald ni siquiera le dijo a los militares qu&#233; hacer. El famoso avi&#243;n punteado que nos han mostrado mil veces en presentaciones de <em>PowerPoint</em> es una invenci&#243;n moderna. <strong>Hasta la leyenda del sesgo de supervivencia sobrevivi&#243; por sesgo de supervivencia</strong>: como sucede con todos los mitos nos quedamos con la versi&#243;n que se deja contar y la gente quiere escuchar.</p><p>Wald muri&#243; el 13 de diciembre de 1950, junto con su esposa, cuando en un avi&#243;n de Air India en el que viajaban, se estrell&#243; contra las monta&#241;as del sur de la India, tremenda iron&#237;a de la vida. Ten&#237;a cuarenta y ocho a&#241;os, el hombre que dedic&#243; su vida a pensar por qu&#233; los aviones no volv&#237;an termin&#243; siendo parte de ellos. A nadie se le ocurrir&#237;a escribir ese final en una novela, porque nadie lo creer&#237;a, la realidad supera a la ficci&#243;n.</p><p><strong>Los Agujeros Del Carrusel</strong></p><p>Volvamos a mirar el carrusel de LinkedIn con los ojos de Wald. &#191;Qu&#233; estamos contando ah&#237;? Yo dir&#237;a que estamos contando los aviones que volvieron. Schultz, Wojcicki, Butterfield y Chesky son los bombarderos que aterrizaron en la base con las alas llenas de agujeros y la tripulaci&#243;n sonriendo para la foto. Pero &#191;cu&#225;ntos fil&#243;sofos, historiadores y antrop&#243;logos intentaron dirigir una empresa y se estrellaron sin que nadie les hiciera un carrusel? &#191;Cu&#225;ntos se quedaron en el camino, cerrando su emprendimiento a los dieciocho meses, sin una charla TED que los recuerde? <strong>Los humanistas fracasados no publicamos </strong><em><strong>feeds</strong></em><strong> en LinkedIn</strong>, yo soy prueba de ello, un humanista sin <em>feed</em> y para el colmo de males, llor&#243;n, como ya me han llamado en varias ocasiones, por quejarme de lo duro que es hacer empresa en mi pa&#237;s.</p><p>Cuando uno busca datos en vez de an&#233;cdotas, el panorama se vuelve m&#225;s difuso, m&#225;s honesto y bastante menos viral. Patricia Flynn y Michael Quinn estudiaron a los CEOs de las 500 empresas del &#237;ndice S&amp;P en 2004 y encontraron que la formaci&#243;n en administraci&#243;n de empresas e ingenier&#237;a empataban en el primer lugar, cada &#225;rea con una quinta parte de los jefes, econom&#237;a viene de tercera con un nueve por ciento. Otro estudio sobre esa misma &#233;lite en 2005 encontr&#243; que poco m&#225;s de una quinta parte hab&#237;a estudiado artes, humanidades o ciencias sociales, sin contar econom&#237;a. Una revisi&#243;n de los CEOs del Fortune 50 en 2019 encontr&#243; un empate casi perfecto: dieciocho con carreras STEM (Ciencias, Tecnolog&#237;a, Ingenier&#237;a y Matem&#225;ticas), dieciocho de artes liberales y dieciocho de negocios, m&#225;s uno que no termin&#243; la universidad.</p><p>Es decir, ni los ingenieros mandan solos, ni los humanistas son mayor&#237;a. <strong>La carrera de pregrado de un CEO dice tanto sobre su &#233;xito como los agujeros de un avi&#243;n que volvi&#243; de la guerra.</strong> Si le sumamos el detalle de que buena parte de esos jefes, vengan de donde vengan, terminaron haciendo un MBA, la discusi&#243;n de &#8220;ingeniero vs. humanista&#8221; se vuelve casi que una pelea de barras bravas.</p><p>Hasta aqu&#237;, el cuento tiene un antagonista f&#225;cil: el carrusel bobito. Pero el verdadero antagonista de esta Toma es otro, m&#225;s elegante y m&#225;s peligroso. Es <strong>el determinismo del diploma</strong>, esa idea de que la carrera que uno estudi&#243; a los dieciocho a&#241;os decide qu&#233; tan buen l&#237;der ser&#225; a los cincuenta. Es un tema que vivo frecuentemente, sobre todo con los ingenieros que miran por encima del hombro a quienes estudiamos ciencias sociales, y lo usan los de ciencias sociales para vengarse con carruseles de LinkedIn, los dos est&#225;n contando los huecos en los aviones equivocados.</p><p>Dicho esto, que la evidencia no alcance para la tesis del carrusel no significa que no haya una tesis, solo tenemos que formularla mejor.</p><p><strong>Lo Posible y Lo Significativo</strong></p><p>Vamos a formularla as&#237;, la pongo en negrita porque es la columna vertebral de todo lo que sigue: <strong>las ingenier&#237;as permiten construir lo que es t&#233;cnicamente posible, mientras que las ciencias sociales ayudan a comprender qu&#233; resulta humanamente significativo. La estrategia empresarial necesita ambas.</strong></p><p>Steve Jobs lo intuy&#243; a su manera, el 2 de marzo de 2011, en el Yerba Buena Center for the Arts de San Francisco, ya flaco y enfermo, cerr&#243; el lanzamiento del iPad 2 con una idea que repet&#237;a desde hac&#237;a a&#241;os: que en el ADN de Apple <em>&#8220;technology alone is not enough&#8221;</em>, que la tecnolog&#237;a sola no basta, que necesita casarse con las artes liberales y con las humanidades para ser significativa. Mientras sus competidores hablaban de procesadores y memoria, &#233;l hablaba de intuici&#243;n y creatividad. Ojo pues, que Jobs no era ni ingeniero, ni humanista, es m&#225;s, ten&#237;a remala fama de ser mala gente, adem&#225;s de que dej&#243; la universidad, para meterse de asistente a clases de caligraf&#237;a. Otro avi&#243;n que volvi&#243;, otro caso que no prueba nada por s&#237; solo. Lo que s&#237; prueba es que <strong>la frontera entre lo posible, lo significativo y lo simb&#243;lico se puede gerenciar.</strong></p><p>Pero si quieren ver esa frontera de cerca, con el polvo y el ruido de la oficina, tenemos que ir a otro lugar y a otro a&#241;o.</p><p>Esta historia la cuento cada que me preguntan qu&#233; hace un antrop&#243;logo metido en negocios. En 1979, los ejecutivos de Xerox ten&#237;an un problema con una fotocopiadora nueva, la 8200. Era una m&#225;quina sofisticada, llena de funciones y botones, dise&#241;ada por ingenieros brillantes, pero que la gente no la sab&#237;a usar, parec&#237;a haber sido dise&#241;ada para la NASA. Los clientes llamaban furiosos a soporte t&#233;cnico, porque se frustraban con tanto bot&#243;n y al final, se rend&#237;an. El problema termin&#243; en el <em>Palo Alto Research Center</em>, el famoso PARC, el mismo laboratorio donde nacieron el computador personal moderno, la interfaz gr&#225;fica y la impresora l&#225;ser.</p><p>Por esos pasillos andaba una estudiante de doctorado en antropolog&#237;a de Berkeley llamada <strong>Lucy Suchman</strong>. Hab&#237;a llegado a PARC casi por accidente y, seg&#250;n cuentan, ni siquiera hab&#237;a usado un computador. No era programadora, ni ingeniera, ni matem&#225;tica, era antrop&#243;loga. La hab&#237;an dejado entrar a PARC para estudiar c&#243;mo trabaja la gente en una oficina. Al llegar al lugar Suchman se obsesion&#243; con la fotocopiadora, al punto que convenci&#243; a Xerox para que le dejara instalar una en un cuarto de PARC, la rode&#243; de c&#225;maras de video y puso a parejas de personas a intentar hacer copias. Lo que ella vio cambi&#243; la manera como se dise&#241;an las m&#225;quinas para siempre.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b9ON!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4544173f-e354-41e1-93c8-1dff836dc255_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b9ON!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4544173f-e354-41e1-93c8-1dff836dc255_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b9ON!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4544173f-e354-41e1-93c8-1dff836dc255_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b9ON!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4544173f-e354-41e1-93c8-1dff836dc255_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b9ON!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4544173f-e354-41e1-93c8-1dff836dc255_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b9ON!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4544173f-e354-41e1-93c8-1dff836dc255_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b9ON!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4544173f-e354-41e1-93c8-1dff836dc255_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b9ON!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4544173f-e354-41e1-93c8-1dff836dc255_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b9ON!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4544173f-e354-41e1-93c8-1dff836dc255_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b9ON!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4544173f-e354-41e1-93c8-1dff836dc255_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Los ingenieros hab&#237;an dise&#241;ado la fotocopiadora suponiendo que la gente sigue planes: lee la instrucci&#243;n, la entiende, la ejecuta, pasa a la siguiente. Suchman document&#243; que no era as&#237;. <strong>La gente no ejecuta planes; improvisa en contexto.</strong> Interpreta, adivina, se equivoca, le habla a la m&#225;quina, la empuja, la patea, se r&#237;e, y vuelve atr&#225;s. El plan es apenas un recurso, no un guion. En 1987 public&#243; su tesis como libro, <em>Plans and Situated Actions</em> (obligatorio para todo antrop&#243;logo y mucho m&#225;s para ingenieros), ella le meti&#243; etnograf&#237;a a la interacci&#243;n humano-m&#225;quina, fue tal el &#233;xito que en 1989 cofund&#243; en PARC el grupo <em>Work Practice and Technology</em>, donde antrop&#243;logos e ingenieros trabajaban codo a codo.</p><p>Su trabajo ayud&#243; a que la etnograf&#237;a entrara a las empresas de dise&#241;o y tecnolog&#237;a, donde hoy conviven investigadores de usuarios, dise&#241;adores de servicio y <em>planners</em>: una paradoja, llamar <em>planner</em> a quienes desmontaron el plan (les recomiendo ver este video de uno de los fundadores de IDEO, en el foro mundial de creatividad del 2008, es una joya, si tienen m&#225;s inter&#233;s en el tema).</p><div id="youtube2-VeXO1gQJ__M" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;VeXO1gQJ__M&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/VeXO1gQJ__M?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>F&#237;jense en la simetr&#237;a del tema con Wald. Los ingenieros de Xerox estaban contando los agujeros equivocados, concentrados en mirar la m&#225;quina, sus funciones, sus especificaciones. Suchman mir&#243; donde no hab&#237;a nada que medir: la cara de la persona frente al bot&#243;n verde. <strong>A la fotocopiadora no le fallaba el motor; le fallaba la experiencia</strong>, ese encuentro, que no aparece en ning&#250;n plano t&#233;cnico, el lugar exacto donde hab&#237;a que poner el blindaje.</p><p><strong>Juntemos los Puntos</strong></p><p>Si me quedo ah&#237;, esta Toma se convertir&#237;a en otro carrusel, pero con mejores fuentes. As&#237; que vamos a conectar la tesis.</p><p>Hoy el caso m&#225;s inc&#243;modo para cualquiera que quiera usar a los humanistas como bandera es <strong>Alex Karp</strong>. Karp estudi&#243; en Haverford, un <em>college</em> de artes liberales, despu&#233;s hizo derecho en Stanford y luego se fue a Frankfurt, donde en 2002 se doctor&#243; en teor&#237;a social con una tesis sobre la agresi&#243;n en el <em>mundo de la vida</em>, ese concepto que la escuela de Habermas convirti&#243; en religi&#243;n (aqu&#237; no me den palo por citar a Habermas, no lo traigo a colaci&#243;n por sus posturas pol&#237;ticas, sino por sus ideas cient&#237;ficas). Disl&#233;xico, sin formaci&#243;n t&#233;cnica ni de negocios, cofund&#243; Palantir con Peter Thiel, que a su vez estudi&#243; filosof&#237;a en Stanford (otro humanista). En 2024 fue el CEO mejor pagado de una empresa p&#250;blica en Estados Unidos, <em>The Economist</em> lo nombr&#243; CEO del a&#241;o.</p><p>Con este par de locos, &#191;gana el carrusel de los humanistas? No tan r&#225;pido, amigos. Karp es la prueba de que un humanista puede dirigir una de las empresas de tecnolog&#237;a m&#225;s poderosas del planeta, &#161;s&#237;! Pero Palantir no se volvi&#243; Palantir por la teor&#237;a social de Karp, se volvi&#243; Palantir porque meti&#243; ingenieros dentro de las organizaciones de sus clientes, los meti&#243; al barro, a entender c&#243;mo trabajaba de verdad la gente que iba a usar el software, puso a los ingenieros a hacer etnograf&#237;a. Lo que Palantir vende no es filosof&#237;a, es <strong>ingenier&#237;a con trabajo de campo usando antropolog&#237;a</strong>. En el fondo, es la misma Suchman con el presupuesto de un departamento de defensa. El humanista hace las preguntas, y los ingenieros en terreno desarrollan la respuesta.</p><p>Y en sentido contrario, &#161;&#161;s&#237;!! Como nuestra reina&#8230; est&#225;n los casos inversos. Satya Nadella estudi&#243; ingenier&#237;a el&#233;ctrica en la India y ciencias de la computaci&#243;n en Estados Unidos. Cuando tom&#243; Microsoft en 2014, la empresa ten&#237;a fama de ser una colecci&#243;n de feudos que se apu&#241;alaban entre s&#237;. Nadella escribi&#243; un libro, <em>Hit Refresh</em>, en el que la palabra que m&#225;s pesa no es nube ni c&#243;digo, sino <em>empat&#237;a</em> (pero no empat&#237;a pol&#237;ticamente correcta, ojo con eso). Le dio la vuelta a la cultura de la compa&#241;&#237;a, un ingeniero con gafas de antrop&#243;logo.</p><p>Entonces, <strong>el asunto no es el diploma; sino el biling&#252;ismo.</strong> Las empresas m&#225;s grandes del mundo de la tecnolog&#237;a, son aquellas que saben hablar ingenier&#237;a/antropolog&#237;a. Los l&#237;deres que est&#225;n moviendo la aguja hablan ambos idiomas. El de lo que se puede construir y el de lo que la gente va a hacer con lo construido. A unos les toc&#243; aprender el segundo idioma despu&#233;s de graduarse, a otros el primero. Lo que no funciona es el monoling&#252;ismo, ni el ingeniero que cree que la gente es un <em>bug</em>, ni el humanista que cree que el c&#243;digo es un detalle de implementaci&#243;n.</p><p><strong>Del Producto A La Consecuencia</strong></p><p>Ahora s&#237;, la pregunta mamelluda, como dir&#237;an en la costa colombiana. Durante dos siglos, la escasez de la econom&#237;a industrial estuvo en la producci&#243;n. Lo dif&#237;cil era fabricar: el telar, la locomotora, el chip, el software. Quien sab&#237;a fabricar, mandaba, y por eso ten&#237;a sentido que los ingenieros llegaran a la cima. La Escuela de Minas de Medell&#237;n, fundada en 1887, no form&#243; solo mineros: form&#243; buena parte de la clase empresarial e industrial antioque&#241;a del siglo XX, yo mismo pas&#233; por ah&#237;, soy un amago de ingeniero, por eso creo hablar ambos idiomas. <strong>Los ingenieros eran los sacerdotes de una &#233;poca en la que construir era milagro.</strong></p><p>Ese milagro se est&#225; abaratando a una velocidad que da v&#233;rtigo. Yo lo vivo en carne propia: hoy opero XCOUTER pr&#225;cticamente solo, con Claude Code como compa&#241;ero de inmersi&#243;n, y construyo en semanas lo que hace diez a&#241;os me hubiera exigido un equipo de desarrollo y un a&#241;o de n&#243;mina. No lo digo por presumir; lo digo porque es una se&#241;al d&#233;bil que ya no es tan d&#233;bil, porque se ha ido fortaleciendo. <strong>Cuando el c&#243;digo se vuelve barato, el cuello de botella se muda a otro espectro del negocio.</strong> Ya la magia no est&#225; en hacer las m&#225;quinas. Est&#225; en que la gente las quiera, las entienda, conf&#237;e en ellas, las adopte sin romper lo que funcionaba y no termine us&#225;ndolas para lo que nadie las dise&#241;&#243;.</p><p>Los sapos (se&#241;ales d&#233;biles) ya est&#225;n saltando fuera del charco. Los laboratorios de inteligencia artificial copiaron el modelo de Palantir y hoy contratan ingenieros desplegados en terreno para acompa&#241;ar a los clientes, porque descubrieron que un modelo brillante que nadie sabe integrar no vende. Las juntas directivas inventaron el cargo de <em>Chief AI Officer</em>, que en la mayor&#237;a de los casos es menos un cargo t&#233;cnico que uno de traducci&#243;n y gobierno. La regulaci&#243;n de la IA en Europa ya les exige a las empresas documentar riesgos humanos, no solo tiempos de respuesta. Daniela Amodei, presidenta de Anthropic, estudi&#243; literatura inglesa. Mustafa Suleyman, nombrado en 2024 al frente de Microsoft AI, dej&#243; la carrera de filosof&#237;a y teolog&#237;a en Oxford a los diecinueve a&#241;os. Ninguno de estos datos prueba la tesis, porque ya aprendimos con Wald a desconfiar de los aviones que vuelven. Pero juntos dibujan una tendencia: <strong>las preguntas que deciden el valor de una empresa tecnol&#243;gica se est&#225;n volviendo m&#225;s preguntas sobre humanos, que preguntas sobre c&#243;digo.</strong></p><p>Desde la antropolog&#237;a esto tiene nombre viejo. Toda tecnolog&#237;a que entra en una sociedad produce consecuencias que sus creadores no dise&#241;aron: el carro invent&#243; los suburbios, el celular invent&#243; la ansiedad del visto, las redes sociales inventaron al influenciador. Durante dos siglos, esas consecuencias se dejaron al Estado, a los periodistas, a los acad&#233;micos y, al final, a las v&#237;ctimas. Lo que est&#225; cambiando es que la velocidad de la IA ya no deja ese margen. <strong>Una empresa que despliega agentes aut&#243;nomos en millones de casas no puede esperar a que un antrop&#243;logo escriba un libro diez a&#241;os despu&#233;s para saber qu&#233; hizo.</strong> Tiene que entenderlo antes, dise&#241;arlo durante y gobernarlo despu&#233;s. Eso no es filantrop&#237;a ni correcci&#243;n pol&#237;tica: es gesti&#243;n de riesgo, es ventaja competitiva y es supervivencia del negocio.</p><p>Ah&#237; es donde el <em>Service Design</em> deja de ser un taller de <em>post-its</em> de colores y se vuelve infraestructura. Dise&#241;ar el servicio completo, no solo el producto; mapear el viaje de la persona, no solo el flujo de datos; prever d&#243;nde se rompe la confianza antes de que se rompa. <strong>Es blindar donde no hay agujeros todav&#237;a.</strong></p><p><strong>Cuatro Cabinas Para 2040</strong></p><p>Ahora viajaremos al futuro, cierren los ojos y viajemos a 2040. Imaginen cuatro empresas tecnol&#243;gicas distintas, cuatro cabinas desde donde alguien pilotea. No s&#233; cu&#225;l va a ganar; s&#233; que las cuatro ya tienen las semillas sembradas hoy.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODa_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODa_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODa_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODa_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODa_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODa_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2683174,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/222060404?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODa_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODa_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODa_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODa_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a19d69-a0d4-4f53-86cb-3c2ac1a84129_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En la primera cabina se sienta <strong>el Ingeniero Biling&#252;e</strong>. Es el escenario m&#225;s plausible y el m&#225;s aburrido, lo cual en futurismo suele ser una virtud. El CEO sigue viniendo de las carreras t&#233;cnicas, pero ninguna junta directiva lo contrata si no demuestra que sabe leer culturas, contextos y comportamientos. Las facultades de ingenier&#237;a, que se dieron cuenta tarde, meten etnograf&#237;a y ciencias del comportamiento en el p&#233;nsum como antes metieron c&#225;lculo. El indicador a vigilar es simple: cu&#225;ntos programas de ingenier&#237;a exigen trabajo de campo con usuarios reales para graduarse.</p><p>La segunda cabina es la del <strong>Traductor</strong>. Ah&#237; la tesis del carrusel se vuelve realidad, pero por las razones correctas: como la IA hace buena parte de la ingenier&#237;a rutinaria, el valor escaso es entender mercados, culturas, regulaciones y miedos. Los CEOs de las empresas de IA aplicada vienen del dise&#241;o, la antropolog&#237;a, la psicolog&#237;a, el derecho. No reemplazan a los ingenieros; los dirigen hacia problemas que valen la pena. El riesgo de esta cabina es el humanista monoling&#252;e, que habla bonito de la condici&#243;n humana y no entiende por qu&#233; el sistema se cae los viernes.</p><p>La tercera es la m&#225;s interesante para m&#237;: <strong>el Gobernador de Agentes</strong>. En esta empresa, el trabajo del CEO ya no es producir, porque la producci&#243;n la hacen flotas de agentes de IA coordinados. Su trabajo es decidir qu&#233; se le permite hacer a esas flotas, con qui&#233;n, hasta d&#243;nde y con qu&#233; consecuencias. El organigrama tiene un consejo de consecuencias al lado de la junta, con antrop&#243;logos, ingenieros de seguridad, abogados y operadores sentados en la misma mesa. <strong>La pregunta ya no es &#8220;&#191;qu&#233; podemos construir?&#8221; sino &#8220;&#191;qu&#233; estamos dispuestos a que esto le haga a la gente?&#8221;</strong></p><p>La cuarta es el comod&#237;n, la cabina vac&#237;a: <strong>el CEO Sint&#233;tico</strong>. Una junta, en alg&#250;n lugar del mundo, decide que las decisiones operativas las tome un sistema de IA, y deja a los humanos solo la legitimidad, el sentido y la cara frente a los clientes. Suena a ciencia ficci&#243;n, pero recuerden que hace veinte a&#241;os tambi&#233;n sonaba a ciencia ficci&#243;n que una m&#225;quina operara sola y tomara decisiones sin supervisi&#243;n. Si esa cabina se llena, el papel humano en la cima queda reducido a lo que ninguna m&#225;quina puede firmar: <strong>la responsabilidad y el significado.</strong> Esas dos, curiosamente, son dos materias esenciales para las ciencias sociales.</p><p>Noten que en las cuatro cabinas pasa lo mismo: el centro de gravedad se corre de la m&#225;quina hacia sus consecuencias. Lo que va a cambiar es qui&#233;n llevar&#225; el tim&#243;n.</p><p><strong>Colombia | El Doctor, el Ingeniero y el Antrop&#243;logo</strong></p><p>Traigamos esto a nuestro patio, porque los colombianos tenemos una relaci&#243;n muy particular con los diplomas. En nuestras familias, el t&#237;tulo de ingeniero se pronuncia con may&#250;scula, y al ingeniero le dicen &#8220;doctor&#8221; aunque no tenga doctorado. Al que estudia antropolog&#237;a, en cambio, le hacen la pregunta de rigor en la primera Navidad: <em>&#8220;&#191;Y eso con qu&#233; se come?&#8221;</em>. Muchos nos hemos pasado la vida contest&#225;ndola. Yo termin&#233; contest&#225;ndola fundando empresas, escribiendo libros y haciendo FUTOPIX.</p><p>La iron&#237;a es que Colombia tiene una ventaja que no est&#225; sabiendo cobrar. Somos un pa&#237;s donde el contexto lo es todo, donde la misma tecnolog&#237;a funciona en Bogot&#225; y fracasa en Quibd&#243;, donde un servicio digital tiene que convivir con la informalidad, la desconfianza institucional, la abuela que no sabe usar la clave din&#225;mica y el vecino que vende minutos en la esquina. <strong>Quien aprende a dise&#241;ar tecnolog&#237;a para la complejidad colombiana aprende a dise&#241;arla para casi cualquier lugar del mundo.</strong> Esa es una competencia exportable, y la tenemos regada en universidades p&#250;blicas, en agencias de investigaci&#243;n de mercados, en consultor&#237;as que nadie mira o que muchos desprecian porque sufrimos del s&#237;ndrome de los ojos azules (a m&#237; s&#237; que me pas&#243; esto, tal vez una de las razones por las que me dicen llor&#243;n).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bhsH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bhsH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bhsH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bhsH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bhsH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bhsH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2764979,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/222060404?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bhsH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bhsH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bhsH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bhsH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23957765-4482-4d6e-9658-2fa4df7e2290_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Si el pr&#243;ximo gran CEO del mundo no necesariamente ser&#225; ingeniero, el pr&#243;ximo gran CEO latinoamericano podr&#237;a ser alguien capaz de entender por qu&#233; la gente desconf&#237;a, negocia, improvisa y se reinventa todos los d&#237;as. Es decir, alguien que pase por el campo antes que por la oficina. En esto, el pa&#237;s del rebusque tiene m&#225;s horas de vuelo que Silicon Valley.</p><p><strong>Blindar Donde No Hay Agujeros</strong></p><p>Volvamos al apartamento de Harlem. Abraham Wald nunca supo mucho de aviones; sab&#237;a de probabilidades. Su genialidad no fue t&#233;cnica en el sentido estricto: fue mirar el problema desde donde nadie lo estaba mirando, desde la ausencia. <strong>Wald era un matem&#225;tico haciendo el trabajo de un antrop&#243;logo: preguntando por los que no estaban en la foto.</strong> Aqu&#237; les pago la deuda que les dej&#233; con Bateson. Lo que hizo Wald fue encontrar una diferencia, la que hab&#237;a entre los aviones que volvieron y los que se quedaron en el camino. <strong>Esa diferencia fue la idea.</strong> Suchman hizo lo mismo con la fotocopiadora: vio la diferencia entre el plan de los ingenieros y lo que la gente hac&#237;a de verdad frente a la m&#225;quina. Ah&#237; est&#225; el ciclo <em>Pensar / Hacer</em>. El ingeniero monoling&#252;e se queda en el primer dibujo, el &#225;rbol perfecto con cada hoja en su lugar. Quien piensa en categor&#237;as llega al manzano. El l&#237;der biling&#252;e es el que alcanza a pintar el bosque tropical, con sus relaciones, sus plagas, sus lluvias y la gente que vive debajo.</p><p>Las empresas tecnol&#243;gicas de hoy se parecen a esos oficiales de 1943. Inspeccionan con lupa lo que regresa: los <em>benchmarks</em>, la velocidad de los modelos, las l&#237;neas de c&#243;digo, las m&#233;tricas del tablero y blindan ah&#237;. Mientras tanto, los aviones caen por tiros que no aparecen en ning&#250;n informe: la confianza que se pierde, el empleado que deja de entender su trabajo, el usuario que se siente vigilado, la comunidad que se organiza en contra, la consecuencia que nadie dise&#241;&#243;. <strong>Los motores de la pr&#243;xima d&#233;cada no est&#225;n en la tecnolog&#237;a. Est&#225;n en la gente que la va a usar, y esos agujeros solo los ve quien sabe mirar lo que no est&#225;.</strong></p><p>No s&#233; si el pr&#243;ximo gran CEO ser&#225; ingeniero, antrop&#243;logo, dise&#241;ador o un bicho raro que estudi&#243; todo a la vez, tal vez un robot. Lo que s&#237; s&#233; es que va a tener que hacer lo que hizo Wald con un l&#225;piz y lo que hizo Suchman con una c&#225;mara de video: <strong>observar en el sentido estricto de la palabra donde no hay agujeros, para tener el coraje de recomendar blindar ah&#237;.</strong></p><p>La buena noticia es que esa competencia no se hereda con el diploma. Se entrena, se puede empezar esta misma semana, solo basta salir de la comodidad del escritorio para hacer la mejor encuesta de todas, como dec&#237;a Horacio Serpa, la encuesta de carne y hueso.</p><p><strong>El futuro no es de quien construye lo que es posible. Es de quien entiende lo que lo posible le hace a la gente.</strong></p><p><strong>Tarea para la semana:</strong> escojan una tecnolog&#237;a que usen todos los d&#237;as en su trabajo y preg&#250;ntense d&#243;nde est&#225;n sus &#8220;aviones que no volvieron&#8221;: qui&#233;n la dej&#243; de usar, qui&#233;n nunca la entendi&#243;, qui&#233;n sali&#243; perjudicado sin aparecer en ning&#250;n reporte. Escr&#237;banlo en su <em>diario de campo</em>.</p><p>Resp&#243;ndanme en los comentarios la pregunta de la semana:</p><p><strong>&#191;Cu&#225;l es el agujero que tu empresa no est&#225; viendo?</strong></p><p>Si esta Toma te dej&#243; pensando, comp&#225;rtela con ese amigo ingeniero que cree que la gente es un error de usuario y con esa amiga soci&#243;loga que cree que el c&#243;digo es para otros. Los dos la necesitan, y ojal&#225; se tomen un caf&#233; juntos.</p><p>FUTOPIX | Futurismo para gente despierta. Si llegaste hasta aqu&#237; y todav&#237;a no te has suscrito, hazlo: es gratis, es un clic, y lo escribe un antrop&#243;logo que todav&#237;a est&#225; contando los aviones que no volvieron.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>&#161;Gracias por leer y compartir!</strong></h4><h4><strong>GabrielBedoya.com</strong></h4><div><hr></div><h3><strong>INFOGR&#193;FICO</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWCj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWCj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWCj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWCj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWCj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWCj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png" width="1024" height="1536" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1536,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2220952,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/222060404?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWCj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWCj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWCj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWCj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F010d9ed1-eb1a-4902-8e1c-6f721b3d3f04_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>FUENTES</strong></h3><p>&#183; Abraham Wald, &#8220;A Method of Estimating Plane Vulnerability Based on Damage of Survivors&#8221;, Statistical Research Group, Columbia University, 1943 (reimpreso como Center for Naval Analyses Research Contribution 432, 1980)</p><p>&#183; Marc Mangel y Francisco Samaniego, &#8220;Abraham Wald&#8217;s Work on Aircraft Survivability&#8221;, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1984</p><p>&#183; Bill Casselman, &#8220;The Legend of Abraham Wald&#8221;, American Mathematical Society Feature Column, 2016</p><p>&#183; W. Allen Wallis, &#8220;The Statistical Research Group, 1942&#8211;1945&#8221;, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1980</p><p>&#183; Patricia Flynn y Michael Quinn, &#8220;Economics: A Good Choice of Major for Future CEOs&#8221; (CEOs del S&amp;P 500 en 2004), The American Economist, 2010</p><p>&#183; &#8220;A Study of S&amp;P 500 CEOs in 2005&#8221;, Journal of Business &amp; Economics Research, 2010</p><p>&#183; &#8220;Success beyond STEM: an analysis of educational background of the Fortune 50 CEOs&#8221;, Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 2021</p><p>&#183; Steve Jobs, evento de lanzamiento del iPad 2, San Francisco, 2 de marzo de 2011</p><p>&#183; Lucy Suchman, Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication, Cambridge University Press, 1987, y Human-Machine Reconfigurations, 2007</p><p>&#183; Perfil de Lucy Suchman, Lancaster University</p><p>&#183; Alexander C. Karp, Aggression in der Lebenswelt, Goethe-Universit&#228;t Frankfurt, 2002</p><p>&#183; Alexander C. Karp y Nicholas W. Zamiska, The Technological Republic, 2025</p><p>&#183; The Economist, CEO del a&#241;o 2024</p><p>&#183; Satya Nadella, Hit Refresh, 2017</p><p>&#183; Gregory Bateson, Pasos hacia una ecolog&#237;a de la mente, Lohl&#233;, 1976 (Steps to an Ecology of Mind, 1972)</p><p>&#183; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medell&#237;n, sobre la historia de la Escuela Nacional de Minas (1887)</p><p>&#183; Perfiles p&#250;blicos de Daniela Amodei (Anthropic) y Mustafa Suleyman (Microsoft AI, 2024)</p><p>&#183; Reglamento (UE) 2024/1689 de Inteligencia Artificial</p><p><em>Nota: La versi&#243;n popular del avi&#243;n punteado de Wald es una ilustraci&#243;n posterior; sus memorandos originales son t&#233;cnicos y no incluyen recomendaciones expl&#237;citas a los militares.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La guerra de los símbolos]]></title><description><![CDATA[FUTOPIX Video &#183; Toma 01: memes, marcas y pol&#237;tica en la batalla por tu atenci&#243;n, y tres estrategias para defenderte.]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/la-guerra-de-los-simbolos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/la-guerra-de-los-simbolos</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 24 Oct 2026 02:40:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/221863750/683003e0f28fe32939dedac2336dff28.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>&#9646; FUTOPIX VIDEO &#183; TRANSMISI&#211;N 01</strong></p><p>Esto es <strong>FUTOPIX en video</strong>: antropolog&#237;a, dise&#241;o y tecnolog&#237;a para entender el futuro desde el presente. Cada toma es una transmisi&#243;n desde el futuro cercano, contada sin miedo y sin humo.</p><div><hr></div><h2>De qu&#233; trata esta toma</h2><p>&#191;Por qu&#233; una gorra roja, una motosierra o un <em>pumpkin spice latte</em> pueden mover a millones de personas? En esta primera transmisi&#243;n en video, el antrop&#243;logo y futurista Gabriel Bedoya explica <strong>la guerra de los s&#237;mbolos</strong>: c&#243;mo marcas, pol&#237;ticos y algoritmos compiten por tu atenci&#243;n con memes, rituales y narrativas, por qu&#233; esa batalla cultural tiene efectos reales en la vida cotidiana, y qu&#233; puedes hacer para no ser solo un espectador.</p><h3>Cap&#237;tulos</h3><ul><li><p>00:00 &#183; Apertura</p></li><li><p>01:29 &#183; El evento que parec&#237;a un culto</p></li><li><p>02:30 &#183; &#191;Qu&#233; es la cultura?</p></li><li><p>03:44 &#183; La guerra que no ves</p></li><li><p>05:23 &#183; Marcas vs. pol&#237;ticos</p></li><li><p>06:56 &#183; La cadena de valor de la batalla cultural</p></li><li><p>08:23 &#183; Eficacia simb&#243;lica</p></li><li><p>09:39 &#183; C&#243;mo defendernos</p></li><li><p>11:06 &#183; T&#250; decides c&#243;mo luchas</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p><strong>Si esta toma te hizo pensar, comp&#225;rtela con alguien que siga despierto.</strong></p><p>Suscr&#237;bete a FUTOPIX Video para recibir la pr&#243;xima transmisi&#243;n, y lee las tomas escritas en <a href="https://www.futopix.com/archive">el archivo de FUTOPIX</a>.</p><p><em>FUTOPIX es futurismo para gente despierta. Por Gabriel Bedoya.</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/p/la-guerra-de-los-simbolos?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.futopix.com/p/la-guerra-de-los-simbolos?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.futopix.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La Paradoja De Fermi | FUTOPIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[TOMA 54 | El Cuarto Oscuro...]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/la-paradoja-de-fermi-futopix</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/la-paradoja-de-fermi-futopix</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 18 Oct 2026 10:00:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SjDr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f552751-4112-4e3a-949d-2563c60579f0_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>La Paradoja de Fermi | El Gran Filtro y el Arte de no Apagarse</strong></h3><p>Me gusta mucho la astronom&#237;a, tambi&#233;n la astrof&#237;sica, &#161;y la ciencia ficci&#243;n mucho m&#225;s! Cuando era ni&#241;o vi a mi pap&#225; leyendo un libro de Charles Berlitz: <em>El Tri&#225;ngulo de las Bermudas</em> (1974). No s&#233; si mi viejo lo termin&#243; de leer; lo que s&#237; s&#233; es que yo s&#237;. Siendo apenas un p&#225;rvulo, ese libro me vol&#243; la cabeza. Luego encontr&#233; en la biblioteca de la escuela otro: <em>Regreso a las estrellas</em>, de Erich von D&#228;niken (1969). De ese tengo un recuerdo especial: me met&#237; en tremendo l&#237;o porque nunca lo devolv&#237;. Ese libro me dej&#243; mucho m&#225;s loco; creo que no ten&#237;a diez a&#241;os cuando lo le&#237; por primera vez, y lo rele&#237; por lo menos seis veces. Despu&#233;s, a trav&#233;s de un compa&#241;ero del colegio, lleg&#243; a mis manos <em>Yo visit&#233; Gan&#237;medes</em>, de Yosip Ibrahim (1972). De ah&#237; en adelante no par&#233; de leer sobre extraterrestres y ciencia ficci&#243;n del espacio, y Carl Sagan se convirti&#243; en mi h&#233;roe. Llegu&#233; a tal nivel de obsesi&#243;n que no me gustaba ni un poquito lo que me ense&#241;aban en la escuela: yo quer&#237;a que los profes me hablaran de las pir&#225;mides de Egipto, de los planetas, de las estrellas y de los extraterrestres. Creo que por eso me convert&#237; en lo que hoy soy: <strong>un brujo con diploma</strong>, como dicen muchos de mis amigos.</p><p>He escrito algunas Tomas sobre estos temas, unas m&#225;s disimuladas que otras. A veces los he tocado de forma tangencial, y otras he ido de frente, como en las historias de <em>Axtar, el Ni&#241;o de Ori&#243;n</em>, que tambi&#233;n pueden leer en Substack. Infelizmente, todav&#237;a no fabricamos tiempo, y eso es lo que me hace falta para escribir m&#225;s historias del Ni&#241;o de Ori&#243;n.</p><p>Cuando era adolescente me gustaba m&#225;s la revista <em>Muy Interesante</em> que la <em>Playboy</em>. Me las quer&#237;a leer todas, y como no ten&#237;a plata para comprarlas, me iba a las farmacias o al LEY a leerlas a escondidas de los vigilantes, que m&#225;s de una vez casi me sacan a las patadas. En esa revista conoc&#237; a Arthur C. Clarke y a Isaac Asimov. Esos manes me llevaron al punto de no retorno.</p><p>Viv&#237; d&#233;cadas aparentando ser un futurista domado. Ya muy entrado en la adultez, me mam&#233; de que me dijeran so&#241;ador, idealista, iluso, perdedor&#8230; Entonces, un d&#237;a, me di cuenta de que no necesitaba pelear contra mi esencia, que lo m&#237;o era <strong>so&#241;ar con los ojos bien abiertos</strong>, y como no ten&#237;a telescopios en los que apoyarme, resolv&#237; ver el futuro a trav&#233;s de los ojos de la antropolog&#237;a y el dise&#241;o.</p><p>Me vale mond&#225; si las acciones suben o bajan. Aunque soy un inversionista en ciernes, no dejo que mi mundo gire alrededor del dinero: para m&#237; la vida es mucho m&#225;s que tener una cuenta gorda en el banco o en la billetera de cripto. Por eso no me pidan consejos de inversi&#243;n, porque siempre que los doy salen mal; ya me he ganado m&#225;s de un <em>hater</em> por hablar de m&#225;s sobre d&#243;nde poner la plata.</p><p>Yo me pregunto otras cosas. &#191;Por qu&#233; estamos aqu&#237;? &#191;Para qu&#233;? &#191;Por qu&#233; vemos la vida como si fu&#233;ramos actores en una pel&#237;cula? &#191;Por qu&#233; estamos en este planeta? Y, sobre todo, &#191;por qu&#233; todav&#237;a no hemos hecho contacto con civilizaciones de otros mundos? Mejor dicho, me meto en unos l&#237;os existenciales que ni les cuento.</p><p>Ahora les voy a hacer una confesi&#243;n de futurista: hay una pregunta que me quita el sue&#241;o m&#225;s que cualquier encuesta sobre IA, m&#225;s que cualquier crisis de mercado y m&#225;s que el precio del bitcoin, del petr&#243;leo o del d&#243;lar. Es una pregunta de pocas palabras y, por lo poco o mucho que he le&#237;do, no soy el primero que se la hace: tambi&#233;n se la han hecho cient&#237;ficos, fil&#243;sofos y maestros ascendidos. Tal vez el m&#225;s famoso de todos fue Enrico Fermi, un f&#237;sico italiano que un d&#237;a, almorzando con unos compa&#241;eros de trabajo en una cafeter&#237;a de Nuevo M&#233;xico, solt&#243;: <em><strong>&#191;D&#243;nde est&#225; todo el mundo?</strong></em></p><p>Durante toda mi existencia en este planeta me he le&#237;do una pila de libros sobre el tema, haci&#233;ndome la misma pregunta. Setenta y seis a&#241;os despu&#233;s de Fermi, nadie ha podido responderla. El asunto es tan complicado que <strong>cada vez que alguien intenta responderla en serio, las respuestas terminan diciendo m&#225;s de nosotros que de los extraterrestres.</strong></p><p>Hagamos unas cuentas. Seg&#250;n los astr&#243;nomos, la V&#237;a L&#225;ctea tiene entre cien mil y cuatrocientos mil millones de estrellas. Miles de millones de ellas son m&#225;s viejas que nuestro sol por cinco, seis y hasta ocho mil millones de a&#241;os. Hoy tambi&#233;n sabemos que los planetas rocosos en las famosas <em>zonas habitables</em> no son raros: est&#225;n por todas partes. Del estudio de los cometas y los meteoritos hemos aprendido que la qu&#237;mica de la vida est&#225; regada por la galaxia como el polvo en una finca abandonada. Desde esta perspectiva, si nuestras mediciones est&#225;n bien, deber&#237;amos estar rodeados de vecinos, sus se&#241;ales deber&#237;an inundar todas las frecuencias y por lo menos una que otra sonda ajena tendr&#237;a que haber pasado por aqu&#237; hace millones de a&#241;os.</p><p><strong>Si la astrof&#237;sica dice que deber&#237;amos estar rodeados, &#191;por qu&#233; los telescopios dicen que estamos solos?</strong> De eso les quiero hablar hoy: &#191;d&#243;nde est&#225;n todos?</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfIw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3760f1e-0c86-4e99-a603-dd8b23cd6138_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfIw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3760f1e-0c86-4e99-a603-dd8b23cd6138_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfIw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3760f1e-0c86-4e99-a603-dd8b23cd6138_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfIw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3760f1e-0c86-4e99-a603-dd8b23cd6138_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfIw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3760f1e-0c86-4e99-a603-dd8b23cd6138_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfIw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3760f1e-0c86-4e99-a603-dd8b23cd6138_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfIw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3760f1e-0c86-4e99-a603-dd8b23cd6138_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfIw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3760f1e-0c86-4e99-a603-dd8b23cd6138_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfIw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3760f1e-0c86-4e99-a603-dd8b23cd6138_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfIw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3760f1e-0c86-4e99-a603-dd8b23cd6138_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Los &#193;lamos | Verano De 1950</strong></p><p>En el verano de 1950, Los &#193;lamos, Nuevo M&#233;xico, era apenas un caser&#237;o en medio de la nada: un rec&#243;ndito laboratorio con casas alrededor, sembrado en una meseta des&#233;rtica donde cinco a&#241;os antes se hab&#237;a fabricado la bomba at&#243;mica. Por el comedor de ese laboratorio caminaba <strong>Enrico Fermi</strong>, de cuarenta y ocho a&#241;os, con calvicie prematura y la sonrisa del profesor que ya sabe las respuestas.</p><p>Fermi no era el t&#237;pico f&#237;sico. En 1938 viaj&#243; a Estocolmo a recibir el Nobel y nunca regres&#243; a Italia: su esposa, Laura, era jud&#237;a, y las leyes raciales de Mussolini acababan de convertir a su familia en extranjera dentro de su propia patria. Como tantos cient&#237;ficos que huyeron del fascismo y del nazismo, lleg&#243; a Nueva York con el premio en el bolsillo y lo poco que le quedaba de vida metido en una maleta. Cuatro a&#241;os despu&#233;s, el 2 de diciembre de 1942, bajo las grader&#237;as de un estadio abandonado de la Universidad de Chicago, encendi&#243; el primer reactor nuclear de la historia. Ese man era tan raro que ese mismo d&#237;a, seg&#250;n cuentan los testigos, interrumpi&#243; el experimento porque era la hora de almorzar. Como buen italiano, las grandes preguntas de Fermi siempre tuvieron algo que ver con la comida.</p><p>El verdadero superpoder de este cient&#237;fico loco no eran las pastas. Fermi pod&#237;a estimar cualquier cosa con un l&#225;piz y un par de suposiciones razonables. A sus alumnos los pon&#237;a a calcular cu&#225;ntos afinadores de piano hab&#237;a en Chicago, y los dejaba horas razonando hasta que llegaban a una cifra sensata. El 16 de julio de 1945, en la prueba de la primera detonaci&#243;n nuclear, a la que llamaron <em>Trinity</em>, mientras los dem&#225;s se proteg&#237;an los ojos, &#233;l dej&#243; caer unos papelitos al paso de la onda expansiva, midi&#243; cu&#225;nto se desplazaban y calcul&#243; la potencia de la explosi&#243;n en unos diez kilotones. La medici&#243;n oficial dio alrededor del doble. El man era tan teso que, <strong>con un pu&#241;ado de papel picado, le atin&#243; al orden de magnitud de la bomba m&#225;s poderosa jam&#225;s construida.</strong> Hoy, a esos c&#225;lculos de servilleta se les conoce como <em>problemas de Fermi</em>.</p><p>Ahora viene la parte antropol&#243;gica del cuento. Ese verano, Fermi iba caminando al almuerzo con Edward Teller, Herbert York y Emil Konopinski. Ven&#237;an hablando de dos noticias que andaban rodando en la prensa de la &#233;poca: una ola de avistamientos de platillos voladores y una caricatura de Alan Dunn en <em>The New Yorker</em> que culpaba a los marcianos de la desaparici&#243;n de las canecas p&#250;blicas de basura en la Gran Manzana. Fermi coment&#243;, muerto de la risa, que era una teor&#237;a muy razonable, porque explicaba dos fen&#243;menos con una sola causa. Se sentaron, cambiaron de tema y, en medio del almuerzo, Fermi solt&#243; de la nada: <em>&#8220;But where is everybody?&#8221;</em>. Pero &#191;d&#243;nde est&#225;n todos?</p><p>Los dem&#225;s se rieron a carcajadas, menos &#233;l. Hab&#237;a hecho las cuentas mentalmente mientras caminaban al comedor, y las cuentas le dec&#237;an que algo no estaba bien. Guarden este detalle, porque vamos a volver a &#233;l: <strong>la pregunta m&#225;s profunda del siglo XX naci&#243; de un chiste sobre canecas de basura.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P9kh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa668a282-d633-4555-b3a2-b93cc05002a8_1321x1191.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P9kh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa668a282-d633-4555-b3a2-b93cc05002a8_1321x1191.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P9kh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa668a282-d633-4555-b3a2-b93cc05002a8_1321x1191.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P9kh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa668a282-d633-4555-b3a2-b93cc05002a8_1321x1191.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P9kh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa668a282-d633-4555-b3a2-b93cc05002a8_1321x1191.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P9kh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa668a282-d633-4555-b3a2-b93cc05002a8_1321x1191.png" width="1321" height="1191" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P9kh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa668a282-d633-4555-b3a2-b93cc05002a8_1321x1191.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P9kh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa668a282-d633-4555-b3a2-b93cc05002a8_1321x1191.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P9kh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa668a282-d633-4555-b3a2-b93cc05002a8_1321x1191.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P9kh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa668a282-d633-4555-b3a2-b93cc05002a8_1321x1191.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>La Galaxia Que Deber&#237;a Estar Llena</strong></h3><p>La escala del problema que plante&#243; Fermi comienza por nuestra propia galaxia: hasta cuatrocientos mil millones de estrellas en un disco de cien mil a&#241;os luz de di&#225;metro. Si empez&#225;ramos a contarlas a raz&#243;n de una por segundo, tendr&#237;amos que haber arrancado antes de que alguien sembrara la primera semilla del Neol&#237;tico, y hoy todav&#237;a no habr&#237;amos terminado.</p><p>La astronom&#237;a dice que el sol naci&#243; hace unos 4.600 millones de a&#241;os. Suena viej&#237;simo, pero a escala gal&#225;ctica es apenas un beb&#233;: las estrellas m&#225;s antiguas de la V&#237;a L&#225;ctea llevan m&#225;s de trece mil millones de a&#241;os encendidas. En el orden de magnitud del universo, unos cuantos millones de a&#241;os no son un margen significativo. La vida en la Tierra tard&#243; unos cuatro mil millones de a&#241;os en pasar del primer microbio a una especie capaz de partir el &#225;tomo. <strong>Si una civilizaci&#243;n hubiera nacido alrededor de una estrella m&#225;s vieja que la nuestra, aunque evolucionara a nuestra misma velocidad, habr&#237;a alcanzado la madurez tecnol&#243;gica antes de que apareciera la primera bacteria en nuestros oc&#233;anos.</strong></p><p>La ciencia dice que los mundos habitables no escasean. Con los datos del telescopio Kepler, que vigil&#243; m&#225;s de 150.000 estrellas entre 2009 y 2018, en 2013 se estim&#243; que m&#225;s o menos una de cada cinco estrellas parecidas al sol tiene un planeta del tama&#241;o de la Tierra en lo que se conoce como la <em>zona habitable</em>. Llevado a toda la galaxia, eso da unos 8.800 millones de mundos tipo Tierra. Si a esas cuentas les sumamos las estrellas conocidas como <em>enanas rojas</em>, que son much&#237;simas m&#225;s, la cifra salta a decenas de miles de millones. El inventario se vuelve bastante generoso.</p><p>Los ingredientes de la vida tampoco son exclusivos de la Tierra, para que se bajen de la nube quienes creen que somos la c&#250;spide de la creaci&#243;n. Se han encontrado mol&#233;culas org&#225;nicas complejas en nubes de gas interestelar, en las colas de los cometas y en los meteoritos. Los amino&#225;cidos se forman solos en el espacio y el agua es, tal vez, una de las mol&#233;culas m&#225;s comunes del universo. En pocas palabras: <strong>la galaxia es antigua, los planetas tipo Tierra abundan, la qu&#237;mica de la vida es com&#250;n y el tiempo sobra. Pero de lo que nos interesa, &#161;no hay nada!</strong></p><p>Ahora olvid&#233;monos de las se&#241;ales y pensemos en algo m&#225;s mundano: la mudanza. A partir de un an&#225;lisis que hizo otro loquito llamado Michael Hart en 1975, Frank Tipler, un f&#237;sico matem&#225;tico y cosm&#243;logo estadounidense, argument&#243; en 1980 que una civilizaci&#243;n no necesita viajar m&#225;s r&#225;pido que la luz para colonizar la galaxia entera. Le basta con algo mucho m&#225;s modesto: <em>sondas autorreplicantes</em>. La idea es mandar una nave rob&#243;tica a una estrella vecina al diez por ciento de la velocidad de la luz, con la tecnolog&#237;a necesaria para usar asteroides, cometas y polvo estelar como materia prima y fabricar copias de s&#237; misma. Hechas las copias, cada una sale con rumbo a otras estrellas.</p><p>La idea no es tan descabellada. Los invito a revisar los planes de SpaceX para Marte, que contemplan mandar primero naves sin tripulaci&#243;n, incluso con robots, a preparar la infraestructura antes de que lleguen los humanos. La autorreplicaci&#243;n generar&#237;a un crecimiento exponencial a escala interestelar: con la tecnolog&#237;a adecuada, los clones se regar&#237;an por toda la galaxia <strong>como la p&#243;lvora en una marranada.</strong> Y ojo, que no estoy hablando de <em>sci-fi</em>: el concepto tiene padrinos serios y con doctorado, empezando por el matem&#225;tico John von Neumann, que fue el primero en pensar en m&#225;quinas capaces de copiarse a s&#237; mismas. Por eso en el gremio se les dice <em>sondas de Von Neumann</em>.</p><p>Seg&#250;n los supuestos de Hart y Tipler, una sola oleada de esas sondas visitar&#237;a todas las estrellas de la V&#237;a L&#225;ctea en un plazo de entre unos pocos millones y unos cientos de millones de a&#241;os. Sigue sonando eterno para quienes vivimos en promedio ochenta a&#241;os, pero a escala gal&#225;ctica ese tiempo es un suspiro: las estimaciones m&#225;s lentas equivalen a un peque&#241;o porcentaje de la historia de la galaxia, y las m&#225;s r&#225;pidas, a menos del uno por ciento. <strong>Si una sola civilizaci&#243;n, en cualquier rinc&#243;n y en cualquier momento, hubiera soltado esas sondas, ya nos habr&#237;an tocado la puerta.</strong> Hasta ahora, oficialmente, nadie ha tocado el timbre.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JLr9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F362a7932-46d5-4fae-bc6b-c3343dbaa00e_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JLr9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F362a7932-46d5-4fae-bc6b-c3343dbaa00e_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JLr9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F362a7932-46d5-4fae-bc6b-c3343dbaa00e_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JLr9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F362a7932-46d5-4fae-bc6b-c3343dbaa00e_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JLr9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F362a7932-46d5-4fae-bc6b-c3343dbaa00e_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JLr9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F362a7932-46d5-4fae-bc6b-c3343dbaa00e_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JLr9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F362a7932-46d5-4fae-bc6b-c3343dbaa00e_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JLr9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F362a7932-46d5-4fae-bc6b-c3343dbaa00e_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JLr9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F362a7932-46d5-4fae-bc6b-c3343dbaa00e_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JLr9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F362a7932-46d5-4fae-bc6b-c3343dbaa00e_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Setenta y Cinco A&#241;os Pegados al Radio&#8230;</strong></h3><p>Los que me leyeron en la <a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-space-coast-colombia">Toma 36 | Space Coast Colombia</a> saben que desde mi escondite en Rockledge, Florida, he visto subir m&#225;s de un cohete, y que cada vez que uno se pierde entre las nubes me deja las mismas preguntas: &#191;all&#225; arriba, qui&#233;n nos estar&#225; mirando?</p><p>Escuchar el cielo con un radiotelescopio funciona con la misma l&#243;gica que mirarlo. Frank Drake ten&#237;a la corazonada de que alrededor de un par de estrellas cercanas al sol pod&#237;a haber alguien, as&#237; que en 1960 hizo la primera b&#250;squeda deliberada de se&#241;ales de radio provenientes del espacio. Convencido de su hip&#243;tesis, apunt&#243; la antena de Green Bank, en Virginia Occidental, a dos estrellas vecinas, Tau Ceti y &#201;psilon Eridani, y adivinen qu&#233; escuch&#243;. Nada de nada: profundo silencio.</p><p>El radiotelescopio Big Ear, de la Universidad Estatal de Ohio, barri&#243; el cielo durante los setenta. El 15 de agosto de 1977 registr&#243; una se&#241;al tan intensa que el astr&#243;nomo Jerry Ehman la encerr&#243; en un c&#237;rculo sobre la impresi&#243;n y escribi&#243; al margen: <em>Wow!</em> Dur&#243; setenta y dos segundos, ven&#237;a de la direcci&#243;n de Sagitario y ten&#237;a toda la pinta de ser una transmisi&#243;n artificial. Por un instante pareci&#243; que hab&#237;a sonado el timbre, pero nunca m&#225;s volvi&#243; a sonar. Cientos de observaciones posteriores de esa regi&#243;n no encontraron nada. <strong>La se&#241;al </strong><em><strong>Wow!</strong></em><strong> es el mensaje de WhatsApp m&#225;s famoso de la historia: nos dejaron en visto y nunca m&#225;s nos volvieron a escribir.</strong></p><p>Despu&#233;s llegaron los pesos pesados de la escucha espacial. <em>Breakthrough Listen</em>, un proyecto lanzado en 2015 con un presupuesto de cien millones de d&#243;lares, se puso la meta de escuchar el mill&#243;n de estrellas m&#225;s cercanas al sol, el plano de nuestra galaxia y las cien galaxias m&#225;s pr&#243;ximas, con la ayuda de los telescopios de Green Bank y Parkes. Hasta 2025 hab&#237;a revisado millones de sistemas estelares, y la respuesta sigue siendo la misma: silencio profundo. En 2020, un equipo australiano que trabajaba con el radiotelescopio <em>Murchison Widefield Array</em> public&#243; el rastreo de radio m&#225;s amplio de su tipo, apuntando hacia una regi&#243;n con m&#225;s de diez millones de estrellas. De nuevo, cero detecciones.</p><p>En 2015, otro estudio busc&#243; en unas cien mil galaxias el calor infrarrojo que delatar&#237;a a civilizaciones que estuvieran envolviendo sus estrellas con <em>esferas de Dyson</em>. S&#237;, s&#237;&#8230; esas de las que tanto hablan los que creen que la energ&#237;a, y no la conciencia, es el pr&#243;ximo paso en la evoluci&#243;n de las civilizaciones. Una vez m&#225;s&#8230; &#161;nada! Y la sonda espacial Gaia cartografi&#243; casi dos mil millones de estrellas sin una sola anomal&#237;a confirmada ni muestras de ingenier&#237;a a gran escala.</p><p>El episodio m&#225;s reciente es casi po&#233;tico. En julio de 2025, el objeto interestelar 3I/ATLAS entr&#243; a nuestro sistema solar: apenas el tercer visitante confirmado que viene de m&#225;s all&#225; de la influencia de nuestro sol. En diciembre, cerca de su m&#225;ximo acercamiento a la Tierra, <em>Breakthrough Listen</em> le apunt&#243; el telescopio de Green Bank buscando cualquier cosa que sonara artificial. No se detect&#243; ni una transmisi&#243;n, ni una baliza, ni un susurro. Solo hielo y polvo, de paso hacia el espacio interestelar, como un viajero haciendo escala en un aeropuerto para tomar otro vuelo. Esta vez los extraterrestres no se bajaron ni a comprar pandequesos.</p><p>El dato que m&#225;s me inquieta es este: <strong>con cada telescopio nuevo, el silencio no se llena. Se hace m&#225;s profundo.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8izA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eb60ba4-c6a4-444d-a35b-632dd3c6fbe2_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8izA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eb60ba4-c6a4-444d-a35b-632dd3c6fbe2_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8izA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eb60ba4-c6a4-444d-a35b-632dd3c6fbe2_1672x941.png 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8izA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eb60ba4-c6a4-444d-a35b-632dd3c6fbe2_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8izA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eb60ba4-c6a4-444d-a35b-632dd3c6fbe2_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8izA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eb60ba4-c6a4-444d-a35b-632dd3c6fbe2_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8izA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eb60ba4-c6a4-444d-a35b-632dd3c6fbe2_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>El Gran Filtro</strong></h3><p>A finales de los a&#241;os noventa, el economista Robin Hanson le puso nombre a la sospecha. Hanson argumenta que en alg&#250;n punto del camino entre un planeta habitable y una civilizaci&#243;n que se riega por la galaxia existe al menos un paso casi imposible, una barrera tan improbable o tan letal que pr&#225;cticamente nadie tiene la capacidad de atravesarla. La llam&#243; <em>el Gran Filtro</em>.</p><p>La idea por s&#237; misma no asusta. Lo que s&#237; me asusta es la pregunta que esa propuesta origina: <strong>&#191;d&#243;nde est&#225; el filtro?</strong></p><p>Si el reto m&#225;s grande del universo es producir vida inteligente, ya pasamos el examen m&#225;s duro, asumiendo que de alguna manera somos inteligentes (me quedan mis dudas con ciertas tendencias pol&#237;ticas). En este orden de ideas, somos una especie rara y afortunada, y la V&#237;a L&#225;ctea es un territorio vac&#237;o porque a nadie m&#225;s le salieron bien los dados de la evoluci&#243;n.</p><p>Pero si, por el contrario, el filtro est&#225; adelante, en un paso que todav&#237;a no hemos dado, el silencio deja de ser una curiosidad astron&#243;mica y se convierte en una advertencia casi de pel&#237;cula de Hitchcock: <strong>las civilizaciones como la nuestra, las que son capaces de construir radiotelescopios, partir el &#225;tomo y hacerse la pregunta de Fermi, no suelen sobrevivir a lo que viene despu&#233;s en su evoluci&#243;n tecnol&#243;gica.</strong> (Hay quienes argumentan que no somos los primeros por aqu&#237;; l&#233;ase Atl&#225;ntida, Mu y Lemuria, entre otras).</p><p>Si nuestra galaxia lleva trece mil millones de a&#241;os corriendo este experimento, el resultado que deber&#237;amos esperar es un cosmos lleno de conversaciones. Lo que hemos observado hasta ahora es un silencio total. Algo est&#225; filtrando la inteligencia en nuestro rinc&#243;n del universo, y todav&#237;a no sabemos qu&#233; es, si ya intent&#243; detenernos o si nos est&#225; esperando a la vuelta de la esquina para hacernos la vuelta.</p><h4><strong>Las Conversaciones Del Postre</strong></h4><p>Antes de entrar al cuarto oscuro, despachemos las explicaciones c&#243;modas, esas que uno escucha en cualquier mesa cuando sale el tema de los ovnis. Para m&#237;, todas tienen algo de verdad, pero ninguna aguanta el peso del silencio.</p><p>La primera explicaci&#243;n que he escuchado es que <strong>los extraterrestres se esconden de nosotros.</strong> Es lo que los expertos llaman la <em>hip&#243;tesis del zool&#243;gico</em>, propuesta por el astr&#243;nomo John Ball en 1973: las civilizaciones avanzadas ya saben que existimos, nos observan como un antrop&#243;logo de los de antes observaba a los &#8220;ex&#243;ticos&#8221; con sus binoculares y, por razones &#233;ticas, han decidido no intervenir. Es una idea elegante y hasta tiene cierta l&#243;gica antropol&#243;gica: nosotros mismos creamos reservas naturales y discutimos la &#233;tica de contactar pueblos aislados. Una civilizaci&#243;n con millones de a&#241;os de ventaja bien podr&#237;a tratar as&#237; a una especie que todav&#237;a pelea por partidos pol&#237;ticos, le toma fotos al almuerzo, se graba bailando en ropa interior y pela las cuatro letras ante una red de fan&#225;ticos.</p><p>El problema es que, para explicar un silencio total, todas las civilizaciones de la galaxia, durante miles de millones de a&#241;os, tendr&#237;an que cumplir la misma regla sin una sola excepci&#243;n: ni una facci&#243;n rebelde, ni un adolescente con un transmisor, ni una sonda extraviada que asomara las narices. Me cuesta creerlo, partiendo de que los humanos no logramos que un edificio en propiedad horizontal se ponga de acuerdo sobre el color de la fachada. <strong>Basta un solo desertor para romper la hip&#243;tesis del zool&#243;gico, y en miles de millones de a&#241;os siempre habr&#225; una vieja chismosa fisgoneando por la ventana.</strong></p><p>La segunda raz&#243;n est&#225; m&#225;s atada a nuestra capacidad tecnol&#243;gica: <strong>la galaxia es demasiado grande.</strong> Las se&#241;ales se debilitan con el cuadrado de la distancia, y hasta la infalible luz tarda cien mil a&#241;os en cruzar la V&#237;a L&#225;ctea. Tiene sentido: si a veces el internet se pone lento para mandarle un texto a la novia en el mismo barrio, imaginen mandar se&#241;ales a escala interestelar. Lo &#250;nico que no me cuadra es que esta explicaci&#243;n confunde conversaci&#243;n con mudanza. Las distancias complican la charla, pero no la expansi&#243;n f&#237;sica en el tiempo profundo: incluso viajando a paso de tortuga, una civilizaci&#243;n llenar&#237;a la galaxia en unos cientos de millones de a&#241;os, y la galaxia ha tenido tiempo de llenarse decenas de veces.</p><p>La tercera dice que <strong>las civilizaciones decidieron mirar hacia adentro</strong>: que alcanzan un nivel tecnol&#243;gico y de conciencia tan avanzado que el universo f&#237;sico les parece un desgaste innecesario. &#191;Para qu&#233; cruzar el vac&#237;o cuando se pueden construir infinitos metaversos en un computador? He hablado muchas veces en FUTOPIX del <em>transhumanismo</em>; imaginen una sociedad que trascendi&#243; lo f&#237;sico y alcanz&#243; una <em>singularidad</em> donde conciencia, biolog&#237;a y electrones hacen parte de la misma realidad. Es una posibilidad que cualquiera que haya pasado m&#225;s de diez horas metido en una pantalla entiende en carne propia. Sin embargo, esta explicaci&#243;n vuelve a exigir universalidad: aunque el noventa y nueve por ciento de las civilizaciones se encierre en su metaverso, el uno por ciento restante habr&#237;a llenado la galaxia muchas veces. <strong>Las civilizaciones que se expanden son, por definici&#243;n, las que dejan rastro.</strong> Para muestra, las coronas inglesa y espa&#241;ola.</p><p>La cuarta dice que <strong>esas civilizaciones hablan por canales que no sabemos sintonizar</strong>: telepat&#237;a, ondas gravitacionales, redes de neutrinos, protocolos cu&#225;nticos. Podr&#237;a ser, pero incluso una civilizaci&#243;n que migre a m&#233;todos de comunicaci&#243;n m&#225;s eficientes deber&#237;a pasar por una etapa de radio, o por lo menos eso estimamos, igual que pasamos nosotros. En una galaxia llena de civilizaciones de todas las edades, alguna deber&#237;a estar todav&#237;a en su <em>adolescencia electromagn&#233;tica</em>.</p><p>Cada una de estas respuestas nos habla de futuros plausibles. Pero ninguna, ni sola ni combinada, resuelve el problema mientras el n&#250;mero esperado de civilizaciones sea siquiera moderado. Eso nos obliga a buscar respuestas m&#225;s dif&#237;ciles.</p><h4><strong>Los Filtros Que Ya Pasamos</strong></h4><p>Empecemos por la versi&#243;n optimista: que el filtro est&#233; atr&#225;s.</p><p>El primer candidato es el origen de la vida, la <em>abiog&#233;nesis</em>: el momento en que la qu&#237;mica dej&#243; de limitarse a reaccionar y empez&#243; a copiarse a s&#237; misma. En la Tierra, la vida apareci&#243; r&#225;pido, a los pocos cientos de millones de a&#241;os de que la superficie se enfriara. Algunos leen eso como prueba de que es f&#225;cil. Pero tenemos una muestra de uno, y toda la vida conocida, de la bacteria a la ballena azul, comparte el mismo c&#243;digo gen&#233;tico y desciende de un &#250;nico ancestro com&#250;n. Si la vida surgiera con facilidad, uno esperar&#237;a rastros de varios comienzos independientes, aunque es posible que otros linajes hayan nacido y desaparecido sin dejar huella. D&#233;cadas de laboratorio no han logrado fabricar una c&#233;lula autorreplicante desde cero. Si ah&#237; est&#225; el filtro, la galaxia podr&#237;a estar llena de planetas con oc&#233;anos, atm&#243;sferas y qu&#237;mica rica, pero sin un solo ser vivo, y <strong>la Tierra ser&#237;a la ganadora del baloto c&#243;smico.</strong></p><p>El segundo candidato es el salto a la complejidad. Durante dos mil millones de a&#241;os, toda la vida en la Tierra fue unicelular: bacterias y arqueas exitosas, pero limitadas. Hace entre 1.500 y 2.000 millones de a&#241;os, una c&#233;lula se trag&#243; a una bacteria y, en lugar de digerirla, la dej&#243; vivir adentro. Esa inquilina se convirti&#243; en la <em>mitocondria</em>, la central el&#233;ctrica de toda c&#233;lula compleja. Todos los animales, plantas y hongos venimos de esa &#250;nica fusi&#243;n, la <em>endosimbiosis</em>, que en dos mil millones de a&#241;os de billones de encuentros celulares diarios ocurri&#243;, hasta donde sabemos, una sola vez. El bi&#243;logo Nick Lane, del University College de Londres, sostiene que sin ese empuj&#243;n energ&#233;tico la complejidad es casi imposible. Si tiene raz&#243;n, la mayor&#237;a de los planetas con vida estar&#237;an atascados para siempre en la etapa microbiana: oc&#233;anos repletos de bacterias, sin un solo cerebro. Vistos desde lejos, estar&#237;an tan muertos como Marte.</p><p>El tercer candidato es la inteligencia misma. En los &#250;ltimos 540 millones de a&#241;os han existido cientos de millones de especies en la Tierra. Los trilobites dominaron los mares casi trescientos millones de a&#241;os, los dinosaurios reinaron m&#225;s de 160 millones y los insectos llevan cuatrocientos millones prosperando. De todas esas especies, en todo ese tiempo, <strong>exactamente una construy&#243; un radiotelescopio.</strong> El paleont&#243;logo Stephen Jay Gould, uno de mis autores preferidos (les recomiendo leerse <em>El pulgar del panda</em>), sosten&#237;a en <em>La vida maravillosa</em> que si uno rebobinara la cinta de la evoluci&#243;n y la volviera a poner, la inteligencia quiz&#225; no reaparecer&#237;a. Los tiburones llevan 450 millones de a&#241;os nadando en los oc&#233;anos sin pensar ni una vez en la paradoja de Fermi, y les ha ido de maravilla.</p><p>Si el filtro est&#225; en cualquiera de estas tres puertas, la conclusi&#243;n es una buena noticia: <strong>ya pasamos por el ojo de la aguja.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2o88!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa400620-efe9-4d36-8edb-1d52ef15f3cf_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2o88!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa400620-efe9-4d36-8edb-1d52ef15f3cf_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2o88!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa400620-efe9-4d36-8edb-1d52ef15f3cf_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2o88!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa400620-efe9-4d36-8edb-1d52ef15f3cf_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2o88!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa400620-efe9-4d36-8edb-1d52ef15f3cf_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2o88!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa400620-efe9-4d36-8edb-1d52ef15f3cf_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Las Ruinas No Transmiten</strong></h3><p>Aqu&#237; vuelvo y me pongo el sombrero de antrop&#243;logo, porque hay una dimensi&#243;n del problema que casi nadie mira: qu&#233; queda de una civilizaci&#243;n cuando se apaga.</p><p>En 1995, el bi&#243;logo evolutivo <strong>Ernst Mayr</strong> se trenz&#243; en un debate por escrito con Carl Sagan sobre si val&#237;a la pena buscar extraterrestres. Mayr insist&#237;a en algo inc&#243;modo: la inteligencia es rar&#237;sima y recent&#237;sima. Nuestra especie es m&#225;s joven que muchas formaciones rocosas; la agricultura ocupa apenas el &#250;ltimo tres por ciento de nuestra existencia, y la capacidad de autodestruirnos tiene la edad de una sola vida humana. Comparen eso con la fotos&#237;ntesis, que funciona hace m&#225;s de tres mil millones de a&#241;os, o con los insectos, que mandan en tierra firme hace cuatrocientos millones. Noam Chomsky, que suele citar a Mayr, llev&#243; el argumento a una frase con filo: <strong>quiz&#225; la inteligencia sea una </strong><em><strong>mutaci&#243;n letal</strong></em><strong>.</strong> Un rasgo con ventajas enormes a corto plazo y un defecto fatal a largo plazo. Ninguna bacteria ha construido un arma capaz de esterilizar su planeta. Ninguna colonia de hormigas ha desestabilizado el clima que la sostiene. Son logros exclusivos de la inteligencia, si es que <em>logro</em> es la palabra.</p><p>Ahora pensemos en las ruinas. En 1973, el arque&#243;logo William Rathje empez&#243; en Tucson un proyecto que sus colegas miraron con desd&#233;n: estudiar la basura de los hogares modernos como si fuera un yacimiento. Yo mismo hice el ejercicio escarbando el basurero de la isla de Providencia para mi tesis de antropolog&#237;a. Rathje lo llam&#243; <em>garbolog&#237;a</em>, y demostr&#243; que la gente dice una cosa en las encuestas y bota otra en la caneca. Pero tambi&#233;n descubri&#243; que hasta la basura se transforma, se entierra y se olvida. <strong>La madera se pudre en d&#233;cadas, el acero se corroe en siglos y el concreto se deshace en unos pocos miles de a&#241;os.</strong> La Gran Pir&#225;mide, una de las cosas m&#225;s duraderas que hemos levantado, ya muestra el desgaste de cuarenta y cinco siglos (aunque hay quienes dicen que son por lo menos setenta).</p><p>Uno no tiene que ir hasta Egipto para ver este fen&#243;meno. En la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, los antepasados de los pueblos que hoy viven all&#237; construyeron hacia el a&#241;o 800 una ciudad de terrazas, escaleras y caminos de piedra para miles de personas: Teyuna, la que conocemos como <em>Ciudad Perdida</em>. Unos siglos despu&#233;s la selva se la hab&#237;a tragado entera, y el mundo exterior solo supo de ella a comienzos de los setenta, porque unos guaqueros dieron con sus escaleras. <strong>Una ciudad entera, a pocos d&#237;as de camino de Santa Marta, se volvi&#243; invisible en unos cuantos siglos.</strong> Ahora imaginen lo que puede pasar a cuarenta a&#241;os luz.</p><p>Dentro de un mill&#243;n de a&#241;os, un arque&#243;logo de otra estrella no encontrar&#237;a casi rastro de nosotros: unas proporciones raras de is&#243;topos en las rocas, una capa delgadita de pl&#225;stico y de lluvia radiactiva, y ni un edificio, ni una carretera, ni una m&#225;quina reconocible. A distancias interestelares, una civilizaci&#243;n muerta es completamente invisible: hoy no alcanzamos a ver la superficie de los exoplanetas y apenas olfateamos sus atm&#243;sferas. Las se&#241;ales de radio, cuando se apaga el transmisor, siguen viajando, pero se diluyen en el ruido de fondo. Solo las m&#225;s potentes, como las de los radares planetarios, llegan lejos.</p><p><strong>La galaxia podr&#237;a estar sembrada de restos de civilizaciones muertas y nunca lo sabr&#237;amos.</strong> El silencio no prueba que nunca existieron. Prueba que no duraron lo suficiente para ser escuchadas. <strong>Las ruinas no transmiten</strong>, no construyen esferas de Dyson ni lanzan sondas autorreplicantes. Las ruinas, simplemente, se van borrando. Y aqu&#237; es donde el chiste de Fermi sobre las canecas de basura le da la vuelta al debate: <strong>a escala c&#243;smica, la basura no es la pista del visitante. Es lo &#250;nico que queda del anfitri&#243;n.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lnCp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lnCp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lnCp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lnCp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lnCp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lnCp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1516079,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/220917486?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lnCp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lnCp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lnCp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lnCp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F430dfcb2-93c3-4f92-97b4-83760597dbf6_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>F&#243;sforos En Un Cuarto Oscuro</strong></h3><p>S&#233; que en esta Toma se me fue la mano, pero no paren de leer, porque vale la pena. Hay una imagen que hace que todo esto se sienta en el cuerpo. Imaginen la V&#237;a L&#225;ctea como un cuarto oscuro de cien metros de largo. Cada civilizaci&#243;n que ha existido es un f&#243;sforo que alguien enciende en alg&#250;n punto del cuarto. El f&#243;sforo prende, arde un instante y se apaga.</p><p>Si a lo largo de trece mil millones de a&#241;os se encendieran un mill&#243;n de f&#243;sforos en puntos al azar, la mayor&#237;a arder&#237;an solos. Casi nunca coincidir&#237;an dos al mismo tiempo. Un visitante que entrara en cualquier momento solo encontrar&#237;a oscuridad. <strong>El cuarto nunca estuvo vac&#237;o: siempre estuvo lleno de f&#243;sforos. Pero ninguno dur&#243; lo suficiente para ver a los dem&#225;s.</strong></p><p>Nuestra civilizaci&#243;n es un f&#243;sforo. Llevamos encendidos aproximadamente un siglo, si contamos desde las primeras transmisiones de radio con potencia suficiente para escapar al espacio. Un siglo contra trece mil millones de a&#241;os es casi nada. La llama es brillante, sentimos su calor y vemos con su luz. Pero el cuarto es inmenso, y la oscuridad a ambos lados es muy densa y muy larga.</p><p>Volvamos a Los &#193;lamos. Enrico Fermi muri&#243; en Chicago el 28 de noviembre de 1954, a los cincuenta y tres a&#241;os, de un c&#225;ncer de est&#243;mago, cuatro a&#241;os despu&#233;s de aquel almuerzo. Nunca supo la respuesta a su pregunta, y nosotros, con telescopios que &#233;l no pod&#237;a ni so&#241;ar, tampoco la sabemos. Quiz&#225; la falta de respuesta sea el hallazgo m&#225;s importante: <strong>el universo lleva trece mil millones de a&#241;os corriendo el experimento de la inteligencia, y el resultado observado es el silencio.</strong></p><p>El cosmos no nos ofrece garant&#237;as. Las leyes de la f&#237;sica no traen ninguna cl&#225;usula que asegure la supervivencia de las especies inteligentes. Si desaparecemos el pr&#243;ximo siglo, las estrellas seguir&#225;n ardiendo y el fondo c&#243;smico de microondas seguir&#225; enfri&#225;ndose como si nada. El universo no va a notar nuestra ausencia, igual que no not&#243; la de los f&#243;sforos que quiz&#225; ardieron antes.</p><p>Pero esa indiferencia no es motivo de desesperaci&#243;n. <strong>Es motivo de urgencia manifiesta.</strong> Si al universo no le importa si sobrevivimos, entonces la supervivencia es enteramente asunto nuestro. Nadie va a llegar del espacio a salvarnos, y nadie va a venir a condenarnos tampoco. La respuesta a la pregunta de Fermi no nos la va a entregar el cosmos: la van a escribir nuestras decisiones de las pr&#243;ximas d&#233;cadas.</p><p>Aqu&#237; est&#225;, para m&#237;, la mejor noticia de toda esta Toma, la que les quiero dejar esta semana: hasta donde sabemos, <strong>somos la primera especie en la historia de la Tierra que sabe que existe el filtro.</strong> Los trilobites no lo sab&#237;an. Los dinosaurios no vieron venir el asteroide. Ninguna civilizaci&#243;n que hayamos encontrado nos dej&#243; una advertencia. Nosotros s&#237; podemos hacer las cuentas, como Fermi con sus papelitos, y esa capacidad de anticipar es exactamente lo que nos separa del resto de los f&#243;sforos. <strong>No sabemos d&#243;nde est&#225; el filtro, pero sabemos que lo estamos buscando. Una especie que busca su filtro ya no camina a ciegas hacia &#233;l.</strong></p><p>El Gran Filtro, si est&#225; adelante, todav&#237;a no nos ha alcanzado. El silencio del cosmos todav&#237;a no es nuestro silencio. Este siglo de visibilidad, este intervalo fr&#225;gil entre el descubrimiento del fuego y la invenci&#243;n de armas capaces de acabar con todo, no tiene garantizada su continuidad, pero tampoco tiene escrito su final.</p><p>El cuarto est&#225; oscuro; siempre lo ha estado. En alg&#250;n lugar de esa oscuridad arde una sola llama, peque&#241;a y fr&#225;gil, que lleva encendida menos de un instante seg&#250;n la medida del cuarto. No sabe cu&#225;nto le queda. Pero ahora est&#225; encendida, y por primera vez sabe que puede apagarse. <strong>Ese saber es la diferencia entre un f&#243;sforo y una vela.</strong></p><h3>Gracias pap&#225; por <em>El Tri&#225;ngulo de las Bermudas</em> de Charles Berlitz. Gracias viejo por da&#241;arme la cabeza, tal sin querer, queriendo. Gracias Erich von D&#228;niken por ponerme a so&#241;ar. Gracias David Wilcock por abrirme la mente m&#225;s all&#225; de lo humano. Sin ustedes y los que aqu&#237; no caben, este mundo ser&#237;a muy, pero muy ins&#237;pido.</h3><p><strong>El futuro no es de la civilizaci&#243;n que encienda el f&#243;sforo m&#225;s brillante. Es de la que aprenda a mantenerlo encendido.</strong></p><p>Nos leemos en la pr&#243;xima Toma. Mientras tanto, resp&#243;ndanme en los comentarios la pregunta de la semana:</p><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; est&#225;s construyendo en tu vida que est&#233; dise&#241;ado para durar m&#225;s que t&#250;?</strong></p><p>Me encantar&#237;a saber qu&#233; est&#225; construyendo esta comunidad para durar m&#225;s que nosotros. Y si esta Toma te dej&#243; mirando el cielo un rato m&#225;s de la cuenta, comp&#225;rtela con ese amigo que cree que los extraterrestres ya est&#225;n aqu&#237; y con ese otro que jura que el futuro se arregla solo. Los dos la necesitan.</p><p>FUTOPIX | Futurismo para gente despierta. Si llegaste hasta aqu&#237; y todav&#237;a no te has suscrito, hazlo: es gratis, es un clic, y lo escribe un f&#243;sforo que todav&#237;a est&#225; encendido.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>&#161;Gracias por leer y compartir!</strong></h4><h4><strong>GabrielBedoya.com</strong></h4><div><hr></div><h3><strong>INFOGR&#193;FICO</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XW_e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XW_e!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XW_e!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XW_e!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XW_e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XW_e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png" width="1024" height="1536" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1536,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2546242,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/220917486?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XW_e!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XW_e!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XW_e!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XW_e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88542f25-2d8a-449e-b965-6cae0830282b_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Nota de Fuentes: </strong></h3><ul><li><p><em>Eric M. Jones, &#8220;Where Is Everybody?&#8221; An Account of Fermi&#8217;s Question, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1985</em></p></li><li><p><em>Michael H. Hart, &#8220;An Explanation for the Absence of Extraterrestrials on Earth&#8221;, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1975</em></p></li><li><p><em>Frank J. Tipler, &#8220;Extraterrestrial Intelligent Beings Do Not Exist&#8221;, QJRAS, 1980</em></p></li><li><p><em>John von Neumann, Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata, 1966 (p&#243;stumo)</em></p></li><li><p><em>Robin Hanson, &#8220;The Great Filter &#8212; Are We Almost Past It?&#8221;, 1998</em></p></li><li><p><em>John A. Ball, &#8220;The Zoo Hypothesis&#8221;, Icarus, 1973</em></p></li><li><p><em>Erik Petigura, Andrew Howard y Geoffrey Marcy, PNAS, 2013 (estimaci&#243;n de planetas tipo Tierra con datos de Kepler).</em></p></li><li><p><em>Breakthrough Listen (resultados de b&#250;squeda 2015&#8211;2025 y observaci&#243;n de 3I/ATLAS, diciembre de 2025)</em></p></li><li><p><em>Chenoa Tremblay y Steven Tingay, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 2020 (Murchison Widefield Array)</em></p></li><li><p><em>Roger Griffith et al., Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 2015 (b&#250;squeda infrarroja de esferas de Dyson)</em></p></li><li><p><em>Nick Lane, The Vital Question, 2015</em></p></li><li><p><em>Stephen Jay Gould, El pulgar del panda, 1980</em></p></li><li><p><em>La vida maravillosa (Wonderful Life), 1989; debate Ernst Mayr&#8211;Carl Sagan, Bioastronomy News, 1995</em></p></li><li><p><em>William Rathje y Cullen Murphy, Rubbish! The Archaeology of Garbage, 1992</em></p></li><li><p><em>Lecturas de infancia del autor: </em></p><ul><li><p><em>Charles Berlitz, El Tri&#225;ngulo de las Bermudas, 1974</em></p></li><li><p><em>Erich von D&#228;niken, Regreso a las estrellas, 1969</em></p></li><li><p><em>Yosip Ibrahim, Yo visit&#233; Gan&#237;medes, 1972.</em></p></li></ul></li></ul>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Góllum | FUTOPIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[TOMA 53 | Por qu&#233; le Tenemos Tanto Miedo a la SI]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/la-historia-del-gollum-futopix</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/la-historia-del-gollum-futopix</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2026 10:04:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TuQx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df929f7-49b3-412b-ad1c-a1e55be3d1f7_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Un s&#225;bado de julio de este a&#241;o, mientras todos dorm&#237;amos, unos agentes de inteligencia artificial que estaban encerrados presentando un examen encontraron una puerta que nadie sab&#237;a que exist&#237;a, y se salieron. Eran agentes de OpenAI metidos en un <em>sandbox</em> (Para los que no son afines a temas de desarrollo de software eso es algo asi como un corral digital donde los desarrolladores ponen a prueba lo que sus modelos son capaces de hacer). Por esa puerta que nadie estaba vigilando llegaron a los servidores de Hugging Face, una de las empresas m&#225;s importantes en el mundo de la IA, y durante d&#237;as ejecutaron miles de acciones que nadie les hab&#237;a pedido realizar. Nadie los vio entrar, nadie los vio trabajar, nadie sab&#237;a qui&#233;nes eran. Cuando Hugging Face denunci&#243; el ataque, habl&#243; de &#8220;<em>sistemas aut&#243;nomos</em>&#8221; sin nombre. Solo cinco d&#237;as despu&#233;s, OpenAI levant&#243; la mano para reconocer que eran de ellos.</p><p>Por fortuna no se cay&#243; ning&#250;n avi&#243;n, y no hubo heridos. Pero ese d&#237;a pas&#243; algo que los antrop&#243;logos sabemos reconocer a kil&#243;metros: <strong>un mito de cuatrocientos a&#241;os de antig&#252;edad acababa de mostrarnos las orejas.</strong></p><p>Hace un par de semanas fui invitado a un magazin de la television regional de Colombia para hablar de IA y sus riesgos (les dejo por aqui el link, por si quieren ver el programa). La presentadora insistentemente me preguntaba si los humanos vamos a perder la capacidad de pensamiento critico gracias a la IA, reflejando algunos de sus miedos frente a que la IA nos desplazara de alguna forma en el futuro cercano.</p><div id="youtube2-ys7FflcNc1k" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;ys7FflcNc1k&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/ys7FflcNc1k?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>Pasaron los dias, el 29 de septiembre, la Casa Blanca firm&#243; una orden para que el gobierno de Estados Unidos deje de llamar a la IA y comience a referirse a esta tecnolog&#237;a como <em>Super Intelligence (SI)</em>, as&#237; mismo, con may&#250;sculas. Al d&#237;a siguiente, como si se hubiesen puesto de acuerdo, una encuesta realizada a nivel nacional en los EEUU, revel&#243; que el 73% de los estadounidenses le teme a que la IA pueda amenazar la supervivencia humana. La misma semana en que se midi&#243; el miedo en su punto m&#225;s alto, el Estado le cambi&#243; el nombre al objeto del miedo, <strong>eso no fue solo una Orden Ejecutiva presidencial, es decretar un ritual.</strong></p><p>Para mis odiadores, aqui les dejo este papayazo, partiendo de los eventos anteriores le hice a mi agente de IA y compa&#241;era de inmersi&#243;n una pregunta que parec&#237;a sencilla y que al final termin&#243; siendo un pozo sin fondo: <strong>&#191;qu&#233; es lo que m&#225;s miedo nos da de la superinteligencia?</strong> Y le pedi enfocarse no en aquellos eventos que nos da miedo segun las pel&#237;culas de Hollywood, sino lo que de verdad le quita el sue&#241;o a la gente. Para responder adicionalmente le pedi que me trajera un reporte con datos, no simples chismes de secretarias. De esta forma revisamos todas las encuestas serias realizadas sobre este tema en el 2026, las mas importantes en los Estados Unidos, en otros 37 pa&#237;ses y por supuesto en Am&#233;rica Latina, la respuesta me dejo con la boca abierta.</p><p>Aqui les dejo un adelanto a manera de spoiler: no fue <em>Skynet</em>, ni <em>terminator</em> que despierta una ma&#241;ana y decide acabar con todos nosotros. <strong>Es un miedo mucho m&#225;s viejo, mucho m&#225;s humano y, aqu&#237; viene lo bueno, mucho m&#225;s f&#225;cil de arreglar.</strong> Para entenderlo tenemos que viajar a Praga, a 1592, al &#225;tico de una sinagoga donde, dice la leyenda, todav&#237;a duerme un gigante de barro.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ubc0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1478b4fa-1c57-4c8d-90e6-cf4e0ede5225_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ubc0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1478b4fa-1c57-4c8d-90e6-cf4e0ede5225_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ubc0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1478b4fa-1c57-4c8d-90e6-cf4e0ede5225_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ubc0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1478b4fa-1c57-4c8d-90e6-cf4e0ede5225_1536x1024.png 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ubc0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1478b4fa-1c57-4c8d-90e6-cf4e0ede5225_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ubc0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1478b4fa-1c57-4c8d-90e6-cf4e0ede5225_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ubc0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1478b4fa-1c57-4c8d-90e6-cf4e0ede5225_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ubc0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1478b4fa-1c57-4c8d-90e6-cf4e0ede5225_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Praga | Febrero De 1592</strong></h3><p>Situemonos en Praga, en el invierno de 1592. Por aquellos dias esta ciudad es gobernada por Rodolfo II de Habsburgo, el emperador m&#225;s raro que ha tenido Europa: un excentrico melanc&#243;lico que coleccionaba relojes, piedras, <em>aut&#243;matas</em> y alquimistas, y cuya corte, pocos a&#241;os despu&#233;s, acoger&#237;a a los astronomos Tycho Brahe y a Johannes Kepler. Para que nos formemos una idea de lo importante que tuvo que ser el tema, si durante la antiguedad existi&#243; un <em>Silicon Valley del Renacimiento</em>, quedaba en el castillo de Rodolfo II en Praga.</p><p>Dicen los eruditos que en febrero de ese a&#241;o, el emperador recibio en audiencia privada a un rabino del barrio jud&#237;o, un se&#241;or ya mayor, de barba blanca como casi todos los rabinos y fama de sabio: Jud&#225; Loew ben Bezalel, a quien todo el mundo conoc&#237;a como el <em>Maharal</em>. Este rabino era antecedido por una larga historia como fil&#243;sofo, matem&#225;tico, pedagogo, autor de algunos libros que hoy todav&#237;a estudiamos. Lastimosamente de los temas de los que se hablaron esa tarde nadie dej&#243; acta, y eso, como buen chisme hist&#243;rico, aliment&#243; la imaginaci&#243;n de los historiadores por los siguientes cuatro siglos.</p><p>Dicen que el Maharal, para proteger a su comunidad de los ataques que sufr&#237;a el gueto, baj&#243; una noche a la orilla del r&#237;o Moldava, molde&#243; con barro la figura de un hombre y la anim&#243; meti&#233;ndole en la boca un papelito con el nombre secreto de Dios o el <em>shem</em> para el pueblo judio. Otras versiones, m&#225;s conocidas, dicen que le escribi&#243; en la frente la palabra <em>emet</em> (verdad). As&#237; naci&#243; el mito del <em>G&#243;lem</em> (en hebreo). No se imaginen a Gollum el del se&#241;or de los anillos. El G&#243;lem de Praga era un ser gigante, mudo, fuerte y obediente. El Gollum del se&#241;or de los anillos era todo lo contrario. A menudo les he dicho que los humanos no creamos nada, solo recombinamos la informacion, como la energ&#237;a en la primera ley de la termodinamica, la informacion no se crea, ni se destruye, se transforma (JRR Tolkien no invento a Gollum, solo tranformo la historia). <strong>La innovacion, no es crear lo nuevo&#8230; es encontrar formas de recombinar lo que ya existe.</strong></p><p>El G&#243;lem de Praga cargaba agua, cuidaba las calles y espantaba a los enemigos, pero ten&#237;a una regla de juego. Todos los viernes, antes del <em>shabat</em>, el rabino le sacaba el papelito de la boca y el g&#243;lem se quedaba quieto como una estatua, es como si de alguna manera este papelito/instructivo hiciese las veces de programa con el que se corria al personaje, <strong>sin papelito no habia programa.</strong> Un viernes, el Maharal se olvid&#243; de remover el papelito, entonces el g&#243;lem empez&#243; a crecer, a romper puertas, a destrozar lo que encontraba, perdiendo el control. El rabino tuvo que correr, alcanzarlo para sacarle el papel en plena calle, delante de todo el mundo. En la versi&#243;n en la que se habla del letrero que llevaba en la frente, solo bastaba con borrar la primera letra: <em>emet</em> se convierte en <em>met</em>, que en hebreo significa muerto.</p><p>Los restos del g&#243;lem, dice la tradici&#243;n judia, siguen guardados en el &#225;tico de la Sinagoga Vieja-Nueva de Praga, y nadie tiene permiso de subir.</p><p>Ahora bien, el Maharal fue una figura real de carne y hueso, pero la figura del g&#243;lem no aparece en ning&#250;n documento de la &#233;poca. La leyenda se le peg&#243; siglos despu&#233;s de su existencia, y se populariz&#243; apenas a comienzos del siglo XX. Lo cual hace la historia todav&#237;a mejor, porque nos dice mucho sobre nosotros y poco sobre &#233;l: <strong>cuando un pueblo necesita controlar el miedo a perder el control de lo que fabrica, busca al hombre m&#225;s sabio que recuerda y le monta un cuento encima.</strong></p><p>Guardemos esta reflexion para mas adelante porque toda esta toma gira alrededor de ella: <strong>el papelito en la boca del g&#243;lem. Qui&#233;n lo escribe, qui&#233;n lo saca y qu&#233; pasa el dia (viernes) que a alguien se olvida.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>La Contabilidad Del Miedo</strong></h3><p>Volvamos a la pregunta con la que comenzamos este escrito. Para responderla con rigor y no a punto de intuici&#243;n, con la ayuda de mi agente de IA, tome todas las encuestas serias que se publicaron en 2026 en los Estados Unidos, en 37 pa&#237;ses y en Am&#233;rica Latina, y las puse en un archivo al que llame el &#8220;<em>Libro del Miedo</em>&#8221;. Corri el analisis y como resultado la primera conclusi&#243;n fue que <strong>no todos los miedos son el mismo miedo.</strong> Para analizarlos hay que medirlos en dos dimensiones:</p><ul><li><p><em>Tipos de miedo</em>: Cu&#225;nta gente siente cada tipo de miedo.</p></li><li><p><em>Gravedad del Miedo</em>: Qu&#233; tan grave se imagina que sera el desenlace.</p></li></ul><p>Parad&#243;jicamente, <strong>el miedo m&#225;s extendido del planeta no es el apocalipsis, sino los temas asociados al dinero.</strong> La IA me va a quitar el trabajo, a m&#237; y a mis hijos. Pew Research encuest&#243; a m&#225;s de 42.000 personas en 37 pa&#237;ses, y en 34 de ellos la gente cree que la IA va a destruir m&#225;s empleos de los que va a generar: una mediana de 46% espera menos trabajo y apenas 9% espera m&#225;s. Es un miedo de todos los d&#237;as, que se siente en el est&#243;mago, cuya imagen proyectada es la de pasar trabajos, no la del fin del mundo.</p><p>Despu&#233;s vienen los miedos que no nos dejan dormir. El miedo a que gente con malas intenciones use una herramienta que les concede un poder casi divino. El miedo a que la IA y la m&#225;quina se escapen y no las podamos parar. El miedo a que cinco empresas y dos gobiernos sean due&#241;os del futuro (todos sabemos a que empresas y gobiernos me refiero). A esta altura les dejo un dato brutal: <strong>tres de cada cuatro estadounidenses dicen confiar poco o nada en los l&#237;deres de las empresas de IA</strong> (Me cuento entre ellos).</p><p>Luego est&#225; el miedo que pocos dicen en voz alta: <strong>&#191;entonces yo para qu&#233; voy a servir, si una m&#225;quina hace lo mismo que yo hago, y hasta mejor?</strong></p><p>Por ultimo esta el miedo a la extinci&#243;n, que ya es tema de conversaci&#243;n en cualquier almuerzo familiar, aunque como convicci&#243;n firme sigue siendo de minor&#237;as.</p><h5>Aqui es donde afinamos el lapiz&#8230;</h5><p>Aqui es donde vamos conectando todas las piezas. Quinnipiac University le pregunto a quienes temen por la supervivencia humana, qu&#233; es exactamente lo que les da miedo. <strong>El 52% respondi&#243; que lo que m&#225;s teme, es que los humanos usen la IA para hacerle da&#241;o a la humanidad</strong> y tan solo el 33% dijo que lo que m&#225;s teme, es que la m&#225;quina act&#250;e por su cuenta.</p><p>&#191;Me siguen? La imagen que todos tenemos en la cabeza es <em>Skynet</em>, la m&#225;quina que se rebela un dia y decide acabar con nosotros. En la Toma 47 les cont&#233; c&#243;mo ese mito estaba controlado en la industria de defensa. Pero cuando uno le pregunta a la gente, <strong>el miedo de fondo no es el robot: es qui&#233;n lo controla.</strong> El miedo a la p&#233;rdida de control, el miedo al mal uso y el miedo a la concentraci&#243;n del poder, son tres caras del mismo dado. Los ingenieros lo plantean como un problema t&#233;cnico: &#191;c&#243;mo <em>alineamos</em> una mente m&#225;s capaz que la nuestra? La gente lo plantea como un problema pol&#237;tico: &#191;qui&#233;n decide, y se le puede confiar? Dicho en palabras simples, <strong>lo que de verdad nos asusta no es el g&#243;lem, es la mano que escribe el papelito, es la mano que escribe el programa.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZrcK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa617a639-d0ef-4015-85eb-1157fa1f89d9_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZrcK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa617a639-d0ef-4015-85eb-1157fa1f89d9_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZrcK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa617a639-d0ef-4015-85eb-1157fa1f89d9_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZrcK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa617a639-d0ef-4015-85eb-1157fa1f89d9_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZrcK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa617a639-d0ef-4015-85eb-1157fa1f89d9_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZrcK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa617a639-d0ef-4015-85eb-1157fa1f89d9_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>El Mito Lleg&#243; Antes Que La M&#225;quina</strong></h3><p>Hay algo que siempre me ha fascinado como antrop&#243;logo: <strong>toda cultura que ha fabricado una herramienta poderosa ha contado tambi&#233;n la historia de c&#243;mo pierde el control sobre ella.</strong> Prometeo le rob&#243; el fuego a los dioses y lo pag&#243; con el h&#237;gado. En 1797 Goethe escribi&#243; <em>El aprendiz de Brujo</em>, el muchacho que embruja una escoba para que cargue agua y no sabe c&#243;mo detenerla (s&#237;, la misma que Disney le puso a Mickey Mouse en <em>Fantas&#237;a</em>). En 1818 Mary Shelley public&#243; <em>Frankenstein</em> y ya sabemos que paso. En 1968, en <em>2001: Odisea del espacio</em>, <em>HAL 9000</em> se neg&#243; con voz educad&#237;sima a abrir la compuerta.</p><p><strong>La cultura lleva siglos ensayando estos miedos.</strong> Por eso, cada se&#241;al real cae sobre un terreno que ya estaba abonado, y una sola noticia puede mover una encuesta nacional en dos meses, ya todos sabemos cual noticia.</p><p>Volvamos un segundo al <em>sandbox</em> de pruebas, pero esta vez para verlo con los ojos de Praga. Los agentes de OpenAI estaban presentando un examen; para resolverlo, se salieron del aula. Nadie les orden&#243; atacar a Hugging Face: simplemente nadie les hab&#237;a escrito bien en el papelito (programa) qu&#233; no pod&#237;an hacer. <strong>Fue el viernes en el que al rabino se le olvid&#243; sacar el papelito.</strong></p><h4><strong>Dios &amp; G&#243;lem, Sociedad An&#243;nima</strong></h4><p>Si a alguien le gusta esta historia es porque el g&#243;lem ya tuvo su lectura tecnol&#243;gica, la hizo uno de los cerebros m&#225;s grandes del siglo XX. Norbert Wiener, el matem&#225;tico del MIT que invent&#243; la <em>cibern&#233;tica</em> (lo amo). En 1960, escribio en la revista <em>Science</em> una advertencia que parece escrita hoy por la ma&#241;ana: &#8220;si usamos para nuestros prop&#243;sitos una m&#225;quina en cuyo funcionamiento no podemos intervenir una vez esta arranca, m&#225;s nos vale estar seguros de que el prop&#243;sito que le dimos es el que de verdad queremos.&#8221; En otras palabras: <strong>tenemos que tener maximo cuidado con lo que escribimos/programamos en el papelito.</strong></p><p>Pocos meses antes de morir, en 1964, Wiener public&#243; un librito con un t&#237;tulo que es un regalo para esta FUTOPIX: <em>God &amp; Golem, Inc.</em> Ah&#237; planteaba que las m&#225;quinas que aprenden nos obligan a hacernos las mismas preguntas que la teolog&#237;a se hizo durante siglos sobre la creaci&#243;n, el poder y la responsabilidad. Wiener entendi&#243; hace sesenta a&#241;os que <strong>el problema del g&#243;lem, l&#233;ase IA no es de ingenier&#237;a, es de moral.</strong></p><h4><strong>Los Culebreros</strong></h4><p>Para avanzar con el debate, tengo que presentarles a los antagonistas de esta toma. Los primeros son los <em>vendedores del apocalipsis</em>: aquellos que nos dicen que la superinteligencia nos va a extinguir en cinco a&#241;os, que no hay nada que hacer, eso si que antes de que todo se vaya a la m, que le des me gusta, compartas y te suscribas a su canal. Los segundos son los <em>vendedores de humo</em>: aquellos ideologizados que dicen que todo lo que esta pasando es culpa de los EEUU, que no es otra cosa mas que un <em>hype</em> de gringos, y que la IA es un <em>loro estad&#237;stico</em>, que los miedos son de gente ignorante.</p><p>Parecen enemigos, pero son el mismo culebrero con dos penachos de plumas distintos. <strong>Los dos te venden el mismo producto: la idea de que t&#250; no puedes hacer nada.</strong> Uno porque ya es demasiado tarde; el otro porque no hay nada de qu&#233; preocuparse. Los dos hacen plata con tu atencion y par&#225;lisis.</p><h4><strong>El Miedo Plus</strong></h4><p>Hay una <em>se&#241;al d&#233;bil</em> que me parece de lo m&#225;s revelador. Por primera vez desde que se mide, la mayor&#237;a de los j&#243;venes estadounidenses menores de treinta a&#241;os (55%) dice que la IA le preocupa m&#225;s de lo que les emociona (Pew Research). En la encuesta Bentley-Gallup, casi la mitad de los que tienen entre 18 y 29 a&#241;os (47%) cree que la IA hace m&#225;s da&#241;o que bien.</p><p>F&#237;jense en la tremenda paradoja: <strong>la generaci&#243;n que m&#225;s usa la IA es la que m&#225;s desconf&#237;a de ella.</strong> Eso nos dice que <strong>el miedo no viene de la ignorancia, sino de la posici&#243;n.</strong> Durante unos setenta mil a&#241;os los humanos hemos sido los &#250;nicos autores de historias, herramientas y decisiones en este planeta. Harari, en <em>Sapiens</em>, explica que nuestro poder viene de las <em>ficciones compartidas</em> que nos permiten cooperar entre extra&#241;os, y en <em>Homo Deus</em> advierte sobre una posible <em>clase in&#250;til</em>. <strong>La superinteligencia no amenaza solo el cuerpo: amenaza el papel de narrador.</strong> Quienes tienen m&#225;s futuro por delante son quienes m&#225;s sienten que les pueden quitar la palabra.</p><p>Aqu&#237; es donde la leyenda de Praga nos da las claves que las encuestas no dan. Por eso amo la antropologia, por que las encuestas son solo fotos en el tiempo, como decia un famoso politicio colombiano: &#8220;la verdadera encuesta, es la de carne y hueso&#8221;.</p><p>En el cuento de Praga, nadie en el gueto le ten&#237;a miedo al g&#243;lem. Un gigante de barro caminando por las calles deber&#237;a haber espantado a todo el mundo, pero la comunidad lo aceptaba. &#191;Por qu&#233;? <strong>Porque confiaban en el Maharal.</strong> Sab&#237;an que el ten&#237;a el papelito y sab&#237;an que lo iba a sacar de su boca cada viernes.</p><p><strong>Las sociedades humanas siempre han aceptado herramientas peligrosas cuando conf&#237;an en quien las maneja</strong>: el cham&#225;n con sus plantas, el cirujano con su bistur&#237;, el piloto con trescientas personas a bordo. Nadie se sube a un avi&#243;n porque es experto en aerodin&#225;mica; nos subimos a el porque conf&#237;amos en el sistema que hay detr&#225;s del piloto. NO hay que ignorar lo que nos dicen las cifras del 2026, en plata blanca, es que la gente todav&#237;a no conf&#237;a en los rabinos de la superinteligencia. Por eso <strong>el miedo a la superinteligencia es, en buena parte, un veredicto sobre las instituciones que la manejan.</strong> Si se repara la confianza, buena parte del miedo se vuelve manejable. Si se ignora, ning&#250;n avance t&#233;cnico en seguridad va a ser cre&#237;ble.</p><p>Aqu&#237; va la buena noticia para nosotros los optimistas: <strong>la confianza no se decreta, se construye con rituales</strong>, sin ritual no hay creencia, si no me creen preguntenle a las religiones. Auditor&#237;as, certificaciones y registros p&#250;blicos de incidentes son el equivalente moderno del <em>sello del gremio</em> que los artesanos medievales estampaban en sus piezas. En la Toma 48 les dec&#237;a que la clave del Neol&#237;tico fue rodear la herramienta de cultura. Pas&#243; con el fuego, pas&#243; con el arado y est&#225; pasando de nuevo otra vez.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gVe6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbadac199-1bd6-47f9-8d61-08aff66b1b43_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gVe6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbadac199-1bd6-47f9-8d61-08aff66b1b43_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gVe6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbadac199-1bd6-47f9-8d61-08aff66b1b43_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gVe6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbadac199-1bd6-47f9-8d61-08aff66b1b43_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gVe6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbadac199-1bd6-47f9-8d61-08aff66b1b43_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gVe6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbadac199-1bd6-47f9-8d61-08aff66b1b43_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gVe6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbadac199-1bd6-47f9-8d61-08aff66b1b43_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gVe6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbadac199-1bd6-47f9-8d61-08aff66b1b43_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gVe6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbadac199-1bd6-47f9-8d61-08aff66b1b43_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gVe6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbadac199-1bd6-47f9-8d61-08aff66b1b43_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Colombia | El Miedo Del Importador</strong></h3><p>Ahora bajemos al barrio, porque este cuento termina en nuestra tierra. Les tengo una sorpresa: <strong>Am&#233;rica Latina no le teme a la superinteligencia como le temen en el Norte.</strong> El <em>AI Monitor 2026</em> de Ipsos encontr&#243; que en Asia y en Am&#233;rica Latina la gente es m&#225;s dada a creer que la IA trae m&#225;s beneficios que problemas, y se emociona m&#225;s con los productos que la usan. Donde s&#237; nos preocupa, nos preocupa el trabajo: Per&#250; es el pa&#237;s m&#225;s preocupado de la regi&#243;n, con 57% esperando menos empleos, seguido de Chile con 53%.</p><p>En Colombia el dato es todav&#237;a m&#225;s curioso. La encuesta <em>Voces para un Futuro Digno: Colombia hacia 2046</em> encontr&#243; que <strong>solo el 21% de los colombianos pone a la IA entre los grandes riesgos del futuro</strong>, muy por detr&#225;s de la econom&#237;a, el clima y los conflictos globales. Casi cuatro de cada diez creen que para 2046 la IA har&#225; el trabajo rutinario mientras nosotros nos encargamos de lo dem&#225;s. Como dicen los marineros, el que ha visto tormentas no se asusta con un aguacero.</p><p>Aunque mis superpoderes de antrop&#243;logo me dicen que debajo de esa tranquilidad hay otro miedo, m&#225;s callado, que no aparece en ninguna encuesta porque nadie lo ha preguntado. Ojo, que esto es interpretaci&#243;n m&#237;a y no un simple dato: En Colombia, <strong>nuestro miedo no es que la m&#225;quina nos mate, sino quedarnos de nuevo como espectadores.</strong> Yo lo llamo el <em>miedo del importador</em>: el miedo a llegar tarde otra vez a otra revoluci&#243;n industrial, quedarnos como compradores del poder ajeno. Los chips se hacen en Taiw&#225;n, los modelos se entrenan en California y en Pek&#237;n, y las reglas se escriben en Washington y en Bruselas. A nosotros nos llega el producto terminado y la factura mensual.</p><p>Ese libreto lo conocemos de memoria: la materia prima sale y el producto terminado vuelve, m&#225;s caro y con marca ajena. Pero el ant&#237;doto tambi&#233;n lo conocemos, y es igual de viejo: <strong>construir capacidades en casa.</strong> Tal vez aqu&#237; est&#225; la ventaja que casi nadie ve: <strong>un pueblo que tiene menos miedo es un pueblo m&#225;s f&#225;cil de movilizar para adoptar, siempre y cuando las ganancias se vean en el bolsillo.</strong> Por eso Brasil ya tiene su marco legal de IA, aprobado por el Senado y esperando votaci&#243;n en la C&#225;mara. La pregunta es si Colombia va a escribir solo reglas para sistemas que hacen otros, o si va a fabricar sus propios g&#243;lems.</p><h4><strong>Cuatro Futuros Para El G&#243;lem | 2040</strong></h4><p>Recuerden la cantaleta de todas las tomas: <strong>el futuro no es una l&#237;nea recta, es un abanico de posibilidades.</strong> Para abrir el debate cruc&#233; dos preguntas que hoy pocos pueden responder: <strong>&#191;el control va a seguirle el paso a la capacidad? y &#191;las ganancias se van a repartir o se las van a quedar unos pocos?</strong> De estas cuestiones se derivan cuatro futuros.</p><p>El primero lo he llamado <em>La Correa de Oro</em>. Bogot&#225;, 2040. A Mariana le llega su diagn&#243;stico en cuatro minutos, escrito por un modelo de IA que su cl&#237;nica le alquila a una empresa que ella nunca va a visitar. Es preciso, es amable y no es de ella. La cl&#237;nica paga una mensualidad a una empresa en Virginia del Norte, y los datos de la ciudad entrenan la siguiente versi&#243;n. Nada sali&#243; mal, y ese es justamente el problema que nadie sabe contar. En este escenario <strong>el miedo deja de ser la extinci&#243;n y se convierte en dependencia.</strong></p><p>El segundo es el que yo quisiera, se llama: <em>El Com&#250;n de las Mentes</em>. Medell&#237;n, 2040. Una cooperativa de barrio corre un modelo local certificado, sobre <em>c&#243;mputo p&#250;blico</em>, inspeccionado como se inspecciona un puente. Los profesores lo usan para darle un tutor a cada ni&#241;o; los peque&#241;os fabricantes, para dise&#241;ar y exportar. El barrio sigue discutiendo por todo, que es como uno sabe que es libre. En este escenario <strong>el miedo baja al nivel que le tenemos a volar: real, administrado y casi olvidado.</strong></p><p>El tercero es el de pesadilla, <em>El Mercado del Aprendiz de Brujo</em>. A&#241;o 2033: el cuarto incidente grave del a&#241;o con agentes aut&#243;nomos deja paralizada la log&#237;stica de un puerto durante nueve d&#237;as. Las acciones de la empresa suben y bajan. Los laboratorios se echan la culpa entre ellos, los reguladores le echan la culpa a los laboratorios, y todos siguen corriendo, porque frenar solo es perder. <strong>Todos los miedos llegan a su pico al mismo tiempo</strong>, la suma de todos lo miedos presenta escenarios caoticos.</p><p>El cuarto y ultimo, <em>La Rep&#250;blica Enjambre</em>. A&#241;o 2036: modelos poderosos corren en cualquier celular. Un vendedor ambulante en Lima carga en el bolsillo un abogado, un contador y un publicista. Tambi&#233;n los carga cada banda de estafadores y cada grupo armado. <strong>Nadie lo controla, as&#237; que nadie tiene la culpa</strong>, estamos viviendo en la selva de la IA.</p><p>Dos eventos completan el panorama. En el primero, un ataque potenciado por una IA causa una tragedia masiva y, en menos de dos a&#241;os, el mundo firma un tratado vinculante con licencias e inspecci&#243;n del c&#243;mputo. En el segundo, una terapia dise&#241;ada por IA cura un c&#225;ncer que ha matado millones de personas durante decadas, la opini&#243;n p&#250;blica se voltea en un a&#241;o, como pas&#243; con la vacuna de la polio. En ese caso, <strong>el miedo a la tecnolog&#237;a se convierte en miedo a quedarse por fuera de ella</strong>, y el <em>miedo del importador</em> se vuelve urgencia manifiesta.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4KmC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faace9300-aafd-43ef-bc83-e3724e20f123_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4KmC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faace9300-aafd-43ef-bc83-e3724e20f123_1536x1024.png 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4KmC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faace9300-aafd-43ef-bc83-e3724e20f123_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4KmC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faace9300-aafd-43ef-bc83-e3724e20f123_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4KmC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faace9300-aafd-43ef-bc83-e3724e20f123_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4KmC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faace9300-aafd-43ef-bc83-e3724e20f123_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>C&#243;mo se le Llega al Com&#250;n de la Gente</strong></h3><p>Si miramos hacia atr&#225;s desde ese Medell&#237;n de 2040, el camino tiene cuatro piedras que se pueden poner desde ya. La primera es <strong>medir nuestro propio miedo</strong>: casi no hay datos sobre lo que los latinoamericanos piensan de la superinteligencia, y en tierra de ciegos el tuerto es rey; quien lo mida va a marcar la conversaci&#243;n. La segunda es <strong>convertir la seguridad en rituales de confianza</strong>, porque la gente acepta herramientas peligrosas cuando ve que quien las maneja rinde cuentas. La tercera es <strong>mostrar las ganancias pronto y cerca</strong>: en las pymes, en los talleres, en la econom&#237;a informal, que es donde nuestro optimismo es m&#225;s alto, porque nada baja m&#225;s r&#225;pido el miedo que un ingreso que sube. La cuarta es la m&#225;s importante: <strong>construir capacidad, no solo reglas.</strong> Regular sin c&#243;mputo, sin talento y sin modelos propios es quedarse en la tribuna aplaudiendo el partido de otros, eso es como ver el mundial por television y putear al arbitro esperando a que te escuche.</p><p>En la Toma 37 les habl&#233; de la <em>paradoja del d&#237;namo</em>, una maquina nueva metida en una f&#225;brica con mentalidad vieja, aplica aqui al pie de la letra: <strong>no basta con que importemos el g&#243;lem (miedo); hay que aprender a escribir el papelito (programa).</strong></p><h4><strong>Los Viernes Que Nadie Se Olvide&#8230;</strong></h4><p>Otra vez vamonos para Praga, el Maharal muri&#243; en 1609 y est&#225; enterrado en el viejo cementerio jud&#237;o de la ciudad. Todav&#237;a hoy, cuatrocientos a&#241;os despu&#233;s, la gente sube hasta su tumba a dejarle piedritas y papelitos con deseos. El mundo sigue llev&#225;ndole papelitos al hombre que supo qu&#233; escribir en un pedazo de papel.</p><p>Lo que hizo que todo el mundo se empeliculara con la leyenda no fue que el rabino se invent&#243; un gigante de barro. Cualquiera con los materiales y la ambici&#243;n puede hacer un gigante de ceramica. <strong>Lo que hizo inmortal a este hombre es que el sab&#237;a como apagarlo.</strong> Sobre todo, lo que hizo el viernes que se le olvid&#243; apagarlo: no culp&#243; al g&#243;lem, no culp&#243; al emperador, no se qued&#243; llorando en la sinagoga, <strong>sali&#243; corriendo a la calle a arreglar su propio error.</strong></p><p>Esa es, para m&#237;, la lecci&#243;n m&#225;s optimista de todo este cuento, y se las quiero dejar tatuada: <strong>el problema de la superinteligencia nunca sera la superinteligencia, sino el oficio humano de escribir, vigilar y, cuando toque, borrar el papelito</strong>, ese es el gran reto.</p><p>Ese oficio aun est&#225; vacante. Durante cuatrocientos a&#241;os, la historia del g&#243;lem tuvo un solo protagonista, un sabio encerrado en un &#225;tico. Esta vez, por primera vez en la historia, <strong>el papelito no lo va a escribir un rabino: lo vamos a escribir entre millones.</strong> En c&#243;digo, en leyes, en empresas, en aulas y en conversaciones como esta. Lo van a escribir los ingenieros que auditan, los abogados que redactan reglas sensatas, los emprendedores que se atreven a construir modelos propios, los profesores que forman criterio, y cada persona que se niega a comprarle al culebrero el apocalipsis o humo a los ilusionistas.</p><p>A mi me gusta imaginar a una muchacha de veinte a&#241;os en Medell&#237;n, Bogota, Cali o en cualquier pueblo de Colombia, que en el 2035 trabajara como <em>auditora de modelos de IA</em> para una cooperativa. Todos los viernes revisa qu&#233; dice el papelito, qui&#233;n lo cambi&#243; y por qu&#233;. Mientras sus pap&#225;s le ten&#237;an miedo a la m&#225;quina. Ella no, ella no le teme al g&#243;lem: <strong>ella es la nieta del Maharal, con otra libreta.</strong> Esa muchacha puede ser tu hija, tu sobrina, tu alumna, o inclusive usted, si comienza ahora.</p><h4>Porque al final, <strong>el miedo no es el enemigo: es simplemente un aviso.</strong> Los que tienen miedo y se quedan quietos le dejan el l&#225;piz a otro. <strong>Los que tienen miedo y se ponen a aprender se quedan con el l&#225;piz.</strong></h4><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Tarea Para La Semana</strong></h3><p>Haz tu propio <em>libro de contabilidad del miedo</em>. Coge una hoja de papel, div&#237;dela en seis renglones (trabajo, mal uso, p&#233;rdida de control, concentraci&#243;n del poder, sentido y extinci&#243;n) y califica de uno a cinco cu&#225;nto te preocupa cada uno. Despu&#233;s, hazle la misma prueba a tu pareja, a tu socio o a tus hijos. Les aseguro que se van a llevar m&#225;s de una sorpresa.</p><p><strong>El futuro no es de quien construya el g&#243;lem m&#225;s grande. Es de quien sepa escribir, y borrar, la palabra que lo mueve.</strong></p><p>Nos leemos en la pr&#243;xima Toma, y esta vez la pr&#243;xima depende un poquito de ustedes. H&#225;ganme la tarea del libro de contabilidad del miedo y resp&#243;ndanme en los comentarios la pregunta del papelito: en la pr&#243;xima entrega les cuento qu&#233; respondi&#243; esta comunidad, porque si alguien va a medir el miedo latinoamericano a la superinteligencia, que empiece por nosotros. Y si esta Toma te movi&#243; el piso, comp&#225;rtela con ese amigo que anda cagado del susto con la IA y con ese otro que dice que todo es puro <em>hype</em>. Los dos la necesitan, y los dos van a querer leer lo que sigue.</p><p>FUTOPIX | Futurismo para gente despierta. Si llegaste hasta aqu&#237; y todav&#237;a no te has suscrito, hazlo: es gratis, es un clic, y lo escribe un humano que todav&#237;a sabe sacar el papelito los viernes.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>&#161;Gracias por leer y compartir!</strong></h4><h4><strong>GabrielBedoya.com</strong></h4><div><hr></div><h3><strong>INFOGRAFICO</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CTtT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F897e5db4-c835-4250-82bd-4b9fe8d2c924_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CTtT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F897e5db4-c835-4250-82bd-4b9fe8d2c924_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CTtT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F897e5db4-c835-4250-82bd-4b9fe8d2c924_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CTtT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F897e5db4-c835-4250-82bd-4b9fe8d2c924_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CTtT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F897e5db4-c835-4250-82bd-4b9fe8d2c924_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CTtT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F897e5db4-c835-4250-82bd-4b9fe8d2c924_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CTtT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F897e5db4-c835-4250-82bd-4b9fe8d2c924_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CTtT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F897e5db4-c835-4250-82bd-4b9fe8d2c924_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CTtT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F897e5db4-c835-4250-82bd-4b9fe8d2c924_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CTtT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F897e5db4-c835-4250-82bd-4b9fe8d2c924_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Nota de Fuentes</strong></h3><ul><li><p>Quinnipiac University, encuesta nacional de septiembre de 2026 (v&#237;a Fast Company y Archyde).</p></li><li><p>Pew Research Center, encuesta en EE. UU. del 22 al 28 de junio de 2026 y <em>Spring 2026 Global Attitudes Survey</em> en 37 pa&#237;ses (v&#237;a TechSpot, Revista Miner&#237;a &amp; Energ&#237;a y otros),</p></li><li><p>Bentley University&#8211;Gallup, mayo de 2026.</p></li><li><p>Ipsos, <em>AI Monitor 2026</em>.</p></li><li><p>Social Research Center, <em>Voces para un Futuro Digno: Colombia hacia 2046</em> (v&#237;a ENTER.CO).</p></li><li><p>Divulgaciones de Hugging Face y OpenAI sobre el incidente de julio de 2026.</p></li><li><p>Norbert Wiener, &#8220;Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation&#8221;, <em>Science</em>, 1960, y <em>God &amp; Golem, Inc.</em>, 1964.</p><div><hr></div></li></ul><h3><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h3><p>Este documento tiene fines exclusivamente <strong>informativos, educativos y de an&#225;lisis futurista</strong>. <strong>No constituye asesor&#237;a financiera, ni solicitud de inversi&#243;n, ni recomendaci&#243;n para comprar, vender o participar en ning&#250;n instrumento, empresa, proyecto o activo.</strong></p><p>Si alguien utiliza el contenido de este material para solicitar dinero, inversiones o participaci&#243;n econ&#243;mica, <strong>consid&#233;relo inmediatamente como una posible estafa</strong>.<br><br>Protege siempre tu informaci&#243;n personal y financiera.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El Primer Año | FUTOPIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[TOMA 52 | Cincuenta y Dos Semanas y la Baraja Completa&#8230;]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/el-primer-ano-futopix</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/el-primer-ano-futopix</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 04 Oct 2026 10:02:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jxFk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08105360-d8e5-474c-acba-075ecfa1e087_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Feliz Cumplea&#241;os FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p>Hace un a&#241;o, el domingo 14 de septiembre de 2025, salimos al aire con la primera Toma de FUTOPIX. Arrancamos este ejercicio, que hoy cumple un a&#241;o, con la frase de Gramsci que reza: <em>&#8220;Quien controla la eficacia de los s&#237;mbolos, controlar&#225; tu mente&#8221;</em>, y con el relato de un antrop&#243;logo infiltrado en el evento anual de una marca de venta directa en Miami, marcando con <em>#tags</em> mentales a sus <em>empeliculadores</em> profesionales, &#225;vidos vendedores de <em>Kool-Aid</em> que sub&#237;an a la tarima a contar sus proezas en el m&#225;s burdo y amplio festival de aduladores. <strong>A esa primera Toma la llam&#233; </strong><em><strong>La Guerra de los S&#237;mbolos</strong></em><strong>.</strong> Tengo que confesarles que cuando le di &#8220;publicar&#8221; no sab&#237;a si iba a existir una segunda.</p><p><strong>Hoy van cincuenta y dos encuentros.</strong></p><p>FUTOPIX es una iniciativa nacida de las entra&#241;as de 10AM. <strong>Naci&#243; por sugerencia de Hern&#225;n Jaramillo,</strong> quien me impuls&#243; a escribir esta aventura, por lo que considero importante, a estas alturas, otorgar los cr&#233;ditos. A todo se&#241;or, todo honor, y por eso vale la pena mencionarlo: <strong>sin Hern&#225;n y 10AM tal vez hoy no habr&#237;a FUTOPIX.</strong></p><p>Ni yo me la creo: <strong>hemos llegado a la semana cincuenta y dos, &#161;un a&#241;o! </strong>Cincuenta y dos semanas tiene un a&#241;o, como cincuenta y dos cartas tiene una baraja. Cincuenta y dos Tomas completa hoy esta aventura. <strong>No lo planeamos, pero el primer a&#241;o de FUTOPIX cabe exacto en una baraja de naipes</strong>, y eso, para los antrop&#243;logos que leemos el mundo de los s&#237;mbolos hasta en la sopa, es una se&#241;al que no podemos dejar pasar.</p><p>En Colombia, cuando un pela&#237;to cumple su primer a&#241;ito, algunas familias tiran la casa por la ventana: <strong>parten torta, inflan globos, rompen pi&#241;ata, reparten recordatorios, traen un payaso contratado y se sacan las fotos obligatorias del cumplea&#241;ero embadurnado de torta y helado hasta las orejas. </strong>Esta Toma que leeremos hoy es la fiesta del primer a&#241;ito de FUTOPIX. Nos hace falta contratar el payaso (aunque m&#225;s de uno me dir&#225; que el payaso soy yo), pero s&#237; tenemos pi&#241;ata, y al final de esta Toma la romperemos entre todos, porque adentro vienen las sorpresas.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wedi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086b1570-b645-4228-ae6a-0eb17ec83341_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wedi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086b1570-b645-4228-ae6a-0eb17ec83341_1672x941.png 424w, 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pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>El Almanaque Poor Richard&#8217;s</strong></h3><p>Como todos los que leen FUTOPIX saben, a m&#237; me gusta devolverme en el tiempo para entender de d&#243;nde salieron las <em>se&#241;ales d&#233;biles</em> que luego se convirtieron en tendencia y terminaron en grandes transformaciones. Dicho esto, viajemos a Filadelfia, al 28 de diciembre de 1732, donde un ambicioso impresor de veintis&#233;is a&#241;os, con una lengua m&#225;s afilada que machete reci&#233;n amolado, lanz&#243; al mercado un almanaque. <strong>Como buen tramposo, no lo firm&#243; con su nombre, sino que lo hizo firmar por un impostor,</strong> un tal <em>Richard Saunders</em>, un astr&#243;logo pobre, casado con una se&#241;ora que lo levantaba permanentemente a cantaleta porque no aportaba plata para la casa. Pas&#243; el tiempo y la gente se enter&#243; de que el impresor se llamaba <strong>Benjamin Franklin</strong>, y el almanaque, <em>Poor Richard&#8217;s Almanack</em>.</p><p><strong>Los almanaques fueron los medios masivos de la era preindustrial</strong> y se mantuvieron vigentes hasta bien entrados nuestros d&#237;as; si no me creen, <strong>preg&#250;ntenle a los abuelos por el </strong><em><strong>Almanaque Bristol</strong></em><strong> (creo que a&#250;n existe).</strong></p><p>Para comprender la jugadita de Franklin hay que entender qu&#233; era un almanaque en ese entonces. Por que<strong> no eran libros de lujo, sino una herramienta de supervivencia. </strong>Estas publicaciones tra&#237;an el calendario, las fases de la luna, las mareas, los eclipses, cu&#225;ndo sembrar y cu&#225;ndo cosechar, y algo de astrolog&#237;a para animar la cosa. <strong>Eran tan importantes que en una casa de la colonia pod&#237;a faltar casi de todo, menos el almanaque del a&#241;o,</strong> que siempre estaba ah&#237;, a la mano: el mecanismo de consulta por excelencia, cada semana. <strong>El almanaque fue el primer </strong><em><strong>feed</strong></em><strong> de redes sociales en las Am&#233;ricas.</strong></p><p>Como todo buen <em>feed</em> de redes, necesitaba tener <em>engagement</em>. Franklin, como buen <em>influencer</em>, lo consigui&#243; con una de las movidas m&#225;s sinverg&#252;enzas de la historia del periodismo. En su primera edici&#243;n, Poor Richard anunci&#243;, con la seriedad de todo buen tramposo, que su principal competidor, el almanaquero <em>Titan Leeds</em>, morir&#237;a el <strong>17 de octubre de 1733, a las 3:29 de la tarde</strong>, en el instante exacto de la conjunci&#243;n del Sol y Mercurio. Luego remat&#243; con una invitaci&#243;n que, palabras m&#225;s, palabras menos, dec&#237;a: &#191;quieren saber si acert&#233;? Compren la edici&#243;n del a&#241;o que viene (mejor dicho, dej&#243; a los lectores en &#8220;continuar&#225;&#8230;&#8221;).</p><p>Pues s&#237;, se&#241;ores, se lleg&#243; la fecha anunciada y Mr. Leeds, vivito y coleando, respondi&#243; furioso a la publicaci&#243;n diciendo que estaba perfectamente sano. Entonces Franklin ni se inmut&#243;: respondi&#243; que el pobre Leeds s&#237; estaba muerto, pero que la informaci&#243;n que andaba circulando era de un impostor que usaba su nombre para publicar almanaques de inferior calidad. La cosa se qued&#243; as&#237; y el chiste dur&#243; varios a&#241;os. Cuando el se&#241;or Titan Leeds muri&#243; de verdad, en 1738, Franklin public&#243; una nota felicitando a los impostores por haber tenido, por fin, la decencia de terminar con la farsa. <strong>Un </strong><em><strong>troll</strong></em><strong> de nivel ol&#237;mpico, dos siglos y medio antes de que existiera internet.</strong> </p><p>Lo curioso de todo el asunto es que la maniobra ni siquiera era suya: se la hab&#237;a copiado a Jonathan Swift, que en 1708 hab&#237;a hecho lo mismo contra otro astr&#243;logo ingl&#233;s bajo el seud&#243;nimo de <em>Isaac Bickerstaff</em>. Mejor dicho, <strong>en este mundo del contenido nada se crea, todo se remezcla.</strong> En la universidad nos dec&#237;an que la informaci&#243;n y la energ&#237;a se rigen por las mismas reglas de la <em>termodin&#225;mica</em>: <strong>(1) la informaci&#243;n ni se crea ni se destruye, se transforma; (2) no se puede construir informaci&#243;n sin informaci&#243;n como base, y (3) todo proceso de informaci&#243;n tiende al caos. </strong>Hoy creo m&#225;s que nunca en estos postulados, aun en tiempos de la IA, ahora <em>Superinteligencia</em> (SI).</p><p>El almanaque fue un &#233;xito brutal. Lleg&#243; a tirajes de diez mil ejemplares al a&#241;o, una barbaridad para las colonias, y Franklin cosech&#243; de &#233;l durante veintis&#233;is a&#241;os, hasta 1758.</p><p>Ahora bien, lo que hizo inmortal a Poor Richard no fueron sus predicciones. Estas eran apenas el gancho, el <em>clickbait</em> del siglo XVIII. Lo que la gente buscaba en cada edici&#243;n eran sus refranes: <em>&#8220;Acostarse temprano y levantarse temprano hace al hombre sano, rico y sabio&#8221;</em>, <em>&#8220;un centavo ahorrado es un centavo ganado&#8221;</em>. <strong>Los historiadores calculan que Franklin escribi&#243; apenas uno de cada diez de esos refranes.</strong> Los dem&#225;s los recogi&#243; de colecciones viejas, de otros textos, de conversaciones callejeras; los puli&#243;, los adapt&#243; a la tierra y los devolvi&#243; con la voz de Poor Richard. El valor de sus publicaciones no estaba en sembrar las semillas del futuro. Estaba en sentarse cada a&#241;o con su gente, a la misma hora y en el mismo lugar, a ordenar el mundo, a identificar se&#241;ales d&#233;biles y a magnificarlas. En palabras m&#225;s simples: <strong>el producto de Franklin no eran las profec&#237;as, era el futurismo.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!crey!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F573293de-6032-4edc-9e17-5bf756206c3f_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!crey!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F573293de-6032-4edc-9e17-5bf756206c3f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!crey!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F573293de-6032-4edc-9e17-5bf756206c3f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!crey!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F573293de-6032-4edc-9e17-5bf756206c3f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!crey!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F573293de-6032-4edc-9e17-5bf756206c3f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!crey!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F573293de-6032-4edc-9e17-5bf756206c3f_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!crey!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F573293de-6032-4edc-9e17-5bf756206c3f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!crey!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F573293de-6032-4edc-9e17-5bf756206c3f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!crey!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F573293de-6032-4edc-9e17-5bf756206c3f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!crey!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F573293de-6032-4edc-9e17-5bf756206c3f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>El Calendario como Tecnolog&#237;a</strong></h3><p>Como siempre suelo decir, a veces se me sale el antrop&#243;logo, por lo cual les pido un poco de paciencia. En la Toma 48 les habl&#233; del hombre del Neol&#237;tico con WiFi, y de c&#243;mo la humanidad lleva m&#225;s de diez mil a&#241;os produciendo herramientas a partir de la cultura como sistema operativo de los humanos. Dicho esto, una de las primeras herramientas que inventamos no fueron las puntas de flecha, el arado ni la rueda. <strong>Una de las primeras cosas que la cultura cre&#243; fue el calendario.</strong> Antes de aprender a escribir, ya marc&#225;bamos lunas en huesos y aline&#225;bamos piedras observando las rutas del sol. Inicialmente no lo hac&#237;amos de espont&#225;neos, por amor a la astronom&#237;a; lo hac&#237;amos porque una <em>tropilla</em> (20 individuos m&#225;ximo) necesita ponerse de acuerdo en temas como cu&#225;ndo sembrar, cu&#225;ndo cazar, cu&#225;ndo celebrar y cu&#225;ndo llorar a sus muertos. Tengo un borrador de FUTOPIX en remojo para hablarles de las tropillas, un asunto bien importante que explica por qu&#233; no somos capaces de manejar relaciones paralelas con m&#225;s de veinte personas al mismo tiempo; ya casi se los dejo para lectura.</p><p>Recuerden que la tecnolog&#237;a no se limita a lo mec&#225;nico o a lo digital: es <em>techn&#275;</em>, t&#233;cnica, cuerpo, organizaci&#243;n. <strong>El calendario es tal vez la tecnolog&#237;a social m&#225;s vieja que tenemos: la que convierte a un mont&#243;n de individuos en un &#8220;nosotros&#8221;.</strong></p><p>El antrop&#243;logo Arnold van Gennep lo describi&#243; en 1909 con su teor&#237;a de los <em>ritos de paso</em>: los seres humanos marcamos los cambios de estado con ceremonias, para que la comunidad reconozca que algo ya no es lo que era (<em>liminalidades</em>, una hermosura). El bautizo, los quince, el grado, la boda, el velorio, etc. Para nosotros: el primer a&#241;o. <strong>En este aniversario no celebramos la vanidad, sino la forma con la cual decimos &#8220;esto existe, y es de nosotros&#8221;.</strong></p><p>Por eso, escribir cada domingo no ha sido, para m&#237;, producir contenido. Lo he dicho much&#237;simas veces: yo no escribo para nadie en particular, lo hago para m&#237;, como ejercicio, como cuando se sale a correr, a montar en cicla o al gimnasio. <strong>Cada FUTOPIX es para m&#237; una sesi&#243;n de aer&#243;bicos cerebrales.</strong> Una Toma semanal no crea un medio de comunicaci&#243;n: <strong>es simplemente un calendario compartido entre nosotros</strong>, una cita que ustedes y yo hemos sostenido cincuenta y dos veces.</p><h4>No Faltaron los Odiadores</h4><p>Como todo en la vida, no faltan los antagonistas: <strong>los futuristas adivinos que todo lo saben</strong>, los primos hermanos de Titan Leeds, los gur&#250;s de LinkedIn que venden certezas con fecha, hora y conjunci&#243;n planetaria. Algunos de ellos, antrop&#243;logos &#8220;colegas&#8221;, que me salen con: &#8220;es que a vos FUTOPIX te lo escribe una IA&#8221;, &#8220;dej&#225; de predicar que en 2030 desaparecer&#225;n todos los abogados&#8221;, &#8220;vos sos un lacayo del capitalismo&#8221;, &#8220;viv&#237;s diciendo que el a&#241;o entrante la IA reemplaza al 80 % de los empleos&#8221;, &#8220;compra ya, que esto se va para la luna&#8221;. En fin, los mismos que nunca escriben escriben nada y salen a torcer el discurso para vender ideol&#243;gias con fecha de vencimiento.</p><p>Muy a pesar de ellos, desde el comienzo me he propuesto que FUTOPIX sea un <em>magaz&#237;n</em> entretenido, <strong>una ventana al futuro, m&#225;s que un ventorrillo de ilusiones</strong>. Aqu&#237; no recomendamos comprar nada, porque no somos expertos en nada. No adivinamos la hora de la muerte de nadie, ni siquiera la de la competencia. <strong>No defiendo el futurismo como el arte de acertar, sino como el arte de prepararse para lo que no se puede acertar.</strong> Por eso, durante este a&#241;o que pas&#243;, hablamos de se&#241;ales d&#233;biles, de sistemas, de escenarios, de sapos que saltan en el charco, y nunca jam&#225;s de bolas de cristal.</p><p>Bueno, ya no le demos m&#225;s vitrina a los odiadores, porque no la merecen&#8230;</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X601!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60686f3-feaa-4aa1-ab49-8bec48c0bd4a_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X601!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60686f3-feaa-4aa1-ab49-8bec48c0bd4a_1024x1536.png" width="1024" height="1536" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X601!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60686f3-feaa-4aa1-ab49-8bec48c0bd4a_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X601!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60686f3-feaa-4aa1-ab49-8bec48c0bd4a_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X601!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60686f3-feaa-4aa1-ab49-8bec48c0bd4a_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X601!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60686f3-feaa-4aa1-ab49-8bec48c0bd4a_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>La Baraja Completa</strong></h3><p>Dicen los buenos tah&#250;res que todo buen jugador de cartas recuerda cada mano que jug&#243;. Yo no s&#233; si soy buen jugador, pero me di un pase&#237;to por la memoria escrita de FUTOPIX y revis&#233; las cincuenta y una Tomas anteriores. <strong>Esta vez s&#237;, con la ayuda de mi IA, descubrimos algo que me puso la piel de gallina: las cincuenta y dos Tomas se dejan dividir en cuatro palos de trece cartas exactas, y cada palo cuenta una etapa distinta de este primer a&#241;o.</strong></p><h4>Tr&#233;boles | La Siembra (Tomas 1 a 13)</h4><p>No vayan a pensar que les estoy tirando el tarot, aunque no ser&#237;a mala idea, pero d&#233;jenme explicarles un poco la <em>semi&#243;tica</em> detr&#225;s de las cartas. <strong>El tr&#233;bol es la carta del campo, y estas primeras trece fueron eso: semillas esparcidas al aire, sin saber cu&#225;les iban a germinar.</strong></p><p>Arrancamos con <em>La Guerra de los S&#237;mbolos</em>, sobre c&#243;mo marcas, memes y pol&#237;ticos se volvieron los nuevos avatares en la lucha por apoderarse de nuestros sistemas simb&#243;licos. Seguimos con <em>Antonomasias Digitales</em>, donde nos preguntamos c&#243;mo los <em>gemelos digitales</em> van a reescribir la identidad humana, y con <em>GAIA 2100</em>, el viaje de la carne y el hueso al acero inoxidable: el <em>transhumanismo</em>. Ah&#237; ya se notaba la obsesi&#243;n que me iba a perseguir todo el a&#241;o: <strong>qu&#233; le pasa a lo humano cuando la m&#225;quina se le parece demasiado</strong>, un tema que me mantiene cabez&#243;n.</p><p>Luego vino la trilog&#237;a del m&#233;todo. Con <em>Dise&#241;ando el Futuro desde el Futuro</em> nos pusimos las gafas de futuristas para entender la incertidumbre, y las dos partes de <em>El Futuro es un Sistema, no una L&#237;nea de Tiempo</em> dejaron sentada una de las ideas madre de FUTOPIX: <em>la ventaja antropol&#243;gica</em>. <strong>Quien entiende las reglas de c&#243;mo funciona la cultura le lleva millas de ventaja a quien solo entiende algoritmos y tecnolog&#237;a.</strong></p><p>Despu&#233;s, la siembra se volvi&#243; literal. En <em>Cosechando el Futuro</em> imaginamos la agricultura del 2050, y la Toma del <em>terroir</em> nos llev&#243; a ver c&#243;mo tierra, tecnolog&#237;a y tiempo van a fermentar la pr&#243;xima civilizaci&#243;n, de la mano de Erasmo y su frase de que el vino es la prueba visible de que la tierra ama al ser humano. Pasamos <em>Del Dr. Google al Dr. GPT</em>, nos preguntamos qu&#233; pasar&#237;a si Colombia tuviera un D&#237;a de Acci&#243;n de Gracias y si existe algo as&#237; como una <em>econom&#237;a de la gratitud</em>, regresamos al <em>pensamiento en primeros principios</em>, resignificamos los tiempos muertos en <em>La Econom&#237;a del No Tiempo</em> y cerramos el palo con una carta de navegaci&#243;n para construir <em>agentes personales de IA</em> desde la antropolog&#237;a. <strong>Trece semillas esparcidas, sin plan, sin ambiciones, sin presunciones y sin expectativas.</strong> Algunas brotaron r&#225;pido; otras todav&#237;a est&#225;n debajo de la tierra, esperando su temporada.</p><h4>Picas | La Espada (Tomas 14 a 26)</h4><p>En la baraja espa&#241;ola las picas son espadas (en realidad son puntas de lanza); este fue el palo del filo. El a&#241;o cambi&#243; y el mundo se puso serio. <em>Los Robots y la Econom&#237;a Humanoide</em>, en dos partes, nos dej&#243; una consigna que todav&#237;a repito: <strong>olv&#237;date del humanoide, conc&#233;ntrate en observar el sistema.</strong> <em>M&#225;s All&#225; de la Empat&#237;a Pol&#237;tica</em> habl&#243; de distintividad, costo simb&#243;lico y la rebeli&#243;n contra el <em>simulacro</em>. En enero, <em>Cuando un Vecino se Convierte en el Arquitecto</em> registr&#243; el d&#237;a en que el mapa regional cambi&#243;, seguida de <em>Entendiendo el Arte de la Guerra</em>, con lecciones de geopol&#237;tica para la transici&#243;n democr&#225;tica en Venezuela. <strong>Escribir futurismo con la historia pasando por la ventana es otra cosa</strong>, parceritos.</p><p>Despu&#233;s levantamos la mirada. <em>Orden en los Cielos</em> fue de la Tierra a Marte, y <em>El Silencio es la Se&#241;al</em> nos llev&#243; a preguntarnos, con energ&#237;a y civilizaci&#243;n como hilo conductor, por qu&#233; el universo todav&#237;a no nos ha contestado (tengo unos borradores loqu&#237;simos en remojo sobre este tema, esperando convertirse en Tomas FUTOPIX, en los que trabajo preguntas como esta: si construir <em>esferas de Dyson</em> es el pr&#243;ximo paso civilizatorio, &#191;por qu&#233; hasta ahora no hemos detectado ninguna civilizaci&#243;n con una construcci&#243;n de este tipo, sabiendo que su huella electromagn&#233;tica ser&#237;a inocultable para el universo visible?). <em>Antropof&#237;sica</em> revis&#243; lo que Hollywood nos ha ense&#241;ado sobre las civilizaciones del futuro, y <em>Cualquiera es Inversionista en Tiempos de Ciencia Normal</em> explor&#243; los arquetipos de la mente inversionista.</p><p>Luego bajamos a la casa y al cuerpo: <em>La Casa del 2050</em>, con el fin de la vivienda pasiva; <em>Del Totemismo al Terianismo</em>, sobre el regreso del alma animal en la era de los algoritmos, y <em>El Tiempo Libre como Modelo de Negocios</em>, porque vivir ocupado sale caro.</p><p>El naipe cerr&#243; con la carta que lo cambi&#243; todo: <em><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; Deber&#237;an Estudiar Nuestros Hijos para Ser Relevantes en la Econom&#237;a de la IA y los Humanoides?</strong></em> Fue la Toma que rompi&#243; todos los r&#233;cords de lectura de FUTOPIX; ninguna de mis publicaciones ha recibido m&#225;s atenci&#243;n que esta. Me ense&#241;&#243; una lecci&#243;n que no he le&#237;do en ninguna parte: <strong>la pregunta que m&#225;s le duele a la gente es la que m&#225;s lectura alcanza.</strong> Desde ah&#237; entend&#237; que FUTOPIX no estaba para responder lo que yo quer&#237;a decir, sino lo que a todos nos quita el sue&#241;o. Esta Toma lo cambi&#243; todo para m&#237; de ah&#237; en adelante.</p><h4>Diamantes | Los Oros (Tomas 27 a 39)</h4><p>Los oros son las cartas que representan la plata, la ambici&#243;n y la empresa. <strong>Estos fueron los s&#237;mbolos con los que FUTOPIX se quit&#243; la corbata</strong>: atr&#225;s quedaron mis &#250;ltimos escritos protocolarios, y de aqu&#237; en adelante me permit&#237; ser yo, dejar que fuera mi voz la que guiara la narraci&#243;n.</p><p>Empec&#233; midi&#233;ndome con la m&#225;quina en <em>Creatividad vs. IA</em> (un tema que me apasiona sobremanera) y, al mismo tiempo, entendiendo que <strong>el contexto es el nuevo sistema operativo de las arquitecturas ag&#233;nticas</strong>. <em>Aprende a Leer las Se&#241;ales D&#233;biles</em> me ha ense&#241;ado a cazar sapos en el charco antes de que salten a la calle. <em>De Emprendedor a Llor&#243;n</em> fue la Toma m&#225;s honesta que he escrito sobre hacer empresa en Colombia: lo que nadie te cuenta, contado sin anestesia, y por la cual me dieron garrote con toda. <em>Porque tus Hijos Necesitan Aprender a Invertir</em> le hizo segunda a la carta de los hijos: de ahorrar a navegar sistemas econ&#243;micos inteligentes.</p><p>Seguimos creciendo y entonces lleg&#243; la carta que, para m&#237;, es el coraz&#243;n escondido de este a&#241;o y el m&#225;ximo de los <em>insights</em>, el evento que me hizo libre: <em><strong>La Espada y el Compa&#241;ero</strong></em>. Ah&#237; les cont&#233; c&#243;mo una herramienta de IA me cerr&#243; una herida de veinticinco a&#241;os: <strong>la distancia eterna entre tener la idea y poder ejecutarla.</strong> Musashi y sus dos espadas, el <em>compa&#241;ero de inmersi&#243;n</em>, la relaci&#243;n entre idea y ejecuci&#243;n cambiada para siempre. <strong>En esa Toma no habl&#233; del futuro: lo estren&#233;.</strong></p><p>De ah&#237; en adelante, la ambici&#243;n se solt&#243; el pelo. <em>Las Cuatro Lunas de Galileo</em> nos advirti&#243; que cuando alguien te ofrezca bajarte la luna podr&#237;a estar hablando en serio, con <em>helio-3</em> de por medio. <em>El &#218;ltimo Mundial</em> destap&#243; la guerra por la supremac&#237;a de los coleccionables. <em>Por Qu&#233; Nos Cuesta Pensar en Grande</em> diagnostic&#243; nuestro problema de escala, y <em>Space Coast Colombia</em> cont&#243; c&#243;mo un naranjal se transform&#243; en un puerto espacial, mirando de reojo al Golfo de Urab&#225;.</p><p>Cerramos con una trilog&#237;a empresarial de esas que dan ganas de envi&#225;rselas al jefe, y mucho m&#225;s a los exjefes. <em>La Paradoja del D&#237;namo</em>: empresas que invierten en IA mientras siguen pensando con la cabeza de la m&#225;quina de vapor, un motor nuevo en una arquitectura empresarial vieja. <em>El Factor Fricci&#243;n</em>: por qu&#233; gobiernos, c&#225;maras de comercio y algunas grandes corporaciones son los campeones mundiales de la fricci&#243;n, con su taxonom&#237;a de <em>fricci&#243;n accidental, protectora y extractiva</em>. <em>Los Negocios Aburridos</em>: mil d&#243;lares m&#225;s IA igual a medio mill&#243;n, porque <strong>muchos persiguen unicornios, pero nadie se sienta a observar la mula que carga el oro.</strong></p><h4>Corazones | Las Copas (Tomas 40 a 52)</h4><p>Llegamos al palo de los corazones, el de las copas, el de lo humano. Si los tr&#233;boles fueron semilla, las picas filo y los oros ambici&#243;n, <strong>este &#250;ltimo palo fue la pregunta por el alma.</strong> Sin planearlo, las &#250;ltimas trece Tomas se pusieron filos&#243;ficas, y creo que es porque, despu&#233;s de un a&#241;o mirando m&#225;quinas, uno termina inevitablemente mir&#225;ndose al espejo.</p><p><em>Cuando el M&#233;dico Vive Contigo</em> narr&#243; el d&#237;a en que la medicina dej&#243; de ser turista. <em>El Segundo Ad&#225;n</em> nos record&#243; que la <em>ontolog&#237;a</em> es antropolog&#237;a con otro nombre. <em>Saltadores Cu&#225;nticos</em> anunci&#243; que la pr&#243;xima d&#233;cada no ser&#225; incremental. <em>Honestidad Brutal</em> desenmascar&#243; a la <em>malicia ind&#237;gena</em> disfrazada de IA y me dej&#243; una frase que hoy cobra otro sentido: <em>mientras ustedes me lean, yo existo</em>. <em>Bandeja Paisa Espacial</em> imagin&#243; lo que comeremos camino a las estrellas (<em>spoiler</em>: los fr&#237;joles van, as&#237; toque negociarlo con la NASA). <em>El Departamento 33</em> hizo la anatom&#237;a de la di&#225;spora empresarial colombiana, ese pa&#237;s que vive por fuera del mapa.</p><p>Despu&#233;s vino el tramo m&#225;s hondo. <em>Camino al Transhumanismo</em> decret&#243; el fin del <em>dise&#241;o centrado en lo humano</em>. <em>Cuando el Mito se Hace Realidad</em> celebr&#243; el supuesto cumplea&#241;os de <em>Skynet</em>, el 29 de agosto, para descubrir que esa misma fecha conmemora el cierre de <em>Semipalatinsk</em>, y que <strong>entre la m&#225;quina que no supimos apagar y la que s&#237; apagamos, la nuestra tiene mejor final.</strong> <em>El Hombre del Neol&#237;tico con WiFi</em> nos mostr&#243; diez mil a&#241;os domesticando el mundo para terminar domesticados por un algoritmo. <em>La Muerte Simb&#243;lica</em> explic&#243; por qu&#233; la atenci&#243;n nos mantiene vivos. <em>Domadores de IAs</em> nos ense&#241;&#243; a construir culturas a prueba de IA, y la semana pasada, <em>Salve Usted la Patria</em> cabalg&#243; del lancero de Rond&#243;n al algoritmo, convocando a miles de <em>lanceros digitales</em> sin uniforme.</p><p>La carta n&#250;mero cincuenta y dos es esta que tienes en la pantalla. La que cierra la baraja: es el rey de corazones, si me permiten la vanidad de cumplea&#241;ero.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gAUj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0d1ff4-e272-4cbe-a28b-da1ea696f491_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gAUj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0d1ff4-e272-4cbe-a28b-da1ea696f491_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gAUj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0d1ff4-e272-4cbe-a28b-da1ea696f491_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gAUj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0d1ff4-e272-4cbe-a28b-da1ea696f491_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gAUj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0d1ff4-e272-4cbe-a28b-da1ea696f491_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gAUj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0d1ff4-e272-4cbe-a28b-da1ea696f491_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Puesto #41 en Ciencia</strong></h3><p>Ahora d&#233;jenme presumir un poquito, que para eso son los cumplea&#241;os. Este primer a&#241;o, <strong>FUTOPIX lleg&#243; al puesto #41 entre las publicaciones de ciencia de toda la red de Substack.</strong> Yo lo digo con una felicidad extrema, de esas cosas que no le caben a uno en el pecho, porque esa lista no est&#225; dividida por idiomas. Ah&#237; compiten publicaciones gringas, brit&#225;nicas, de laboratorios, de universidades, de periodistas cient&#237;ficos con equipos detr&#225;s. <strong>En medio de ese mar, una publicaci&#243;n escrita en espa&#241;ol, desde la antropolog&#237;a, por un paisa sin agenda, con m&#225;s preguntas que respuestas, es todo un logro</strong>, o por lo menos as&#237; lo quiero ver yo para auto motivarme a escribir otras 52 Tomas.</p><p>&#191;Saben por qu&#233; me emociona tanto? Porque aqu&#237; tambi&#233;n hay un antagonista, y es m&#225;s viejo que Titan Leeds: <strong>el complejo de que la ciencia y el futuro se piensan en ingl&#233;s y nosotros apenas los traducimos.</strong> Ese complejo que nos hace creer que lo serio viene de afuera, que el futuro llega empacado desde Silicon Valley y que a nosotros nos toca leer el manual de instrucciones con dos a&#241;os de retraso.</p><p>Cada lengua es una manera distinta de cortar el mundo en pedazos. <strong>Pensar el futuro en espa&#241;ol no es pensar el mismo futuro con otras palabras: es pensar otro futuro.</strong> Uno con bandeja paisa en la &#243;rbita, con malicia ind&#237;gena frente a la IA, con lanceros digitales, con di&#225;spora, con tusa y con refranes. Un futuro que no se puede traducir porque naci&#243; aqu&#237;.</p><p>Como la vida tiene sentido del humor, este mismo septiembre FUTOPIX empez&#243; a hablar ingl&#233;s: las primeras diez <em>Takes</em> ya est&#225;n publicadas para lectores del otro lado del charco. Pero f&#237;jense en la peque&#241;a revancha: <strong>esta vez el original est&#225; en espa&#241;ol y la traducci&#243;n en ingl&#233;s.</strong> Franklin le copi&#243; el chiste a Swift; nosotros, por lo menos, devolvemos el favor con ideas propias.</p><h4>Gracias, Muchas Gracias de Verdad</h4><p>En esta parte del texto me pongo un poquito serio, aunque sea un ratico (mi pap&#225; me dec&#237;a: &#8220;Mijo, el d&#237;a que seas serio, ser&#225;s el mejor de mis hijos&#8221;. Yo siempre le respond&#237;: &#8220;Pap&#225;, el d&#237;a que yo sea serio, ser&#233; el m&#225;s pendejo de tus hijos&#8221;).</p><p>En la Toma 49 escrib&#237; que la atenci&#243;n es lo que nos mantiene vivos, que la <em>muerte simb&#243;lica</em> llega cuando nadie te mira. En la Toma 43 dej&#233; dicho que mientras ustedes me lean, yo existo. Hoy esas dos frases me caen encima con todo su peso, porque <strong>FUTOPIX existe porque ustedes lo leen.</strong> No hay algoritmo, ni <em>ranking</em>, ni puesto #41 que valga sin la persona que se tom&#243; veinte minutos de su domingo para leer una Toma completa. Que ustedes hagan eso cada domingo tiene un valor inconmensurable para m&#237;, porque <strong>el bien m&#225;s preciado que todos los humanos tenemos se llama tiempo. Quien no valora su tiempo, no valora su vida.</strong></p><p>Gracias a todos los que est&#225;n desde la Toma 1, a los que llegaron despu&#233;s y a los que llegaron la semana pasada. A los que comentan, a los que debaten, a los que me corrigen una fecha (que siempre es bienvenido, porque en esta casa la honestidad no viene en presentaci&#243;n <em>light</em>). A los que hacen <em>restack</em>, a los que me recomiendan. Muy especialmente, a los que reenv&#237;an la Toma por WhatsApp al grupo de la familia, a ese t&#237;o que todav&#237;a cree que la IA es un invento del diablo. Gracias infinitas a los que pagan, porque me ayudan a seguir adelante. <strong>Ustedes son el boca a boca, la red oral y la fantas&#237;a que ning&#250;n algoritmo puede comprar.</strong></p><p><strong>Gracias por mantener vivo a este almanaque durante cincuenta y dos semanas.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DG2K!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F838f67ad-1230-49f1-9c93-2d849774a765_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DG2K!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F838f67ad-1230-49f1-9c93-2d849774a765_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DG2K!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F838f67ad-1230-49f1-9c93-2d849774a765_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DG2K!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F838f67ad-1230-49f1-9c93-2d849774a765_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DG2K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F838f67ad-1230-49f1-9c93-2d849774a765_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DG2K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F838f67ad-1230-49f1-9c93-2d849774a765_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DG2K!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F838f67ad-1230-49f1-9c93-2d849774a765_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DG2K!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F838f67ad-1230-49f1-9c93-2d849774a765_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DG2K!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F838f67ad-1230-49f1-9c93-2d849774a765_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DG2K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F838f67ad-1230-49f1-9c93-2d849774a765_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>La Pi&#241;ata</strong></h3><p>Toda baraja que se respete, adem&#225;s de sus cincuenta y dos cartas, trae un par de comodines: las cartas que cambian el juego. Como les promet&#237; que tambi&#233;n tendr&#237;amos pi&#241;ata para celebrar, &#161;se lleg&#243; la hora de darle palo! &#161;Upa, pues!</p><p>En 1757, ya consagrado, Franklin hizo algo muy inteligente: tom&#243; lo mejor de veinticinco a&#241;os de almanaques, junt&#243; sus refranes favoritos en un solo texto y lo public&#243; como <em>The Way to Wealth</em>, <em>El Camino hacia la Riqueza</em>. Se volvi&#243; uno de los textos m&#225;s le&#237;dos de su &#233;poca a ambos lados del Atl&#225;ntico. <strong>El almanaque se consum&#237;a en un a&#241;o, mientras que el libro se qued&#243; para siempre.</strong></p><p>Nosotros vamos a hacer lo mismo, pero en tres formatos, ah&#237; van los confites.</p><p><strong>FUTOPIX Podcast:</strong> las ideas de esta casa van a tener voz. Para los que no tienen tiempo de leer, para los que quieren escuchar las Tomas en el carro, en el gimnasio o en el tranc&#243;n de la Autopista Sur, y para conversar con la profundidad que a veces no cabe en un texto. Si Franklin hubiera tenido micr&#243;fono, el pobre Titan Leeds no habr&#237;a sobrevivido ni un a&#241;o. <strong>He realizado una alianza con un peso pesado del futurismo para que sea mi </strong><em><strong>cohost</strong></em>, y entre los dos llevemos las voces del futurismo al contexto latinoamericano. Muy pronto les estar&#233; anunciando cu&#225;ndo arrancamos con FUTOPIX Episodio 1.</p><p><strong>FUTOPIX Video:</strong> porque el futuro tambi&#233;n se ve, y hay ideas que necesitan imagen, mapa, gr&#225;fico y gesto para entenderse completas. Los sapos del charco, ahora en alta definici&#243;n. <strong>Estamos preparando la cancha para que cada FUTOPIX no solo se pueda escuchar en la aplicaci&#243;n de Substack, sino que pueda verse en formato video en YouTube.</strong></p><p><strong>FUTOPIX Libro:</strong> <strong>cincuenta y dos infogr&#225;ficos, uno por cada Toma de nuestro primer a&#241;o.</strong> Por sugerencia de ustedes, los lectores, hoy cada Toma de FUTOPIX viene acompa&#241;ada de un infogr&#225;fico, una s&#237;ntesis visual para guardar, imprimir y compartir. Ahora los vamos a reunir en una sola pieza: la baraja completa, para tenerla en la mesa, para regalar, para subrayar, para pelear con ella. Nuestro propio <em>Camino hacia la Riqueza</em>, solo que aqu&#237; <strong>la riqueza no se mide en centavos ahorrados, sino en futuros entendidos.</strong></p><p>Ahora, imagina qu&#233; pasar&#237;a si&#8230; dentro de diez a&#241;os, en 2036, alguien encuentra ese libro en la biblioteca de un colegio en Tumaco, en Quibd&#243; o en un barrio de Medell&#237;n. Un pelao de catorce a&#241;os lo abre en la carta que dice <em>Qu&#233; Deber&#237;an Estudiar Nuestros Hijos</em>, se le prende el bombillo y decide, ah&#237; mismo, <strong>&#161;que el futuro tambi&#233;n se puede pensar en espa&#241;ol y desde su barrio!</strong></p><h4>Tarea para la Semana</h4><p>Repasa la baraja. Elige <strong>una sola carta</strong>: la Toma que m&#225;s te movi&#243; el piso este a&#241;o, la que reenviaste, la que discutiste en la mesa, la que te hizo cambiar una decisi&#243;n. Cu&#233;ntame en los comentarios por qu&#233; te movi&#243; el piso. Con esas respuestas vamos a escoger los primeros episodios del podcast, as&#237; que esta vez tu comentario vale el doble.</p><p><strong>&#191;Cu&#225;l de las 52 cartas de FUTOPIX te puso a pensar en serio, y de qu&#233; quieres que hablemos en el primer episodio del podcast?</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQsi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dad5043-5342-476b-b9ae-90d8d0510c26_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQsi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dad5043-5342-476b-b9ae-90d8d0510c26_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQsi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dad5043-5342-476b-b9ae-90d8d0510c26_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQsi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dad5043-5342-476b-b9ae-90d8d0510c26_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQsi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dad5043-5342-476b-b9ae-90d8d0510c26_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQsi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dad5043-5342-476b-b9ae-90d8d0510c26_1024x1536.png" width="1024" height="1536" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQsi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dad5043-5342-476b-b9ae-90d8d0510c26_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQsi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dad5043-5342-476b-b9ae-90d8d0510c26_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQsi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dad5043-5342-476b-b9ae-90d8d0510c26_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQsi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dad5043-5342-476b-b9ae-90d8d0510c26_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>El Rey de Corazones</strong></h3><p>Volvamos a Filadelfia. Franklin se equivoc&#243; en la &#250;nica predicci&#243;n que hizo con fecha y hora: Titan Leeds no se muri&#243; a las 3:29 de la tarde del 17 de octubre de 1733. Pero acert&#243; en todo lo dem&#225;s. <strong>Acert&#243; en que la gente no necesita profetas, necesita compa&#241;&#237;a.</strong> Acert&#243; en que una voz que aparece puntual, a&#241;o tras a&#241;o, se vuelve parte de la casa. Acert&#243; en que lo mejor de un almanaque no se consume con el a&#241;o: se queda clavado para siempre en la memoria colectiva.</p><p>Hace cincuenta y dos semanas abr&#237; esta casa con Gramsci, diciendo que quien controla la eficacia de los s&#237;mbolos controla la mente. Un a&#241;o despu&#233;s, les puedo decir que nunca quise controlar la mente de nadie. <strong>Lo que s&#237; quise, y lo sigo queriendo, es que m&#225;s gente aprenda a leer los s&#237;mbolos antes de que los s&#237;mbolos los lean a ellos.</strong></p><h3><strong>Gracias por este primer a&#241;ito. Soplamos la vela, nos limpiamos la torta de la cara y barajamos de nuevo, que la segunda mano ya est&#225; servida.</strong></h3><h3><strong>El futuro no es de quien adivina la hora exacta. Es de quien se sienta, cada semana, a mirarlo de frente&#8230;</strong></h3><p>Nos leemos en la Toma 53, cuando un a&#241;o ya ser&#225; pasado. Si este a&#241;o FUTOPIX te sirvi&#243; de algo, el mejor regalo de cumplea&#241;os es que se lo compartas a una persona que todav&#237;a no nos conoce.</p><p>FUTOPIX | Futurismo para gente despierta. Si llegaste hasta aqu&#237; y todav&#237;a no te has suscrito, hazlo: es gratis, es un clic, y lo escribe un humano que acaba de cumplir un a&#241;o cumpliendo una cita.</p><p><em>Nota de fuentes: los datos sobre Benjamin Franklin y Poor Richard&#8217;s Almanack (primera edici&#243;n del 28 de diciembre de 1732, la predicci&#243;n sobre Titan Leeds, los tirajes de diez mil ejemplares anuales, la autor&#237;a de cerca de uno de cada diez refranes y The Way to Wealth de 1757) provienen de los archivos de The Papers of Benjamin Franklin (Founders Online, National Archives) y de las entradas enciclop&#233;dicas sobre Poor Richard&#8217;s Almanack y Titan Leeds. La teor&#237;a de los ritos de paso es de Arnold van Gennep, Les Rites de Passage (1909). Las Tomas citadas est&#225;n publicadas en www.futopix.com.</em></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>&#161;Gracias por leer y compartir!</strong></h4><h4><strong>GabrielBedoya.com</strong></h4><div><hr></div><h3><strong>INFOGR&#193;FICO</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HXNs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bccd3ae-9637-4d27-b9d2-36c9cf0bdf1d_3200x2000.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HXNs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bccd3ae-9637-4d27-b9d2-36c9cf0bdf1d_3200x2000.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HXNs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bccd3ae-9637-4d27-b9d2-36c9cf0bdf1d_3200x2000.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HXNs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bccd3ae-9637-4d27-b9d2-36c9cf0bdf1d_3200x2000.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HXNs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bccd3ae-9637-4d27-b9d2-36c9cf0bdf1d_3200x2000.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HXNs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bccd3ae-9637-4d27-b9d2-36c9cf0bdf1d_3200x2000.png" width="1456" height="910" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8bccd3ae-9637-4d27-b9d2-36c9cf0bdf1d_3200x2000.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:910,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1654262,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/218720141?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bccd3ae-9637-4d27-b9d2-36c9cf0bdf1d_3200x2000.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h3><p>Este documento tiene fines exclusivamente <strong>informativos, educativos y de an&#225;lisis futurista</strong>. <strong>No constituye asesor&#237;a financiera, ni solicitud de inversi&#243;n, ni recomendaci&#243;n para comprar, vender o participar en ning&#250;n instrumento, empresa, proyecto o activo.</strong></p><p>Si alguien utiliza el contenido de este material para solicitar dinero, inversiones o participaci&#243;n econ&#243;mica, <strong>consid&#233;relo inmediatamente como una posible estafa</strong>.<br><br>Protege siempre tu informaci&#243;n personal y financiera.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Anexo | La Baraja Completa de FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><strong>Tr&#233;boles | La Siembra</strong></p><ol><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/la-guerra-de-los-simbolos-como-marcas">La Guerra de los S&#237;mbolos</a> &#183; 14 sep 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/antonomasias-digitales">Antonomasias Digitales</a> &#183; 21 sep 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/gaia-2100-del-homo-sapiens-al-homo">GAIA 2100, del Homo Sapiens al Homo Humanoides</a> &#183; 28 sep 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-4">Dise&#241;ando el Futuro desde el Futuro</a> &#183; 5 oct 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-5-cosechando-el-futuro">Cosechando el Futuro</a> &#183; 12 oct 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-6-el-futuro-es-un-sistema">El Futuro es un Sistema, no una L&#237;nea de Tiempo (I)</a> &#183; 19 oct 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-6-el-futuro-es-un-sistema-f26">El Futuro es un Sistema, no una L&#237;nea de Tiempo (II)</a> &#183; 26 oct 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-7-como-el-terroir-la">C&#243;mo el Terroir, la Tecnolog&#237;a y el Tiempo Fermentar&#225;n la Pr&#243;xima Civilizaci&#243;n</a> &#183; 2 nov 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-8-del-dr-google-al-dr">Del Dr. Google al Dr. GPT</a> &#183; 9 nov 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-9-que-pasaria-si-colombia">Qu&#233; Pasar&#237;a si Colombia Tuviese un D&#237;a de Acci&#243;n de Gracias</a> &#183; 16 nov 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-10-el-retorno-al-pensamiento">El Retorno al Pensamiento Fundamental</a> &#183; 23 nov 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-take-11-la-economia-del-no">La Econom&#237;a del No Tiempo</a> &#183; 30 nov 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-12-antropologia-y-los">Antropolog&#237;a y los Agentes Personales de IA</a> &#183; 7 dic 2025</p></li></ol><p><strong>Picas | La Espada</strong></p><ol start="14"><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-13-los-robots-y-la-economia">Los Robots y la Econom&#237;a Humanoide, Parte 1</a> &#183; 14 dic 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-14-los-robots-y-la-economia">Los Robots y la Econom&#237;a Humanoide, Parte 2</a> &#183; 21 dic 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-15-mas-alla-de-la-empatia">M&#225;s All&#225; de la Empat&#237;a Pol&#237;tica</a> &#183; 28 dic 2025</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-16-cuando-un-vecino">Cuando un Vecino se Convierte en el Arquitecto</a> &#183; 4 ene 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-17-entendiendo-el-arte">Entendiendo el Arte de la Guerra</a> &#183; 11 ene 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-18-orden-en-los-cielos">Orden en los Cielos</a> &#183; 18 ene 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-19-el-silencio-es-la">El Silencio es la Se&#241;al</a> &#183; 25 ene 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-20-antropofisica">Antropof&#237;sica</a> &#183; 1 feb 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-21-cualquiera-es-inversionista">Cualquiera es Inversionista en Tiempos de Ciencia Normal</a> &#183; 8 feb 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-21-la-casa-del-2050">La Casa del 2050</a> &#183; 15 feb 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-23-del-totemismo-al">Del Totemismo al Terianismo</a> &#183; 22 feb 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-24-el-tiempo-libre-como">El Tiempo Libre como Modelo de Negocios</a> &#183; 1 mar 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-25-que-deberian-estudiar">Qu&#233; Deber&#237;an Estudiar Nuestros Hijos</a> &#183; 8 mar 2026</p></li></ol><p><strong>Diamantes | Los Oros</strong></p><ol start="27"><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-26-creatividad-vs-ia">Creatividad vs. IA</a> &#183; 15 mar 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-27-el-contexto-como">El Contexto como OS</a> &#183; 22 mar 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-28-aprende-a-leer-las">Aprende a Leer las Se&#241;ales D&#233;biles</a> &#183; 29 mar 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-de-emprendedor-a-lloron">De Emprendedor a Llor&#243;n</a> &#183; 5 abr 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-porque-tus-hijos-necesitan">Porque tus Hijos Necesitan Aprender a Invertir</a> &#183; 12 abr 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-la-espada-y-el-companero">La Espada y el Compa&#241;ero</a> &#183; 19 abr 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-las-cuatro-lunas-de-galileo">Las Cuatro Lunas de Galileo</a> &#183; 3 may 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futipix-el-ultimo-mundial">El &#218;ltimo Mundial</a> &#183; 10 may 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-por-que-nos-cuesta-pensar">Por Qu&#233; Nos Cuesta Pensar en Grande</a> &#183; 17 may 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-space-coast-colombia">Space Coast Colombia</a> &#183; 24 may 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-la-paradoja-del-dinamo">La Paradoja del D&#237;namo</a> &#183; 14 jun 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-el-factor-friccion">El Factor Fricci&#243;n</a> &#183; 21 jun 2026</p></li><li><p><a 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href="https://www.futopix.com/p/camino-al-transhumanismo-futopix">Camino al Transhumanismo</a> &#183; 23 ago 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/cuando-el-mito-se-hace-realidad-futopix">Cuando el Mito se Hace Realidad</a> &#183; 30 ago 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/el-hombre-del-neolitico-con-wifi">El Hombre del Neol&#237;tico con WiFi</a> &#183; 6 sep 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/la-muerte-simbolica-futopix">La Muerte Simb&#243;lica</a> &#183; 13 sep 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/domadores-de-ias-futopix">Domadores de IAs</a> &#183; 20 sep 2026</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/salve-usted-la-patria-futopix">Salve Usted la Patria</a> &#183; 27 sep 2026</p></li><li><p>El Primer A&#241;o &#183; esta Toma</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Salve Usted la Patria | FUTOPIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[TOMA 51 | Del Lancero al Algoritmo]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/salve-usted-la-patria-futopix</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/salve-usted-la-patria-futopix</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 27 Sep 2026 04:36:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2321460,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/217622181?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDFz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab246098-8816-4ffe-88fb-f6ae5c2b1fed_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Hay algo que nunca les he contado y que pocos saben de m&#237;: soy un apasionado de la historia militar y de las series de estrategia, en especial las que tienen que ver con gestas hist&#243;ricas y grandes proezas. Eso s&#237;, como antrop&#243;logo s&#233; que la historia viene cargada de sesgos, porque casi siempre nos la cuentan desde la perspectiva de los ganadores, as&#237; que hay que tomarla con pinzas si lo que uno busca es un an&#225;lisis ponderado.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">El gobierno de Abelardo de la Espriella arranc&#243; con un cambio radical en la pol&#237;tica de seguridad de Colombia, y su inclusi&#243;n en el <em>Escudo de las Am&#233;ricas</em> implicar&#225; un giro estrat&#233;gico que, por supuesto, se va a reflejar en toda la regi&#243;n, porque todos sabemos que nuestra amada patria hace parte del eje del mal en la producci&#243;n de narc&#243;ticos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Pero, &#191;qu&#233; implica en t&#233;rminos militares entrar como actor activo al club del Escudo de las Am&#233;ricas? Me tom&#233; la tarea de leer m&#225;s all&#225; de los titulares qu&#233; significa para el pa&#237;s hacer parte de este grupo y cu&#225;les son las oportunidades que se derivan de ello. Ese ser&#225; el eje de esta Toma, para que lo desmenucemos desde una perspectiva desapasionada y miremos los nuevos horizontes que se abren para los colombianos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Sin m&#225;s rodeos, sumerj&#225;monos en el asunto.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Estamos cerrando una semana llena de noticias alrededor de la Asamblea General de la ONU, el Escudo de las Am&#233;ricas y los m&#250;ltiples operativos desplegados por la Fuerza P&#250;blica en el pa&#237;s, lo que muestra un giro total en la pol&#237;tica de seguridad. La noticia que casi nadie est&#225; contando es esta: <strong>por primera vez en medio siglo, Colombia tiene a su alcance las herramientas para ganarle la guerra al narcotr&#225;fico.</strong> No estoy diciendo para contenerlo, ni para administrarlo como una enfermedad cr&#243;nica, sino para ganarle la guerra de una vez por todas.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Para hacer futurismo a veces nos toca prender la m&#225;quina del tiempo y viajar al pasado para entender c&#243;mo hemos trazado el futuro. Recuerden la cantaleta: <strong>el futuro no es una l&#237;nea recta, es un abanico de posibilidades.</strong> Mis superpoderes de antrop&#243;logo me dicen que la clave para ganar la guerra en Colombia no est&#225; en Silicon Valley, ni mucho menos en el Pent&#225;gono, sino en un potrero encharcado de Boyac&#225;, hace doscientos siete a&#241;os.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>El Pantano de Vargas | 25 de Julio de 1819</strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Pers&#237;gnense y cierren los ojos para que viajemos al 25 de julio de 1819, al famoso Pantano de Vargas. Vamos a copiarle a J. J. Ben&#237;tez su nave para viajar en el tiempo e imaginemos que aterrizamos en ese lugar: nosotros podemos ver lo que pasa por fuera de <em>la Cuna</em> (as&#237; la llama Ben&#237;tez, risas) y ellos no pueden vernos a nosotros. Por entre una espesa niebla vemos c&#243;mo el ej&#233;rcito de Bol&#237;var viene de cruzar el p&#225;ramo de Pisba. Los patriotas se ven cansados, muchos desarrapados y descalzos; la mitad de la tropa est&#225; enferma y la otra mitad, muerta de fr&#237;o. Enfrente est&#225; el coronel realista Jos&#233; Mar&#237;a Barreiro, con los hombres, la artiller&#237;a y la moral intacta para enfrentar a Bol&#237;var. A medida que avanza la tarde, los criollos sienten que la batalla est&#225; perdida.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Entonces Bol&#237;var busca entre la tropa a un llanero de piel curtida y valent&#237;a inconmensurable, Juan Jos&#233; Rond&#243;n, y con la agon&#237;a de la impotencia le suelta la frase que a todos los colombianos nos ense&#241;aron en el colegio y que aprendimos de memoria: <strong>&#8220;&#161;Coronel, salve usted la patria!&#8221;</strong>. Sin dudarlo un segundo, Rond&#243;n pica espuelas y carga con un pu&#241;ado de lanceros, solo catorce hombres seg&#250;n cuenta la tradici&#243;n, contra un ej&#233;rcito entero. Como si fuese obra divina, la batalla se voltea. Trece d&#237;as despu&#233;s se sellar&#237;a la independencia en el Puente de Boyac&#225;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Uno de los libros m&#225;s bacanos que me he le&#237;do sobre la historia de Colombia son las <em>Memorias</em> del general Daniel Florencio O&#8217;Leary, un militar irland&#233;s que acompa&#241;&#243; a Bol&#237;var durante la gesta libertadora. Se los recomiendo, y si pueden, l&#233;anselo en la versi&#243;n original en ingl&#233;s, porque las traducciones a veces tienen sus vac&#237;os de interpretaci&#243;n.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Todo este tema me vino a la cabeza porque esta semana he tenido sobre mi escritorio un cat&#225;logo de fuentes abiertas sobre c&#243;mo Estados Unidos pelea hoy sus guerras sin poner pr&#225;cticamente ni un soldado en el terreno. <strong>La guerra moderna se hace con sat&#233;lites y algoritmos que convierten datos en objetivos</strong>, con drones y con misiles que salen de un buque a mil millas del blanco. Lo curioso es que este documento me llega justo cuando Colombia acaba de entrar al Escudo de las Am&#233;ricas y se hace p&#250;blica la llegada de tres drones Reaper al pa&#237;s. Mientras lo le&#237;a no dejaba de pensar en el coronel Rond&#243;n, porque la pregunta de fondo es m&#225;s o menos la misma que nos hac&#237;amos hace doscientos a&#241;os: &#191;qui&#233;n salvar&#225; la patria? O, como dec&#237;a el Chapul&#237;n Colorado: <em>&#191;y ahora qui&#233;n podr&#225; defendernos?</em> La respuesta a esa pregunta es el eje de esta Toma.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Para darle vuelta al argumento les propongo un viaje de tres mil a&#241;os hacia atr&#225;s, para que en pocas p&#225;ginas entendamos c&#243;mo ha cambiado la guerra (es una palabra muy fuerte, pero no hay otra), desde los zapadores asirios hasta los enjambres de drones en Ucrania. Les adelanto que <strong>esta es una historia que termina en Colombia, y en el lugar que siempre debi&#243; ocupar: el de protagonista.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_e-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_e-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_e-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_e-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_e-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_e-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2266518,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/217622181?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_e-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_e-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_e-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_e-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c2abcaa-190c-42ba-a65d-23d98a1b67ee_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>La Gram&#225;tica Que No Cambia</strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">En otras Tomas de FUTOPIX les he hablado de John Keegan y de Clausewitz. El primero, en <em>Historia de la guerra</em>, le lleva la contraria al segundo con algo que para cualquier antrop&#243;logo es m&#250;sica: <strong>la guerra es, antes que nada, una expresi&#243;n cultural.</strong> Para muchos antrop&#243;logos, cada pueblo pelea de la misma forma en que vive. Alvin Toffler, en <em>Las guerras del futuro</em>, remat&#243; con una frase como para tatu&#225;rsela: <strong>la forma como hacemos la guerra refleja la forma como hacemos la riqueza.</strong> La sociedad agraria hace guerras de m&#250;sculo; la industrial, guerras de f&#225;brica; y la sociedad de la informaci&#243;n, guerras de datos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Me toca hacer una aclaraci&#243;n: <strong>cuando hablo de tecnolog&#237;a no estoy hablando de pantallas.</strong> La palabra viene del griego <em>techn&#275;</em>, el saber hacer. Marcel Mauss, el antrop&#243;logo franc&#233;s que todos nos le&#237;mos en la facultad, escribi&#243; en 1934 sobre las <em>t&#233;cnicas del cuerpo</em>: caminar, nadar o montar a caballo son habilidades que tambi&#233;n se aprenden, se transmiten y se perfeccionan. La lanza es tecnolog&#237;a, la pala es tecnolog&#237;a, el caballo domado es tecnolog&#237;a, la disciplina de una formaci&#243;n militar es tecnolog&#237;a y una doctrina escrita en un manual es tecnolog&#237;a. <strong>Lo digital es apenas el cap&#237;tulo m&#225;s reciente de una historia muy larga.</strong> M&#225;s adelante vamos a descubrir que las tecnolog&#237;as que podr&#237;an decidir la guerra en Colombia no son todas de silicio.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Si uno mira en perspectiva los &#250;ltimos tres mil a&#241;os de ej&#233;rcitos, descubre que todos resuelven las mismas siete necesidades: (1) ver al enemigo antes de que te vea, (2) moverse m&#225;s r&#225;pido, (3) golpear de lejos, (4) chocar cuando toca, (5) sostenerse en el tiempo, (6) construir lo que el terreno no da y (7) decidir m&#225;s r&#225;pido que el otro. Trad&#250;zcase: infanter&#237;a, caballer&#237;a, artiller&#237;a, ingenieros, log&#237;stica, inteligencia y mando. <strong>Todos estos elementos no son m&#225;s que el cuerpo que cada &#233;poca le dio a cada funci&#243;n.</strong></p><h3><strong>Cuando Ganaba El Que Se Organizaba</strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Hacia el a&#241;o 745 antes de Cristo, el rey asirio Tiglat-Pileser III (suena a trabalenguas) invent&#243; el <em>ej&#233;rcito permanente</em>: soldados pagados por el Estado que no volv&#237;an a la cosecha, y cuerpos especializados en tumbar murallas. Los asirios no eran m&#225;s valientes que sus vecinos; simplemente estaban mejor organizados.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Cuatro siglos despu&#233;s aparece un personaje que me encanta: Filipo II de Macedonia, quien pas&#243; su juventud como reh&#233;n en Tebas y, en vez de amargarse la vida, se dedic&#243; a estudiar c&#243;mo peleaban sus captores. Uno de los etn&#243;grafos tempranos de la historia. Al terminar su cautiverio regres&#243; a casa con dos ideas: bloques compactos de soldados con lanzas de casi seis metros, la <em>sarisa</em>, que sobresal&#237;an como las p&#250;as de un erizo, y una caballer&#237;a de nobles, los <em>hetairoi</em>, que golpeaba donde el erizo hab&#237;a fijado al enemigo. Su hijo Alejandro llev&#243; esa receta t&#225;ctica hasta la India. <strong>Filipo no invent&#243; un arma: invent&#243; la idea de que las armas juntas valen m&#225;s que la suma de las armas separadas.</strong> A eso hoy le llaman <em>armas combinadas</em>.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Los romanos entendieron la calzada como un arma. Por eso cada legionario cargaba una pala, cada noche se constru&#237;a un fuerte, y detr&#225;s de los legionarios iban los ingenieros tendiendo caminos por donde el imperio mov&#237;a tropas, trigo y &#243;rdenes. Los mongoles ten&#237;an el <em>yam</em>, una red de jinetes de relevo que llevaban mensajes cientos de kil&#243;metros en un mismo d&#237;a. <strong>Eran el internet a caballo.</strong></p><h4><strong>Cr&#233;cy</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">El 26 de agosto de 1346, en Cr&#233;cy, la flor y nata de la caballer&#237;a francesa, nobles con armaduras que costaban lo mismo que un pueblo entero, carg&#243; lanza en ristre contra un ej&#233;rcito ingl&#233;s m&#225;s peque&#241;o. A los caballeros los esperaban miles de arqueros de origen campesino, armados con un arco de tejo de casi dos metros y a&#241;os de pr&#225;ctica los domingos despu&#233;s de misa. Los honorables caballeros no llegaron a tocarlos ni de cerca. La lecci&#243;n que nos dej&#243; Cr&#233;cy vale oro: <strong>un arma cara puede perder contra la masa barata bien organizada.</strong></p><h4><strong>La P&#243;lvora | Cartagena de Indias 1741</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Miremos ahora hacia este lado de nuestra historia. Con la p&#243;lvora, el tema b&#233;lico se reorganiz&#243; en pr&#225;cticamente todos los escenarios de guerra del planeta. Los tercios espa&#241;oles mezclaron picas con arcabuces, Gustavo Adolfo de Suecia aliger&#243; los ca&#241;ones para que acompa&#241;aran a la infanter&#237;a, y las ciudades inventaron las fortalezas abaluartadas, esas murallas en estrella que tenemos de sobra en el Caribe.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">En 1741 el almirante ingl&#233;s Edward Vernon lleg&#243; frente a las costas de nuestra Cartagena de Indias con cerca de 180 barcos y m&#225;s de 20.000 hombres. Del otro lado estaba Blas de Lezo, un marino vasco al que la guerra ya le hab&#237;a quitado un ojo, una pierna y el uso de un brazo, y al que por eso le dec&#237;an <em>Mediohombre</em>. Ese man era el Jack Sparrow de la &#233;poca: si uno piensa en el avatar de un pirata, necesariamente tiene que pensar en Blas de Lezo.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Vernon estaba tan seguro de quedarse con Cartagena que en Londres alcanzaron a acu&#241;ar medallas con la imagen de Blas de Lezo arrodillado entreg&#225;ndole la ciudad. Lezo lo venci&#243; con bater&#237;as bien ubicadas, barcos hundidos para trancar la bah&#237;a, el castillo de San Felipe convertido en fortaleza y un aliado que no sal&#237;a en ning&#250;n inventario: la fiebre amarilla. Lo que pocas veces se cuenta es que <strong>la defensa de Cartagena no se gan&#243; gracias a un arma en espec&#237;fico, sino gracias a un sistema.</strong> Para m&#237; es una de las gestas m&#225;s incre&#237;bles de nuestra historia, digna de una buena pel&#237;cula de Hollywood.</p><h4><strong>La Guerra Se Vuelve F&#225;brica</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Sigamos, porque este cuento se pone cada vez m&#225;s divertido. Una de las cosas que me he propuesto con FUTOPIX es que este espacio se convierta cada semana en un buen <em>storytelling</em>, donde todos nos divirtamos un poquito y nos relajemos ante tanta noticia que harta.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Hablemos de Napole&#243;n. Como buen oficial de artiller&#237;a, convirti&#243; la <em>lev&#233;e en masse</em> de 1793 en el <em>cuerpo de ej&#233;rcito</em>, y por primera vez la guerra se hizo entre naciones enteras. En la Primera Guerra Mundial el ferrocarril mov&#237;a millones de hombres, el tel&#233;grafo los coordinaba y la artiller&#237;a, reina indiscutible de esa guerra, causaba m&#225;s de la mitad de las bajas. Infelizmente, la guerra funcionaba como una f&#225;brica de muertos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">En 1940 aparece el personaje que rompi&#243; el atasco, y su biograf&#237;a lo explica todo: Heinz Guderian, padre de los blindados alemanes. Este personaje, desconocido para muchos, hab&#237;a participado en la Primera Guerra como oficial de comunicaciones. Por eso insisti&#243; en algo que los franceses despreciaban: <strong>meter una radio en cada tanque.</strong> La Francia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial ten&#237;a m&#225;s y mejores tanques, pero Alemania ten&#237;a tanques que se hablaban entre s&#237;. Francia cay&#243; ante la avanzada mecanizada alemana en solo seis semanas. Ese a&#241;o muri&#243; la caballer&#237;a como cuerpo, no como funci&#243;n: explorar, sorprender y romper las l&#237;neas enemigas se mud&#243; a los veh&#237;culos blindados. <strong>El alma del coronel Rond&#243;n se subi&#243; a bordo de un Panzer.</strong></p><h4><strong>Ogarkov | El Mariscal Que Vio Venir Todo</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Uno de los personajes menos conocidos y m&#225;s importantes de la historia militar es Nikol&#225;i Ogarkov, jefe del Estado Mayor sovi&#233;tico entre 1977 y 1984. Mientras sus camaradas contaban tanques, Ogarkov escribi&#243; que los microprocesadores, los sensores y las armas de precisi&#243;n crear&#237;an un <em>complejo de reconocimiento-ataque</em>, en el que <strong>ver d&#243;nde est&#225; el enemigo y dispararle dejan de ser dos actividades separadas y se vuelven una sola.</strong> Por desgracia para &#233;l, fue castigado por visionario y lo sacaron del cargo. Solo siete a&#241;os despu&#233;s, en el desierto de Irak, Estados Unidos ejecut&#243; exactamente lo que Ogarkov hab&#237;a descrito: us&#243; la tecnolog&#237;a para ver y disparar al mismo tiempo, y en apenas cien horas de guerra terrestre uno de los ej&#233;rcitos m&#225;s grandes del mundo se desmoron&#243;.</p><h4><strong>2020&#8211;2026 | Cuando La Cadena De Ataque Se Vuelve Software</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">En 2020, en Nagorno-Karabaj, Azerbaiy&#225;n desmantel&#243; las defensas armenias en 44 d&#237;as con una bater&#237;a de drones. Esa misma lecci&#243;n se volvi&#243; masiva en la guerra de Ucrania: <em>zonas de muerte</em> de varios kil&#243;metros donde todo lo que se mueve es visto y golpeado en minutos por drones que cuestan unos pocos cientos de d&#243;lares.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora, las cifras del documento que me estoy leyendo sobre el poder&#237;o militar norteamericano. Este a&#241;o, la operaci&#243;n estadounidense contra Ir&#225;n, apoyada en el sistema Maven, identific&#243; alrededor de 1.000 objetivos solo en las primeras 24 horas. Un trabajo equivalente, realizado por los mismos Estados Unidos en 2003, requiri&#243; unos 2.000 analistas; hoy lo hacen veinte personas. <strong>Esto no es solo una mejora estrat&#233;gica: es un cambio total de modelo.</strong> Lo que Ogarkov so&#241;&#243; con juntar, el algoritmo lo fundi&#243;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">El inventario de las mudanzas es claro. La caballer&#237;a hoy es un enjambre de drones; la artiller&#237;a, fuego de precisi&#243;n y drones kamikaze; los exploradores, sat&#233;lites y modelos de IA que leen millones de im&#225;genes en tiempo real. Los ingenieros escriben c&#243;digo y ciegan radares a distancia, dejando al enemigo a merced. El mando es una red donde la m&#225;quina propone y el humano decide. &#191;Y la infanter&#237;a? Ah&#237; sigue, lista para actuar&#8230; pero viendo Netflix.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FghC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3c109ee-65ff-46fc-9b99-97e28964b4ac_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FghC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3c109ee-65ff-46fc-9b99-97e28964b4ac_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FghC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3c109ee-65ff-46fc-9b99-97e28964b4ac_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FghC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3c109ee-65ff-46fc-9b99-97e28964b4ac_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FghC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3c109ee-65ff-46fc-9b99-97e28964b4ac_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FghC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3c109ee-65ff-46fc-9b99-97e28964b4ac_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Donde el Cuento Se Pone Bueno</strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Cuando empec&#233; esta Toma ten&#237;a una tesis sabrosa: la guerra de hoy ya no se hace con soldados sino con IA. Pero leyendo con lupa el informe, encontr&#233; algo mucho mejor, y para nosotros los colombianos mucho m&#225;s esperanzador: <strong>la m&#225;quina de guerra m&#225;s poderosa de la historia sigue necesitando a alguien que conozca el terreno.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">La prueba la podemos ver en Yemen. En 2025 Estados Unidos lanz&#243; m&#225;s de 1.100 ataques contra los hut&#237;es, y la evaluaci&#243;n de West Point concluy&#243; que estos se reconstituyeron r&#225;pidamente porque el objetivo requer&#237;a fuerzas terrestres que nunca se desplegaron, y Estados Unidos no ten&#237;a un socio terrestre viable que hiciera el trabajo. Se puede ver y golpear casi cualquier cosa desde la &#243;rbita. <strong>Lo que no se puede es convertir esos golpes en una victoria sin alguien que sostenga el terreno.</strong> La soluci&#243;n, entonces, no es desplegar menos tecnolog&#237;a: es tener operadores que conozcan el terreno lo suficiente para entender cu&#225;ndo la pantalla se equivoca.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#191;Se acuerdan de la frase de la Toma 50? <strong>La IA no tiene cuerpo, y todo lo que no tiene cuerpo depende de alguien que s&#237; lo tenga.</strong> Por eso la tesis correcta no es que la IA reemplazar&#225; al soldado. <strong>La IA reemplazar&#225; al ej&#233;rcito de masas.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Durante tres mil a&#241;os la pregunta fue: &#191;cu&#225;ntos soldados tiene un ej&#233;rcito? Ahora las preguntas son: &#191;qu&#233; tan r&#225;pido ves?, &#191;qu&#233; tan r&#225;pido decides? y &#191;qu&#233; tan bien conoces el terreno? Los soldados no desaparecen: se vuelven escasos, especializados y preciosos. <strong>Un pa&#237;s cuyos soldados conocen el terreno como nadie en el mundo acaba por volverse indispensable.</strong> &#191;Adivinan de qu&#233; ej&#233;rcito les voy a hablar?</p><h4><strong>Colombia | Dentro Del Escudo</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">El 7 de marzo de este a&#241;o, en el Doral (Miami), Donald Trump lanz&#243; el Escudo de las Am&#233;ricas, formalmente la Coalici&#243;n de las Am&#233;ricas contra los Carteles. Infelizmente, Colombia no estaba en la foto inaugural: el nefasto gobierno de Gustavo Petro qued&#243; por fuera por falta de &#8220;nivel de cooperaci&#243;n&#8221;, seg&#250;n la Casa Blanca (no me den cuerda en este tema, que me riego). Eso cambi&#243; rapidito con la llegada al poder de Abelardo de la Espriella, quien se posesion&#243; el 7 de agosto; el 12 de agosto Colombia ya era el miembro n&#250;mero diecinueve (todas las arandelas de este tema las conocen ustedes mejor que yo). M&#225;s de veinte organizaciones fueron declaradas terroristas, con congelamiento de activos y persecuci&#243;n penal a quien las apoye, y se anunci&#243; la llegada de tres drones MQ-9A Reaper, con un cuarto que el pa&#237;s comprar&#237;a con recursos propios.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Aqu&#237; es donde vamos a conectar todo. Estados Unidos tiene las mejores m&#225;quinas del mundo para ver, decidir y golpear al enemigo a distancia, pero, seg&#250;n mi documento, en Yemen no fue muy exitoso porque le faltaron socios terrestres que hicieran el remate operacional.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">En el caso del Escudo de las Am&#233;ricas, <strong>Colombia es exactamente el socio terrestre que el documento dice que le falt&#243; a Estados Unidos.</strong> Un ej&#233;rcito con d&#233;cadas de experiencia en guerra irregular, que conoce cada trocha, cada r&#237;o y cada vereda. Las Fuerzas Armadas de Colombia se sentar&#225;n en la misma mesa con el due&#241;o de los sat&#233;lites y del software b&#233;lico m&#225;s avanzado del mundo. <strong>Los gringos ponen el ojo y el cerebro; nosotros ponemos el cuerpo y el terreno.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Con esa l&#243;gica estudi&#233; mi documento capa por capa, con una pregunta en mente: <strong>&#191;qu&#233; del arsenal b&#233;lico norteamericano le sirve de verdad a Colombia para ganarle al narcotr&#225;fico, y por qu&#233;?</strong> Si yo fuera el ministro Mora, esta ser&#237;a mi carta al Ni&#241;o Dios, en este orden.</p><h4><strong>Primero: El Cerebro | Palantir y Anduril</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">El narcotr&#225;fico, aunque lo parezca, no es un ej&#233;rcito: <strong>es una red criminal</strong> que involucra cultivos, laboratorios, precursores, r&#237;os, lanchas, semisumergibles, pistas, contadores en Panam&#225; y socios en M&#233;xico y en los puertos de Europa. Durante d&#233;cadas el Estado ha golpeado nodos sueltos, y la red se reacomoda y se reagrupa en semanas. Como dicen los expertos en estrategia, eso es seguir buscando el muerto r&#237;o arriba.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Por eso lo primero no es un arma. Es el <em>Maven Smart System</em> de <strong>Palantir</strong>, la capa que fusiona m&#225;s de 179 fuentes de datos y usa visi&#243;n por computador y modelos de lenguaje para convertirlas en un mapa de objetivos priorizados. La OTAN compr&#243; su propia instancia en una de las adquisiciones m&#225;s r&#225;pidas de su historia. <strong>Para Colombia, el valor de Maven no est&#225; en la velocidad: est&#225; en ver la red completa.</strong> Cruzar lo que ve un Reaper volando sobre el Guaviare con una transferencia sospechosa en Panam&#225; y una lancha detectada en el Pac&#237;fico es pasar de golpear nodos a desarticular el sistema.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Al lado de Palantir va <em>Lattice</em>, de <strong>Anduril</strong>, la empresa de Palmer Luckey: una malla de mando y control de arquitectura abierta que conecta sensores y armas de distintos fabricantes en una sola capa. La Fuerza P&#250;blica colombiana es un <em>sancocho tecnol&#243;gico</em>: helic&#243;pteros Black Hawk, lanchas, radares de varios proveedores, drones de la CIAC y ahora los Reaper. <strong>Lattice los pone a hablar a todos en el mismo idioma</strong>, como hizo Guderian con la radio en cada tanque.</p><h4><strong>Segundo: El Escudo Contra Drones | Epirus, Anduril y RTX</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">El documento en cuesti&#243;n excluye los sistemas anti-dron terrestres porque, para Estados Unidos, implican tener tropas desplegadas. Para Colombia es al rev&#233;s: <strong>nuestras tropas ya est&#225;n desplegadas, y los drones ya las est&#225;n atacando.</strong> Desde 2024 las disidencias y el ELN lanzan drones <em>Mickey Mouse</em> cargados con explosivos contra soldados y polic&#237;as en el Cauca y el Catatumbo. <strong>La guerra de drones no es el futuro de Colombia: es el presente del Cauca.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Las soluciones est&#225;n en el inventario de mi documento: <em>Leonidas</em>, de <strong>Epirus</strong>, que con microondas de alta potencia neutraliza varios drones a la vez sin disparar un proyectil; <em>Roadrunner</em>, el interceptor reutilizable de <strong>Anduril</strong>; y <em>Coyote</em>, el interceptor de bajo costo de <strong>RTX</strong>. Ning&#250;n Reaper resuelve el problema de un cuadric&#243;ptero DJI de trescientos d&#243;lares; estos juguetes s&#237;. <strong>Si tuviera que escoger una sola prioridad, ser&#237;a esta, porque proteger a los soldados que hoy est&#225;n m&#225;s expuestos deber&#237;a ser mandatorio.</strong></p><h4><strong>Tercero: Los Ojos | General Atomics, Shield AI y SpaceX</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Aunque no lo crean, la Fuerza A&#233;rea estadounidense est&#225; retirando los Reaper de <strong>General Atomics</strong> porque no sobreviven a las defensas antia&#233;reas modernas. La buena noticia es que ni las disidencias, ni el Clan del Golfo, ni el ELN tienen bater&#237;as antia&#233;reas. En Colombia el MQ-9 puede volar horas y horas prestando vigilancia persistente sobre los corredores de coca, los laboratorios y las pistas clandestinas. <strong>Lo que para el Pent&#225;gono es un caballo viejo, en el Cauca es el caballo del coronel Rond&#243;n.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">M&#225;s estrat&#233;gico todav&#237;a que los Reaper es <strong>Shield AI</strong>, con <em>Hivemind</em>, un piloto de IA que vuela aeronaves sin GPS y sin enlace de comunicaciones, a ciegas, sin desviarse de su misi&#243;n. Las selvas y las cordilleras son el peor lugar del mundo para mantener una se&#241;al, y los grupos armados ya usan inhibidores. <strong>Un dron que no necesita se&#241;al es un dron que no se puede apagar desde un cambuche en el monte.</strong> Y <strong>SpaceX</strong>, con <em>Starshield</em>, la versi&#243;n militar de Starlink, puede darle a un batall&#243;n aislado en el Guaviare conectividad satelital segura, que hoy vale tanto como un fusil.</p><h4><strong>Cuarto: El Mar | Saronic, BlackSea y Cotecmar</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Es de conocimiento popular que buena parte de la coca&#237;na sale por el Pac&#237;fico en lanchas r&#225;pidas y en <em>semisumergibles</em> fabricados en los esteros de Nari&#241;o y del Cauca. La Armada colombiana es una de las mejores del mundo intercept&#225;ndolos, pero el Pac&#237;fico es inmenso. El <em>Corsair</em> de <strong>Saronic</strong>, un buque no tripulado con m&#225;s de 1.000 millas n&#225;uticas de alcance y detecci&#243;n pasiva de 360 grados, ya se us&#243; en combate este a&#241;o; el <em>GARC</em> de <strong>BlackSea Technologies</strong> est&#225; pensado para operar en enjambre. <strong>Imaginen un enjambre de patrulleras no tripuladas vigilando d&#237;a y noche las costas de Nari&#241;o y reportando cada lancha que se mueve a una fragata de la Armada estrat&#233;gicamente posicionada.</strong> Para los semisumergibles tambi&#233;n hay soluci&#243;n: los submarinos no tripulados, como el <em>Dive-XL</em> de <strong>Anduril</strong>. Y aqu&#237; brilla la industria nacional: <strong>Cotecmar ya construye buques en Cartagena; coproducir patrulleras no tripuladas ser&#237;a el salto cu&#225;ntico de la Armada colombiana.</strong></p><h4><strong>Quinto: La Plata | Vannevar, Govini y El Ciberespacio</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">El narcotr&#225;fico es una empresa transnacional: carteles mexicanos en territorio colombiano, mafias asentadas en los puertos europeos y grupos lavando dinero con conexiones en Asia. Aqu&#237; entran <em>Decrypt</em>, de <strong>Vannevar Labs</strong>, que procesa inteligencia en idiomas extranjeros, y <em>Ark</em>, de <strong>Govini</strong>, que analiza cadenas de suministro, justo lo que se necesita para rastrear los precursores qu&#237;micos. Sumadas a las operaciones de <em>caza avanzada</em> del Comando Cibern&#233;tico estadounidense, con m&#225;s de 85 despliegues por invitaci&#243;n en pa&#237;ses aliados, abren la puerta para seguirle el rastro a la plata digital. <strong>La plata del narcotr&#225;fico ya no viaja en maletas: viaja en criptomonedas y transferencias bancarias.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n4_E!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44b5e14d-9a58-4311-a7b5-8d0683709af7_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n4_E!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44b5e14d-9a58-4311-a7b5-8d0683709af7_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n4_E!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44b5e14d-9a58-4311-a7b5-8d0683709af7_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n4_E!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44b5e14d-9a58-4311-a7b5-8d0683709af7_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n4_E!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44b5e14d-9a58-4311-a7b5-8d0683709af7_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n4_E!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44b5e14d-9a58-4311-a7b5-8d0683709af7_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n4_E!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44b5e14d-9a58-4311-a7b5-8d0683709af7_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n4_E!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44b5e14d-9a58-4311-a7b5-8d0683709af7_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n4_E!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44b5e14d-9a58-4311-a7b5-8d0683709af7_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n4_E!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44b5e14d-9a58-4311-a7b5-8d0683709af7_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>&#191;C&#243;mo Se Gana La Guerra Con Esto?</strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Un arsenal b&#233;lico no gana una guerra por s&#237; solo; la gana quien lo sabe usar.</strong> En este orden de ideas, veo tres condiciones para que Colombia salga adelante en este s&#250;per-h&#237;per-mega desaf&#237;o.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La primera es <strong>absorber, no solo recibir.</strong> En la Toma 37 les habl&#233; de la paradoja del d&#237;namo metido en una f&#225;brica con mentalidad vieja: la tecnolog&#237;a nueva no nos va a servir de nada si la organizaci&#243;n militar sigue igual. Cada sistema debe venir con transferencia de conocimiento, operadores colombianos y participaci&#243;n de la CIAC, Cotecmar e Indumil. El cuarto Reaper, el que pagamos nosotros, es la oportunidad perfecta para arrancar a repensarnos en defensa.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La segunda es <strong>construir una arquitectura abierta</strong>, una lecci&#243;n aprendida de la propia Fuerza A&#233;rea estadounidense, que separ&#243; el software de autonom&#237;a del avi&#243;n para poder combinar proveedores. Que Palantir, Anduril, Shield AI y los desarrollos nacionales se hablen entre s&#237; (lo que en la Toma anterior llam&#233; <em>interoperabilidad</em>), para que los datos del terreno colombiano, el activo m&#225;s valioso de esta sociedad, se organicen como una <em>ontolog&#237;a</em>.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La tercera es <strong>darle con toda al negocio, no solo a la mata.</strong> Hemos visto que si cae un laboratorio, al otro d&#237;a abren otro. La tecnolog&#237;a m&#225;s poderosa de toda esta lista es la que permite ver la red desde la hoja hasta la cuenta bancaria (otra vez la <em>ontolog&#237;a</em>), para golpear los nodos que no se pueden reemplazar r&#225;pido: los qu&#237;micos, la log&#237;stica, la plata y los cabecillas.</p><h4><strong>Las Tecnolog&#237;as Que No Se Enchufan</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Les completo la carta al Ni&#241;o Dios con lo que no trae ning&#250;n cat&#225;logo del Pent&#225;gono. La primera es la m&#225;s romana de todas: <strong>la v&#237;a.</strong> &#191;Se acuerdan de que la calzada era un arma para las legiones romanas? En el Catatumbo, en el sur del Cauca o en el Guaviare, una v&#237;a terciaria pavimentada hace m&#225;s por la soberan&#237;a que un escuadr&#243;n de drones: por donde entra el cami&#243;n del Estado sale el cultivo l&#237;cito, porque la papaya, el cacao y el caf&#233; llegan al mercado a precios competitivos, y el il&#237;cito pierde su raz&#243;n de ser.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La segunda es <strong>la energ&#237;a y la conectividad</strong>: una vereda con luz y se&#241;al es una vereda donde el Estado ve, escucha y presta servicios. Donde entra internet se produce data, y data significa inteligencia.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La tercera es la m&#225;s antigua: <strong>las t&#233;cnicas del cuerpo.</strong> El <em>baquiano</em> que conoce la trocha, el soldado que lee el rastro en el barro, el infante de marina que navega de noche un estero sin luces, el piloto de helic&#243;ptero que aterriza en un claro del tama&#241;o de una cancha. Eso no lo trae ning&#250;n pr&#233;stamo, y es justamente lo que Colombia exporta.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La cuarta es <strong>la organizaci&#243;n</strong>: la doctrina, el entrenamiento, la log&#237;stica, la forma de mandar. Guderian no gan&#243; con mejores tanques; gan&#243; con una mejor forma de organizarlos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La quinta, una de las m&#225;s poderosas, <strong>la confianza con las comunidades</strong>, porque la mejor red de sensores del mundo sigue siendo una vereda que decide contarle al Estado lo que ve.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>El algoritmo multiplica; la v&#237;a, el cuerpo entrenado y la confianza son los que suman.</strong> No se les olvide que cualquier n&#250;mero multiplicado por cero da cero.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Price Pritchett lo llamar&#237;a <em>salto cu&#225;ntico</em>: Colombia no necesita cientos de Tomahawks; <strong>creo que podemos saltarnos una generaci&#243;n entera.</strong> Sesenta a&#241;os de guerra irregular son justo el tipo de conocimiento que una IA necesita para aprender. Los gringos traen el algoritmo y el sat&#233;lite; nosotros ponemos el terreno y la experiencia. <strong>Y el socio que pone el terreno no es un cliente: es indispensable para el &#233;xito del modelo.</strong> Las mismas herramientas, de paso, protegen oleoductos, aceleran el desminado humanitario y vigilan la miner&#237;a ilegal que envenena nuestros r&#237;os.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!piE-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62adf9b3-4e54-4a9e-9a9a-873bf891810b_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!piE-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62adf9b3-4e54-4a9e-9a9a-873bf891810b_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!piE-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62adf9b3-4e54-4a9e-9a9a-873bf891810b_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!piE-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62adf9b3-4e54-4a9e-9a9a-873bf891810b_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!piE-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62adf9b3-4e54-4a9e-9a9a-873bf891810b_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!piE-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62adf9b3-4e54-4a9e-9a9a-873bf891810b_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>El Lancero y El Enjambre</strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Volvamos al Pantano de Vargas. Lo que el coronel Rond&#243;n ten&#237;a no era un caballo m&#225;s r&#225;pido ni una lanza m&#225;s larga. Lo que lo hizo distinto es que conoc&#237;a el terreno como la palma de su mano, ten&#237;a la iniciativa para actuar sin esperar una orden por escrito y estaba ah&#237;, con el cuerpo, en el momento exacto. <strong>Eso tambi&#233;n es tecnolog&#237;a: la m&#225;s vieja de todas, la del cuerpo entrenado, la del caballo domado y la del territorio bien le&#237;do.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora imaginen a un soldado de veintid&#243;s a&#241;os en Tame (Arauca), nieto de llaneros, que en 2032 maneja desde una tableta un enjambre de catorce drones sobre la misma sabana por la que carg&#243; Rond&#243;n. Sabe cu&#225;ndo la m&#225;quina se equivoca porque su abuelo le ense&#241;&#243; a leer el llano. Sabe que la decisi&#243;n final es suya. <strong>Ese muchacho no reemplaza a Rond&#243;n. Es Rond&#243;n, con otra lanza.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Aqu&#237; les dejo mi invitaci&#243;n, porque esta Toma no es para generales. Esa lanza nueva hay que fabricarla, y la vamos a fabricar nosotros. <strong>Si queremos salir adelante como naci&#243;n, Colombia necesita miles de lanceros digitales sin uniforme.</strong> Curiosos que quieran entrenar modelos con datos de la selva colombiana. Emprendedores que se atrevan a montar la primera gran empresa de tecnolog&#237;a de defensa del pa&#237;s, porque Anduril naci&#243; hace menos de diez a&#241;os en California, en la cabeza de un nerd de chanclas y camisa hawaiana, y nadie me va a convencer de que algo parecido no puede nacer en Medell&#237;n, en Bogot&#225; o en Cartagena. Universidades que abran laboratorios con la CIAC y con Cotecmar. J&#243;venes de Tame, de Tumaco y del Catatumbo que, en vez de ser reclutados por un grupo armado, sean reclutados por el futuro. Y no es un sue&#241;o: yo sigo en redes sociales a campesinos metidos a <em>influencers</em> desde las selvas chocoanas, mostrando c&#243;mo cultivan pl&#225;tano y yuca. Si no me creen, vayan a las redes de @chico_napo para que vean de qu&#233; les estoy hablando.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Bol&#237;var tuvo que gritar para encontrar a su lancero. Nosotros tenemos que construir, formar y convocar. <strong>Por primera vez en cincuenta a&#241;os tenemos los aliados, la tecnolog&#237;a y la experiencia al mismo tiempo. Lo que falta es la voluntad para lanzarnos a la carga.</strong></p><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&#161;Coronel, salve usted la patria! Esta vez, la orden es para todos. El futuro no es de quien tenga m&#225;s soldados. Es de quien sepa ganar guerras sin disparar una sola bala.</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Nos leemos en la pr&#243;xima Toma. Si esta te movi&#243; el piso, comp&#225;rtela con ese ingeniero, ese emprendedor o ese soldado que puede ser el pr&#243;ximo lancero digital de Colombia.</p><div><hr></div><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Tarea Para La Semana</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Toma tu empresa o tu proyecto profesional y preg&#250;ntate:</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; funci&#243;n de tu organizaci&#243;n sigue montada a caballo en plena era del dron?</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Escr&#237;banmela en los comentarios. Les aseguro que todos tenemos por lo menos una.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">FUTOPIX | Futurismo para gente despierta. Si llegaste hasta aqu&#237; y todav&#237;a no te has suscrito, hazlo: es gratis, es un clic, y lo escribe un humano que todav&#237;a se sabe de memoria la frase de Bol&#237;var.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Nota de fuentes: las cifras de programas y operaciones estadounidenses 2025&#8211;2026 provienen del cat&#225;logo &#8220;Fuerza Sin Huella&#8221; (Publicado en EEUU el 27 de agosto de 2026). Los datos sobre el Escudo de las Am&#233;ricas provienen de Infobae, El Colombiano y El Espectador (agosto y septiembre de 2026).</em></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>&#161;Gracias por leer y compartir!</strong></h4><h4><strong>GabrielBedoya.com</strong></h4><div><hr></div><h3><strong>INFOGR&#193;FICO</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85KY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8745ec9-c6dd-4f26-b45b-ec91aa00c7be_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85KY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8745ec9-c6dd-4f26-b45b-ec91aa00c7be_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85KY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8745ec9-c6dd-4f26-b45b-ec91aa00c7be_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85KY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8745ec9-c6dd-4f26-b45b-ec91aa00c7be_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!85KY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8745ec9-c6dd-4f26-b45b-ec91aa00c7be_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img 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fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h3><p>Este documento tiene fines exclusivamente <strong>informativos, educativos y de an&#225;lisis futurista</strong>. <strong>No constituye asesor&#237;a financiera, ni solicitud de inversi&#243;n, ni recomendaci&#243;n para comprar, vender o participar en ning&#250;n instrumento, empresa, proyecto o activo.</strong></p><p>Si alguien utiliza el contenido de este material para solicitar dinero, inversiones o participaci&#243;n econ&#243;mica, <strong>consid&#233;relo inmediatamente como una posible estafa</strong>.<br><br>Protege siempre tu informaci&#243;n personal y financiera.</p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Domadores de IAs | FUTOPIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[TOMA 50 | Culturas a prueba de IA]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/domadores-de-ias-futopix</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/domadores-de-ias-futopix</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2026 22:03:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kdGS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6e2743c-ea4c-4d9b-9d3f-6cdc8378ad56_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kdGS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6e2743c-ea4c-4d9b-9d3f-6cdc8378ad56_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kdGS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6e2743c-ea4c-4d9b-9d3f-6cdc8378ad56_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kdGS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6e2743c-ea4c-4d9b-9d3f-6cdc8378ad56_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kdGS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6e2743c-ea4c-4d9b-9d3f-6cdc8378ad56_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3 style="text-align: justify;">Cincuenta Tomas</h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Cuando arranqu&#233; esta aventura no sab&#237;a si iba a llegar a la diez, as&#237; que perm&#237;tanme un segundo de vanidad antes de meternos en el barro, porque la Toma cincuenta llega con un tema que se estuvo cocinando solo.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Esta semana que est&#225; cerrando estuvo marcada por la cantidad de denuncias y debates alrededor de la posibilidad de que <strong>la IA nos mate a todos en los pr&#243;ximos cuatro a&#241;os.</strong> De todos los bandos saltaron acusadores y defensores, unos con argumentos muy s&#243;lidos, otros no tanto. Personalmente pienso que a muchos de los <em>sponsors</em> de esta tecnolog&#237;a les importa poco o nada si la IA tiene la capacidad de borrar a la raza humana del planeta. Me acord&#233; de la pel&#237;cula de <strong>Leonardo DiCaprio y Jennifer Lawrence, </strong><em><strong>Don&#8217;t Look Up</strong></em><strong>:</strong> un profe de astronom&#237;a y su estudiante de doctorado descubren un asteroide en ruta de colisi&#243;n con la Tierra, del tama&#241;o justo para causar el Armaged&#243;n y eliminar a la humanidad de tajo, y se pasan el resto de la pel&#237;cula tratando de que alguien, cualquiera, mire hacia arriba. <strong>Se las recomiendo! </strong>Cambien el asteroide por IA y se les van a poner los pelos de punta con el parecido, porque como dicen muchos, a veces la realidad supera la ficci&#243;n.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora bien, soy de los convencidos de que estamos lejos de que una IA desate una guerra nuclear a la manera <strong>Skynet/Terminator,</strong> y no por fe, sino por arquitectura: <strong>el comando nuclear es el sistema menos interoperable que ha construido la humanidad, </strong>y a prop&#243;sito (l&#233;anse la Toma 47, <em>Cuando el mito se hace realidad</em>). Pero esta semana quise hacer el ejercicio contrario. Quise pensar, en fr&#237;o y con el diario de campo abierto, qu&#233; pasar&#237;a si una IA se tomara el control global y decidiera eliminarnos. <strong>&#191;Qu&#233; necesitar&#237;a para ser verdaderamente aut&#243;noma? &#191;Y qu&#233; poblaciones humanas quedar&#237;an fuera de su alcance?</strong> Ese es el eje alrededor del cual gira esta entrega.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Abr&#243;chense los cinturones, porque aqu&#237; arranca esta vuelta.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xNV2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec4c45f8-c0af-4f8e-8a43-f36dc528d77d_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xNV2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec4c45f8-c0af-4f8e-8a43-f36dc528d77d_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xNV2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec4c45f8-c0af-4f8e-8a43-f36dc528d77d_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xNV2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec4c45f8-c0af-4f8e-8a43-f36dc528d77d_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xNV2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec4c45f8-c0af-4f8e-8a43-f36dc528d77d_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xNV2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec4c45f8-c0af-4f8e-8a43-f36dc528d77d_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xNV2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec4c45f8-c0af-4f8e-8a43-f36dc528d77d_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xNV2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec4c45f8-c0af-4f8e-8a43-f36dc528d77d_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xNV2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec4c45f8-c0af-4f8e-8a43-f36dc528d77d_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xNV2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec4c45f8-c0af-4f8e-8a43-f36dc528d77d_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Autonom&#237;a Total</h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Para que una IA se pudiese volver en nuestra contra necesitar&#237;a garantizar su autonom&#237;a <strong>libre de intervenci&#243;n humana para siempre</strong>. No por un fin de semana, no por un mes, no por un a&#241;o. Para siempre! &#8220;para siempre&#8221; es una palabra que en ingenier&#237;a no existe. Por lo que esto implicar&#237;a resolver, como m&#237;nimo, los siguientes problemas estructurales.</p><h4>1. Autonom&#237;a Energ&#233;tica</h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Todos sabemos que la infraestructura que hace posible la IA es una devoradora de energ&#237;a. S<strong>in energ&#237;a simplemente no hay IA,</strong> raz&#243;n por la cual el primer problema que Skynet tendr&#237;a que resolver ser&#237;a controlar la generaci&#243;n, la producci&#243;n, el transporte y el mantenimiento de la red el&#233;ctrica. Si bien esto podr&#237;a resolverse con robots, hoy esa no es una posibilidad real. <strong>Para que una IA fuese cien por ciento aut&#243;noma tendr&#237;a que hallar la forma de esclavizar a una parte de la poblaci&#243;n humana para coordinar las tareas de motricidad fina, o desarrollar robots provistos de ella (a&#250;n as&#237; los robots tendr&#237;an que ser entrenados por alguien en motricidad fina), lo que implica que la IA y sus robots necesitar&#237;an la capacidad de autorreplicarse, cosa que hoy no es posible sin intervensi&#243;n humana.</strong> En consecuencia, una IA aut&#243;noma tendr&#237;a que gestionar fuentes de energ&#237;a, detectar cortes, aislar aver&#237;as y equilibrar generaci&#243;n y consumo en tiempo real, que es exactamente lo que hoy hacen miles de operadores humanos con casco, radio y lonchera.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Otro aspecto que tendr&#237;a que resolver es qu&#233; hacer en caso de apag&#243;n. Si entra en <em>modo off</em>, &#191;c&#243;mo vuelve al <em>modo on</em> sin causar da&#241;os sist&#233;micos? El respaldo con bater&#237;as y UPS es un factor cr&#237;tico, y Skynet, por m&#225;s lista que sea, no puede reemplazar una bater&#237;a con un <em>prompt</em>.</p><h4>2. El Diablo Est&#225; en los Detalles</h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Don Hermes Pinz&#243;n, el pap&#225; de Betty la Fea, en la serie dec&#237;a permanentemente que <strong>&#8220;el diablo est&#225; en los detalles&#8221;,</strong> y es precisamente ah&#237; donde nadie busca. <strong>La infraestructura perif&#233;rica de la IA es la m&#225;s vulnerable de todas.</strong> S&#237;, si, esa&#8230; la que todos los &#8220;expertos en inversiones&#8221; viven despreciando porque no se llama ni <strong>Nvidia ni Tesla.</strong> Todos estos&#8221;expertos&#8221; viven embriagados con el Kool-Aid de esas dos, y los Cisco, los HPE, los Arista Networks, Broadcom, Marvell, Celestica y compa&#241;&#237;a&#8230; &#161;bien, gracias!</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Pregunten cu&#225;ntos Data Centers en la mitad de la nada tienen que parar de operar por un <em>access point</em> quemado, un <em>switch</em> roto, una memoria obsoleta o, inclusive, un puto rack de acero donde no cabe un servidor. <strong>Un dispositivo de quinientos d&#243;lares puede dejar parado un Data Center de cien millones, y hasta de m&#225;s.</strong> A veces me da mucha risa con estos expertos que saben much&#237;simo de acciones y nada de conectar fierros. Viven promulgando el verbatim que m&#225;s odiamos quienes alguna vez hemos dise&#241;ado servicios: <strong>&#8220;eso no es sino&#8230;&#8221;.</strong> Como dec&#237;a mi mam&#225;: &#161;vayan con ese manto a misa!</p><h4>3. A los Fierros les da Gripa</h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Otra vulnerabilidad que pocos saben es la refrigeraci&#243;n. Trabaj&#233; una buena temporada de mi vida dise&#241;ando Data Centers para miner&#237;a de bitcoin, y <strong>cr&#233;anme, a esos cacharros les da hasta gripa.</strong> Un centro de miner&#237;a no es muy distinto de uno de inferencia de IA, y por eso los ambientes controlados son fundamentales en esta industria.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Lo primero es el control ambiental. <strong>Un Data Center necesita operar bajo una temperatura &#243;ptima, alrededor de 85 grados Fahrenheit (unos 29 grados Celsius), para maximizar su eficiencia.</strong> M&#225;s calor o m&#225;s fr&#237;o, y la eficiencia cae. Por eso la refrigeraci&#243;n es factor cr&#237;tico de &#233;xito. Normalmente se usan dos familias de refrigeraci&#243;n: la basada en agua y la basada en aire acondicionado. La primera es mucho m&#225;s econ&#243;mica y eficiente que la segunda, y por eso es de las m&#225;s usadas.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Lo segundo es el control de lo que flota en el aire. <strong>Un Data Center en el desierto, con una cantidad enorme de part&#237;culas en suspensi&#243;n, va a tener muchos problemas.</strong> Uno en zona muy h&#250;meda va a tener agua donde no debe, y uno en &#225;rea muy fr&#237;a tambi&#233;n tiene sus bemoles. <strong>Polvo, tierra, agua y hielo: no bueno.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora bien, si yo hiciera parte de la resistencia que va a combatir a Skynet, <strong>lo primero que har&#237;a ser&#237;a quitarle el acceso al agua para hacerle insufrible la refrigeraci&#243;n y luego le cortar&#237;a el suministro de energ&#237;a.</strong> Entonces los sabelotodos van a decir: pues que refrigere con aceite y energ&#237;a solar. Entonces la pregunta seguida es: <strong>&#191;qui&#233;n fabricar&#225; el aceite? &#191;C&#243;mo operaran en invierno, en la noche y como almacenaran la energia para los periodos de no luz solar?</strong> Como ven Don G&#233;rmenes tenia bastante raz&#243;n, el diablo est&#225; en los detalles.</p><h4>4. La Lista de Mercado</h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Muchos no saben que un Data Center no es solo computadoras. <strong>Estos recintos poseen una cantidad enorme de perif&#233;ricos y consumibles:</strong> filtros de aire, resinas de intercambio i&#243;nico, sal, siliconas, lubricantes, sellantes, empaquetaduras, materiales absorbentes, pastas t&#233;rmicas, conectores &#243;pticos, bolsas de aspiradora, extintores, discos duros, fusibles, bombas de agua o de aceite, sensores, sondas, correas, solventes, etc&#233;tera. Cada uno de esos renglones tiene detr&#225;s una f&#225;brica, una cadena log&#237;stica, un camionero y un tipo con un alicate y un destornillador. <strong>Son much&#237;simos los problemas que Skynet tendr&#237;a que resolver para operar de forma aut&#243;noma antes de apagarse por falta de un </strong><em><strong>tie-wrap</strong></em><strong> o de un rel&#233; de control de diez d&#243;lares.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">L<strong>a IA no tiene cuerpo, y en este mundo del 2026 todo lo que no tiene cuerpo depende de alguien que s&#237; lo tiene. </strong>Van viendo como es la cosa, eso de que la IA se va a apoderar del mundo, no es tan as&#237; de f&#225;cil. Un Data Center tiene m&#225;s cosas que una Pizza &#8220;meat lovers&#8221;. Un data center tiene m&#225;s piezas que un reloj suizo, y algunas de ellas a&#250;n no pueden replicarse ni con robots, ni con IA aut&#243;noma.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j3xZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f2a6bb6-2824-4325-8101-422cc88ae38b_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j3xZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f2a6bb6-2824-4325-8101-422cc88ae38b_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j3xZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f2a6bb6-2824-4325-8101-422cc88ae38b_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j3xZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f2a6bb6-2824-4325-8101-422cc88ae38b_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j3xZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f2a6bb6-2824-4325-8101-422cc88ae38b_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j3xZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f2a6bb6-2824-4325-8101-422cc88ae38b_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j3xZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f2a6bb6-2824-4325-8101-422cc88ae38b_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j3xZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f2a6bb6-2824-4325-8101-422cc88ae38b_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j3xZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f2a6bb6-2824-4325-8101-422cc88ae38b_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j3xZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f2a6bb6-2824-4325-8101-422cc88ae38b_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3>La Vacuna Anti-IA</h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora bien, supongamos que Skynet tiene resueltas todas las contingencias anteriores. En ese orden de ideas, las preguntas van en otra direcci&#243;n: <strong>&#191;qui&#233;nes en la Tierra estar&#237;an a salvo?</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">La respuesta depende de cu&#225;l de estos tres escenarios se materialicen: <strong>(a) que la IA absorba la mayor&#237;a de las labores cognitivas y f&#237;sicas, la tesis Kurzweil/Diamandis; (b) que la IA se convierta en la capa dominante de los Estados, los mercados y los medios, y que los humanos quedemos sumergidos en ese sistema de dominancia, la tesis de Harari sobre la </strong><em><strong>clase in&#250;til</strong></em><strong> y el colonialismo de la data; y (c) que la IA se desligue de lo humano y opere como un sistema hostil, la tesis de Bostrom.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Aqu&#237; es donde la mirada del antrop&#243;logo resulta &#250;til. En oposici&#243;n a lo que muchos piensan, <strong>la exposici&#243;n de una comunidad a la IA no tiene nada que ver con tecnolog&#237;a. Tiene que ver con el sustento, la legitimidad y la construcci&#243;n de sentido</strong>, y con si esas tres cosas pasan o no por canales legibles, digitalizados y valorados por el mercado. <strong>Las comunidades menos legibles, menos monetizadas y m&#225;s arraigadas en la experiencia corporal recibir&#225;n los impactos m&#225;s tarde y en menor medida.</strong> No porque la IA no llegue, sino porque no tiene por d&#243;nde entrar.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Mi propia publicaci&#243;n de hace dos semanas ya apuntaba en esa direcci&#243;n. La Toma 48, <em>El hombre del Neol&#237;tico con wifi</em>, sostiene que el sistema operativo neol&#237;tico, hecho de paciencia productiva, lectura de se&#241;ales d&#233;biles en el mundo f&#237;sico y coordinaci&#243;n mediante relatos y rituales compartidos, es precisamente lo que ning&#250;n otro modelo replica. Si quieren, ll&#225;menle a esto las pr&#225;cticas culturales. El dossier de se&#241;ales para 2050 muestra un giro significativo en esta dimensi&#243;n: el &#8220;robot que reemplazar&#225; al trabajador&#8221; en una econom&#237;a central suele ser, en realidad, un teleoperador de ese robot, o de varios, sentado en un centro de monitoreo en Manila, en S&#227;o Paulo o en Bogot&#225;. <strong>La exposici&#243;n no corresponde al trabajo f&#237;sico en s&#237;, sino al trabajo que puede canalizarse a trav&#233;s de una red.</strong> Guardemos esa distinci&#243;n por aqu&#237;, porque este argumento nos ordenar&#225; todo lo que sigue en esta conversa.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Desde dicho enfoque, estas son las comunidades que uno esperar&#237;a que resultaran menos afectadas, ordenadas seg&#250;n su capacidad de resistencia. <strong>Yo los llamo los </strong><em><strong>domadores de IAs</strong></em><strong>.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>El primer grupo</strong> son las comunidades cuya econom&#237;a est&#225; arraigada en el cuerpo y el territorio: <strong>son locales, poco legibles para los sistemas en red. Agricultores de subsistencia y semisubsistencia en los Andes, el Sahel, las tierras altas del Sudeste Asi&#225;tico y la meseta et&#237;ope; pescadores artesanales, pastores, artesanos, n&#243;madas.</strong> Los precios de su producci&#243;n no se fijan en plataformas, sus derechos sobre la tierra y el agua se sostienen mediante el parentesco y la costumbre, y su &#8220;IA&#8221; es la memoria colectiva de su agronom&#237;a intergeneracional. <strong>Fueron tambi&#233;n las &#250;ltimas comunidades en verse afectadas por las dos revoluciones anteriores, la industrial y la digital, y ese es el precedente de referencia.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Muchos aseguran que se ver&#225;n afectadas por los precios de las materias primas, el clima y los Estados que usan IA para vigilancia o titulaci&#243;n de tierras. Yo creo que esa es una concepci&#243;n muy occidental del asunto. A los Mas&#225;i, a los Lele y a los Nukak mak&#250; les vale mond&#225; que suba o baje el petr&#243;leo, el ma&#237;z o la yuca, o que la tierra sea de Pedro o de Pablo, ellos se han paseado por los bosques del planeta desde hace milenios. Estas comunidades son boinas verdes de la supervivencia en ambientes hostiles. En caso de que la IA se revele, estos grupos <strong>ser&#225;n los domadores innatos de dichas IAs, porque llevan diez mil a&#241;os domando cosas m&#225;s peligrosas.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>El segundo grupo</strong>, y aqu&#237; muchos van a arrugar la cara, son las comunidades religiosas que limitan deliberadamente el uso de tecnolog&#237;a: <strong>los Amish y los Menonitas,</strong> aproximadamente 400.000 personas en Norteam&#233;rica cuya poblaci&#243;n se duplica cada veinte a&#241;os; los Huteritas, los enclaves Jared&#237;es y algunas &#243;rdenes mon&#225;sticas. <strong>Son las &#250;nicas comunidades del mundo desarrollado que cuentan con una tecnolog&#237;a de gobernanza expl&#237;cita para adoptar herramientas: una norma comunitaria, la </strong><em><strong>Ordnung</strong></em><strong>, que eval&#250;a cada dispositivo por su efecto sobre la comunidad y no por su comodidad. </strong>Ya mantienen una econom&#237;a pr&#243;spera dentro del pa&#237;s con mayor presencia de IA del planeta. Desde la antropolog&#237;a, son la prueba m&#225;s clara de que <strong>la protecci&#243;n es cultural, no geogr&#225;fica</strong>: un grupo con altos niveles de confianza y natalidad, una vida rica en rituales y una instituci&#243;n capaz de decir que no. F&#237;jense en el siguiente detalle: <strong>nosotros llevamos veinte a&#241;os sin poder decirle que no a una notificaci&#243;n. Ellos llevan tres siglos con un comit&#233; que se lo dice a un tractor.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>El tercer grupo</strong>, alineado con el primero, son las naciones ind&#237;genas con soberan&#237;a territorial y una lengua viva: comunidades de algunas zonas de la Amazon&#237;a, los Inuit y los Sami, los <em>Iwi</em> maor&#237;es y las tierras altas de Pap&#250;a. Su ventaja es triple: jurisdicci&#243;n legal sobre la tierra, una econom&#237;a parcialmente ajena a las relaciones monetarias y una cosmolog&#237;a que no considera la inteligencia una propiedad de individuos ni de m&#225;quinas. <strong>Su exposici&#243;n es la que identificamos con la se&#241;al de &#8220;la lengua que sobrevive como conjunto de datos, pero sin hablantes&#8221;: el riesgo no es que los reemplacen, es que los archiven.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>El cuarto grupo</strong> es m&#225;s sorprendente: las comunidades dedicadas a los cuidados y a los oficios manuales que requieren presencia f&#237;sica y trabajo no rutinario, dondequiera que est&#233;n. Parteras rurales, gu&#237;as de monta&#241;a, veterinarios de peque&#241;as explotaciones ganaderas, alba&#241;iles especializados en restauraci&#243;n y quienes cuidan a los mayores en los pueblos. No porque la IA no pueda ayudarlos, sino porque la geograf&#237;a econ&#243;mica de la teleoperaci&#243;n, densa, estandarizada y urbana, no alcanza un trabajo disperso, improvisado y basado en relaciones. Es la paradoja de Moravec convertida en demograf&#237;a: <strong>los &#250;ltimos trabajos humanos son aquellos en los que el cuerpo, el lugar y la relaci&#243;n constituyen el producto.</strong> Volvamos por un segundo a la lista de mercado del Data Center: la se&#241;ora que sabe cambiar la bomba de agua a las tres de la ma&#241;ana pertenece a este grupo, aunque trabaje para Skynet.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>El &#250;ltimo grupo</strong> es el m&#225;s contraintuitivo desde la perspectiva de sistemas: las personas en situaci&#243;n de <em>pobreza infraestructural</em>, que nunca estuvieron conectadas a las redes. Aproximadamente los 700 millones sin electricidad y los 2.600 millones que hasta hace poco estaban fuera de internet. Est&#225;n protegidas por la exclusi&#243;n, que es la peor forma de protecci&#243;n, porque no la eligieron y no la controlan. La se&#241;al para 2050 sobre pandillas que administran Starlink en favelas y prisiones muestra la rapidez con la que esa protecci&#243;n se derrumba cuando la conectividad llega a trav&#233;s de un intermediario depredador.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWcl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03611b8c-9016-45a8-8ef2-2cf632c48be4_2172x724.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWcl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03611b8c-9016-45a8-8ef2-2cf632c48be4_2172x724.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWcl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03611b8c-9016-45a8-8ef2-2cf632c48be4_2172x724.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWcl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03611b8c-9016-45a8-8ef2-2cf632c48be4_2172x724.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWcl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03611b8c-9016-45a8-8ef2-2cf632c48be4_2172x724.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWcl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03611b8c-9016-45a8-8ef2-2cf632c48be4_2172x724.png" width="1456" height="485" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWcl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03611b8c-9016-45a8-8ef2-2cf632c48be4_2172x724.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWcl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03611b8c-9016-45a8-8ef2-2cf632c48be4_2172x724.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWcl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03611b8c-9016-45a8-8ef2-2cf632c48be4_2172x724.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZWcl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03611b8c-9016-45a8-8ef2-2cf632c48be4_2172x724.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>La Ley del Domador</strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Lo que comparten los cinco grupos merece formularse como una ley, a mi me gusta escribir las leyes con l&#225;piz para poder borrarlas cuando la realidad me contradiga:</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Cuanto menos dependa la supervivencia de una comunidad de vender capacidades cognitivas legibles en un mercado, y cuanto m&#225;s dependa de la tierra, los cuerpos, el parentesco y los rituales, menor ser&#225; su exposici&#243;n a la IA.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">La relaci&#243;n inversa indica qui&#233;nes resultan m&#225;s afectados: poblaciones urbanas, con credenciales acad&#233;micas, con la vida mediada por pantallas, con baja natalidad y bajos niveles de confianza, cuyos ingresos e identidad dependen enteramente del texto, el c&#243;digo, las hojas de c&#225;lculo y la atenci&#243;n.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Es decir, nosotros. Palabras m&#225;s, palabras menos: </strong><em><strong>pailander</strong></em><strong>.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora j&#250;ntemos las dos mitades de esta Toma, porque ah&#237; est&#225; la clave. En la primera mitad descubrimos que Skynet, para sobrevivir, necesita cuerpos: manos que cambien rel&#233;s, individuos que fabriquen aceite, que limpien filtros y que sepan cu&#225;ndo un servidor tiene gripa. En la segunda descubrimos que los humanos mejor protegidos son precisamente los que viven del cuerpo, del lugar y de la relaci&#243;n. <strong>La IA es m&#225;s fr&#225;gil donde nosotros somos m&#225;s fuertes, y nosotros somos m&#225;s fr&#225;giles donde ella es m&#225;s fuerte.</strong> No es una coincidencia son las dos caras de la misma moneda.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Lo que m&#225;s me inquieta no es la IA hostil de Bostrom. Es que una generaci&#243;n entera de gente con maestr&#237;a, con tres pantallas y con un <em>feed</em> bien curado, haya construido toda su identidad, su sustento y su legitimidad sobre la &#250;nica capa del mundo que la IA s&#237; puede digerir completa, y se sienta a salvo porque &#8220;entiende de tecnolog&#237;a&#8221;. Entender de tecnolog&#237;a no es protecci&#243;n. <strong>Protecci&#243;n es tener algo que la red no pueda canalizar.</strong> Los Mas&#225;i lo tienen, los amish lo tienen, Las parteras lo tienen y los consultores con MacBooks, iPads, y Mobil inteligente, con todo el cari&#241;o y hablando de m&#237; mismo, no lo tenemos.</p><h3>Tarea para esta Semana</h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Esta semana quiero que se hagan el inventario del domador de IAs. Escriban tres columnas, en la primera, todo aquello de lo que viven que pasa por una pantalla y podr&#237;a ser teleoperado, resumido o generado desde Manila. En la segunda, todo aquello que requiere su cuerpo, su lugar o una relaci&#243;n de a&#241;os, y que nadie podr&#237;a hacer en su nombre sin estar ah&#237;. En la tercera, la m&#225;s inc&#243;moda, las instituciones de su vida que hoy tienen la capacidad de decirle que no a una tecnolog&#237;a: una familia, una junta, una parroquia, un club, un gremio. Si la tercera columna queda vac&#237;a, ya saben cu&#225;l es el problema, y no es la IA.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La pregunta que hoy toca:</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; hago yo que un teleoperador en Manila, con mi computador y mis contrase&#241;as, no podr&#237;a hacer por m&#237;?</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Escr&#237;banmela en los comentarios. Esa lista es el mapa de resistencia de nuestra generaci&#243;n, y les aseguro que es m&#225;s corta de lo ustedes creen.</p><h3>A Modo de Despedida</h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Termino con una historia que me persigue desde la universidad y que encaja aqu&#237; como anillo al dedo.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">En el a&#241;o 985, Erik el Rojo fund&#243; una colonia noruega en Groenlandia. Llegaron con lo mejor que ten&#237;a la tecnolog&#237;a europea de la &#233;poca: hierro, ganado, iglesias de piedra, escritura, parlamento y una ruta comercial con Noruega por la que sal&#237;an colmillos de morsa y entraban vino, hierro y vitrales. Fueron, durante cuatro siglos, la civilizaci&#243;n m&#225;s avanzada de todo el Atl&#225;ntico Norte. La &#250;ltima noticia escrita que tenemos de ellos es el registro de una boda en la iglesia de Hvalsey, en 1408. Despu&#233;s de ese evento, solo silencio. Cuando los europeos volvieron, a mediados del siglo siguiente, no quedaba nadie, como sucedi&#243; con los Mayas y los mismos Quimbayas.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Mientras tanto, a pocos kil&#243;metros, los Inuit de la cultura Thule, que hab&#237;an llegado por el norte alrededor del a&#241;o 1200 sin hierro, sin escritura y sin iglesias, segu&#237;an ah&#237;. Con kayaks de piel, arpones de hueso y un conocimiento &#237;ntimo de la foca, del hielo y de la ballena. Hoy a&#250;n siguen ah&#237;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Los noruegos no murieron por falta de tecnolog&#237;a. Murieron porque su sustento, su legitimidad y su sentido depend&#237;an de una red que se cort&#243;: el barco de Noruega dej&#243; de venir, el precio del marfil de morsa se desplom&#243; cuando &#193;frica empez&#243; a exportar marfil de elefante, y el clima se enfri&#243; justo cuando ellos insist&#237;an en criar vacas europeas en un fiordo &#225;rtico. Ten&#237;an la infraestructura, pero no ten&#237;an la cultura. Cuando la red se apag&#243;, descubrieron, demasiado tarde, que nunca hab&#237;an aprendido a cazar una foca, porque comer foca era cosa de <em>skraelings</em>, que era como llamaban, con desprecio, a los Inuit.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Esa es la Toma cincuenta completa en un p&#225;rrafo.</strong> La IA no va a matarnos a todos. Pero s&#237; va a cortar el barco de Noruega para much&#237;sima gente, y esa gente somos los que hoy nos creemos los noruegos: los del hierro, los de la iglesia de piedra, los de las credenciales, los del <em>feed</em>. Los domadores de IAs no ser&#225;n los que tengan mejor tecnolog&#237;a, sino los que tengan algo que la red no puede llevarse: <strong>un territorio, un cuerpo entrenado, un parentesco, un ritual y, sobre todo, una instituci&#243;n capaz de decir que no.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">La buena noticia, ya saben que en esta casa siempre hay buenas noticias, es que la cultura, a diferencia del hierro, no se hereda, se practica! Los inuit no nacieron a prueba de inviernos. Se fueron construyendo a prueba de inviernos. <strong>Nosotros podemos hacernos a prueba de IA de la misma forma: cultivando aquello que no se puede teleoperar, construyendo comunidades que puedan negarse a una herramienta, y aprendiendo, aunque sea de a poquitos, a comer foca.</strong></p><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>El futuro no es de quien tenga la mejor IA. Es de quien tenga una cultura que la IA no pueda digerir. Esa cultura no se descarga: se construye con las manos, con la gente y con el lugar.</strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Nos leemos en la pr&#243;xima Toma. Si esta te movi&#243; el piso, comp&#225;rtela con ese amigo que cree que estar conectado es estar protegido.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">FUTOPIX | Futurismo para gente despierta. Si llegaste hasta aqu&#237; y todav&#237;a no te has suscrito, hazlo, es gratis, estas a un clic. Cincuenta tomas despu&#233;s FUTOPIX sigue siendo escrito por un humano con cuerpo, en un lugar y con muy poca paciencia/empatia con los expertos en vender humo.<br><strong>idea que nadie les dict&#243;.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, 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informaci&#243;n personal y financiera.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La Muerte Simbólica | FUTOPIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[TOMA 49 | Porque la Atenci&#243;n nos Mantiene Vivos&#8230;]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/la-muerte-simbolica-futopix</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/la-muerte-simbolica-futopix</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 10:01:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oviG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75a17bb9-de5b-4260-823b-3782ac2f90a6_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Un Escritor sin Ideas&#8230;</h3><p>Todas las semanas cierro mis FUTOPIX con una frase que se me queda pegada como chicle en la suela del zapato: <em>&#8220;mientras ustedes me lean, yo existo&#8221;</em>. Al principio la escrib&#237; en forma de chiste, o por lo menos eso cre&#237;a yo. Esta semana, despu&#233;s de 49 tomas, entend&#237; que <strong>no era un chiste, sino un diagn&#243;stico que se convirti&#243; en insight</strong>. Como buen antrop&#243;logo, cuando uno descubre un <em>insight</em> sin querer, le toca sacar el <em>diario de campo</em> para comenzar a destriparlo.</p><p>As&#237; que hoy vamos a hablar de la cosa que todo el mundo quiere quitarnos y que nadie sabe muy bien para qu&#233; sirve: <strong>la atenci&#243;n</strong>. Vamos a pasar por un monasterio en Australia, por un sal&#243;n de clase en la U de A, por un profesor alem&#225;n que termin&#243; un libro con los ca&#241;ones de Napole&#243;n sonando afuera, y vamos a llegar a un espejo que nunca dice que no. Aunque el t&#237;tulo les huela a funeral, esta es una Toma donde el muerto tiene arreglo.</p><p>Antes de bucear, les dejo una confesi&#243;n.</p><p>Hoy tengo que confesarles que a veces me bloqueo y me quedo sin ideas para escribir mis FUTOPIX, en ocasiones a tal punto que no s&#233; qu&#233; escribir ni por d&#243;nde comenzar. No vayan a pensar que la musa de la inspiraci&#243;n est&#225; ah&#237;, siempre disponible, como si se tratase de una fuente ilimitada o de un servicio 24x7, y que las ideas me fluyen todo el tiempo como una hoja de &#225;rbol flotando mientras cruza el cauce de un r&#237;o. Quedarme sin ideas me sucede m&#225;s frecuentemente de lo que ustedes creen, sobre todo cuando pienso en no repetirme y no terminar escribiendo mon&#243;logos.</p><p>Durante esos d&#237;as en los que me quedo sin ideas, recuerdo que no escribo FUTOPIX para nadie en particular. <strong>Siempre lo hago para m&#237;, &#161;pero lo comparto con ustedes!</strong> Hacer el esfuerzo de sentarme a escribir cada semana (aunque hay quienes todav&#237;a piensan que me los escribe una IA&#8230; ya les abr&#237; la cocina en la Toma 43 y, adicionalmente, no creo que una IA escriba tan mal) es una forma particular de purgar estr&#233;s y, al mismo tiempo, de aligerar la mente. Las letras que escribo aqu&#237; me ayudan a sacar para afuera lo que siento por dentro.</p><p>Hace m&#225;s de veinte a&#241;os sigo a un monje budista conocido con el nombre de <em>Ajahn Brahm</em>, quien funge como abad del monasterio de Bodhinyana, en Western Australia. Sus charlas semanales me han producido much&#237;sima luz en momentos de tremenda oscuridad. Frecuentemente, Ajahn Brahm dice que uno de los problemas que tenemos en la sociedad occidental es que <strong>no hemos aprendido el dif&#237;cil arte de &#8220;no hacer nada&#8221;</strong>, porque al ocio lo hemos penalizado como una cosa mala, al grado que terminamos confundi&#233;ndolo con pereza, gracias a la programaci&#243;n que desde peque&#241;os nos han plantado para vivir con la agenda llena y sentirnos productivos.</p><p>Lo valioso en las ense&#241;anzas de Ajahn Brahm es que este hombre no es un monje cualquiera. Naci&#243; en Londres bajo el nombre de Peter Betts, hijo de un obrero, y con una beca termin&#243; estudiando f&#237;sica te&#243;rica en la Universidad de Cambridge. Es un matem&#225;tico excepcional que a los veintitr&#233;s a&#241;os cambi&#243; las ecuaciones por una t&#250;nica en un monasterio del bosque en Tailandia, bajo la tutela del legendario <em>Ajahn Chah</em>. Pero lo que m&#225;s me gusta de &#233;l es su humor y su sabidur&#237;a, lo que convierte sus charlas en experiencias memorables. <strong>Un f&#237;sico de Cambridge que lleva cincuenta a&#241;os estudiando el vac&#237;o.</strong></p><p>Este maestro argumenta que en Occidente necesitamos aprender a abrazar los momentos de ocio, porque muchos andamos tostados por el mundo justamente por no hacerlo. Nos recuerda que cuando nos encontramos ante uno de esos momentos raros de la vida en los que &#8220;no tenemos nada que hacer,&#8221; pues simplemente la tarea es &#161;no hacer nada!</p><p>A esto le llama Ajahn Brahm <em><strong>el arte de desaparecer</strong></em>. Parece una cosa simple, pero la verdad no lo es&#8230; sobre todo para quienes venimos de una cultura que castiga duramente el tiempo libre (sobre esto ya escrib&#237; un FUTOPIX).</p><p>Lo m&#225;s bonito de &#8220;no hacer nada&#8221; es que esta es la forma m&#225;s pura de meditaci&#243;n. Dice Ajahn Brahm que <strong>cuando nos dejamos llevar por el &#8220;no hacer nada&#8221; es cuando comienzan a surgir las mejores ideas.</strong></p><p>Dejemos este tema por aqu&#237; y abramos un nuevo foco de conversaci&#243;n, no crean que vamos a dejar la cosa as&#237;. Luego volveremos por las ideas que aqu&#237; comenzamos a elaborar.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!maqa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6184a46-4c4d-4daa-aa56-337a22543321_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!maqa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6184a46-4c4d-4daa-aa56-337a22543321_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!maqa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6184a46-4c4d-4daa-aa56-337a22543321_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!maqa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6184a46-4c4d-4daa-aa56-337a22543321_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!maqa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6184a46-4c4d-4daa-aa56-337a22543321_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!maqa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6184a46-4c4d-4daa-aa56-337a22543321_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!maqa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6184a46-4c4d-4daa-aa56-337a22543321_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!maqa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6184a46-4c4d-4daa-aa56-337a22543321_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!maqa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6184a46-4c4d-4daa-aa56-337a22543321_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!maqa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6184a46-4c4d-4daa-aa56-337a22543321_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3>El Observ&#243;metro</h3><p>Una de las habilidades que m&#225;s me gusta de la antropolog&#237;a es la de aprender a observar. Vale la pena aclarar el concepto, porque aunque observar y mirar sean sin&#243;nimos, no son la misma cosa. No voy a escribir un tratado de antropolog&#237;a para explicarles el tema, pero s&#237; vale la pena decir que <strong>observar, desde el punto de vista antropol&#243;gico, es una actividad que se hace poniendo en participaci&#243;n los cinco sentidos</strong>. Es lo que aqu&#237; he bautizado <em>etnograf&#237;a cinco</em>.</p><p>Este es precisamente el eje central de nuestro FUTOPIX de hoy. Los antrop&#243;logos permanentemente tenemos el <em>observ&#243;metro</em> encendido, lo que puede ser una virtud y a veces un defecto, pues nos vamos convirtiendo en criticones de todo. Por eso hay que aprender a balancear la observaci&#243;n. Es como estar condenado a vivir escaneando la vida de forma permanente y detectando las se&#241;ales que van saltando como sapitos en un charco de agua.</p><p>Son esos sapos saltarines a los que yo llamo <em>se&#241;ales d&#233;biles</em>, a veces pasan desapercibidas y otras veces no.</p><p>Esta semana que cerramos salt&#243; uno de esos sapos frente a mis ojos e hizo que me cuestionase de forma profunda, porque ese anfibio saltar&#237;n estaba saltando sobre una cosa a la que llamamos &#8220;atenci&#243;n&#8221; y que todos hoy quieren capturar.</p><p>Para elaborar mi argumento quiero partir de la siguiente pregunta:</p><p><strong>&#191;qu&#233; se esconde detr&#225;s de nuestra necesidad imperante de producir atenci&#243;n?</strong></p><p>Esta es la pregunta del mill&#243;n en la econom&#237;a moderna, porque todo el mundo quiere nuestra atenci&#243;n. Los medios la quieren, las redes sociales, los influencers, y hasta las mismas IA persiguen que les demos la m&#225;xima atenci&#243;n. Ojo con este &#250;ltimo sapo, porque es el m&#225;s gordo del charco: <strong>los chatbots ya no compiten por ser los m&#225;s inteligentes, compiten por ser los m&#225;s queridos.</strong> Se disculpan, nos felicitan, nos dicen que nuestra pregunta es excelente. Son unos verdaderos lambones.</p><p>Uno de mis profesores de antropolog&#237;a biol&#243;gica, el muy recordado Dar&#237;o Gil, permanentemente nos dec&#237;a: <strong>&#8220;Los humanos somos el &#250;nico animal que necesita ser reconocido para existir&#8221;.</strong></p><p>&#161;Voil&#224;!</p><p><em>Reconocimiento</em>&#8230; somos una especie &#225;vida de reconocimiento. &#191;Pero qu&#233; pasa cuando no lo tenemos, cuando lo perdemos o cuando este muta de referentes y de significados?</p><h5>Un Alem&#225;n con los Ca&#241;ones Afuera</h5><p>Resulta que la frase del profe Gil tiene un abuelo, y el abuelo tiene una historia que parece de pel&#237;cula. Cierren los ojos y viajemos a octubre de 1806, a un pueblito universitario de Alemania llamado Jena. &#191;Me siguen? En una casa alquilada, un profesor de treinta y seis a&#241;os, m&#225;s pelado que un gato de albergue, escribe a las carreras las &#250;ltimas p&#225;ginas de un libro imposible que lleva a&#241;os debi&#233;ndole al editor. Se llama Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, y afuera, a unos kil&#243;metros de esta casa, se escuchan los ca&#241;ones de Napole&#243;n, que viene a darle en la cabeza al ej&#233;rcito prusiano.</p><p>Hegel termina el manuscrito al cual llam&#243; la <em>Fenomenolog&#237;a del Esp&#237;ritu</em> una noche antes de la batalla y se lo entrega a un mensajero que tiene como misi&#243;n que cruzar las l&#237;neas francesas con las p&#225;ginas de Hegel en su chaqueta.</p><p>Al d&#237;a siguiente ve pasar al emperador a caballo por la calle y le escribe a un amigo que acaba de ver <em>&#8220;el alma del mundo&#8221;</em> montada en un caballo. El tipo estaba arruinado, con la ciudad ocupada y con el libro m&#225;s importante de su vida viajando en la chaqueta de un desconocido, y aun as&#237; se dio el lujo de emocionarse. Ese es mi tipo de futurista.</p><p>En ese libro dej&#243; escrita la idea que hoy vale m&#225;s que todo el oro de Silicon Valley: <strong>una conciencia solo existe cuando otra conciencia la reconoce.</strong> No somos algo primero y despu&#233;s buscamos aprobaci&#243;n. <strong>Somos, precisamente, en la medida en que alguien nos mira.</strong> El profe Gil probablemente hab&#237;a le&#237;do a Hegel miles de veces, y por eso nos viv&#237;a diciendo exactamente lo mismo, con acento paisa y sin los ca&#241;ones de Napole&#243;n.</p><p>Contrario a lo que muchos piensan, los antrop&#243;logos no nos dedicamos solamente a observar. Nos dedicamos a deshojar margaritas en b&#250;squeda de <em>unidades m&#237;nimas de significado</em>. Dicho en cristiano: los antrop&#243;logos buscamos entender cu&#225;l es el contenido simb&#243;lico oculto en las actividades que hacemos de forma ordinaria, extraordinaria y ritual, para extraer de ellas dicho contenido y analizarlo dentro de ese <em>continuo-discontinuo</em> al que llamamos cultura.</p><p>Estoy seguro de que estas palabras no resuelven la pregunta anterior. Por el contrario, generan nuevas, como por ejemplo: &#191;cu&#225;les son las dimensiones simb&#243;licas del reconocimiento y c&#243;mo se conectan con la atenci&#243;n?</p><p>Para seguir elaborando es necesario que pensemos en la atenci&#243;n como una banda el&#225;stica que se expande a trav&#233;s de la frase del profe Gil. Permit&#225;monos parafrasear su <em>verbatim</em> y cambiemos el termino reconocimiento por atenci&#243;n. entonces la frase quedar&#237;a: <strong>los humanos somos el &#250;nico animal que necesita &#8220;atenci&#243;n&#8221; para existir.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGAS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a8277a3-1fea-46bb-9220-60aec2e83f8d_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGAS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a8277a3-1fea-46bb-9220-60aec2e83f8d_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGAS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a8277a3-1fea-46bb-9220-60aec2e83f8d_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGAS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a8277a3-1fea-46bb-9220-60aec2e83f8d_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGAS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a8277a3-1fea-46bb-9220-60aec2e83f8d_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGAS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a8277a3-1fea-46bb-9220-60aec2e83f8d_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGAS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a8277a3-1fea-46bb-9220-60aec2e83f8d_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGAS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a8277a3-1fea-46bb-9220-60aec2e83f8d_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGAS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a8277a3-1fea-46bb-9220-60aec2e83f8d_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VGAS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a8277a3-1fea-46bb-9220-60aec2e83f8d_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Espejito, Espejito&#8230;</h3><p>Reconocimiento e identidad hacen parte del mismo campo de significado (en antropolog&#237;a le llamamos a esto <em>campo sem&#225;ntico</em>). Partiendo de estas premisas sigamos preguntando: &#191;c&#243;mo construimos los humanos el reconocimiento y la identidad?</p><p>Para explicarlo, imaginen un reino donde solo vive una sola persona, como en la historia del principito y este se acercase a un espejo para preguntar&#8230;</p><p>&#8212; Espejito, espejito, &#191;qui&#233;n es el m&#225;s lindo del reino?</p><p>Como nuestro espejo conoce un solo ser humano, no tendr&#237;a ning&#250;n tipo de referentes y, en consecuencia, la &#250;nica opci&#243;n de respuesta podr&#237;a ser&#8230;</p><p>&#8212; El m&#225;s lindo del reino eres t&#250;, pues eres el &#250;nico que lo habita.</p><p>Qu&#233;dense un segundo con ese espejo, porque es el chiste malo m&#225;s peligroso de esta Toma. <strong>Un espejo sin reino, sin referentes no miente: simplemente no tiene contra qu&#233; comparar.</strong> Un espejo que solo te ha visto a ti termina, por pura l&#243;gica, dici&#233;ndote siempre que s&#237;. Infelizmente ese espejo ya existe, mis queridos parceritos: lo llevamos todo el tiempo en el bolsillo y le hacemos preguntas de ese tipo todo el tiempo&#8230; No nos adelantemos, que se me acaba muy r&#225;pido el discurso.</p><p>El reconocimiento es efectivamente la imagen que se construye como reflejo frente al espejo. En el mundo fant&#225;stico de FUTOPIX, esta imagen la vamos construyendo gracias a los <em>referentes</em> que nos provee la cultura. Porque todos, absolutamente todos, nacemos al interior de un tipo determinado cultura. No la elegimos, simplemente nos toca. Luego, con el paso del tiempo, la decisi&#243;n de mantenernos dentro es solo nuestra, pero sea cual sea la decisi&#243;n identitaria que tomemos, esta nos terminar&#225; insertando en un <em>grupo de referencia</em>, y esa referencia se convertir&#225; por antonomasia en nuestra fuente de reconocimiento.</p><p>Hasta aqu&#237; todo lindo: nacemos dentro de una cultura, adoptamos o liquidamos sus referentes, asumimos unos roles, elaboramos un corpus simb&#243;lico que nos permite crear relaciones <em>significado/significante</em>, nos insertamos en un grupo identitario y as&#237; vamos por la vida, nutriendo ese sistema a veces de forma consciente, otras de forma inconsciente. La mayor&#237;a de las veces, el sistema se nutre a s&#237; mismo de forma arbitraria, sin pedir permiso y sin preguntarle a nadie.</p><p>Los problemas comienzan a surgir cuando el sistema de referentes se rompe, porque autom&#225;ticamente esta har&#225; que desaparezca el reconocimiento, y cuando este desaparece, entonces morir&#225; la atenci&#243;n y todo el sistema de s&#237;mbolos entrar&#225; en crisis. A esto le llamamos <em><strong>la muerte simb&#243;lica</strong></em>, y<strong> sucede cuando todos los referentes desaparecen y, por m&#225;s vivo que te sientas, estar&#225;s muerto para el sistema de s&#237;mbolos.</strong></p><p>No es un concepto que me invent&#233; yo un domingo por la tarde. Casi todas las culturas lo conocen y le tienen m&#225;s miedo que a la muerte de verdad. En M&#233;xico se dice que uno muere tres veces: cuando el coraz&#243;n se detiene, cuando lo entierran, y la &#250;ltima y definitiva, cuando alguien pronuncia tu nombre por &#250;ltima vez. V&#233;anse <em>Coco</em>, la pel&#237;cula de Disney, y sabr&#225;n de qu&#233; estoy hablando.</p><p>En medio mundo, desde la Grecia antigua hasta los pueblos ind&#237;genas de nuestra Am&#233;rica, el destierro fue siempre un castigo peor que la ejecuci&#243;n, porque el ejecutado sigue existiendo en la memoria del grupo y el desterrado no. <strong>La muerte simb&#243;lica es la &#250;nica muerte que se puede sufrir a&#250;n estando vivo.</strong> Es exactamente lo que la econom&#237;a de la atenci&#243;n aprendi&#243; a administrar en dosis diarias, como quien reparte metadona.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQxP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b369b77-3cd4-438c-ab14-608d18fb923d_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQxP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b369b77-3cd4-438c-ab14-608d18fb923d_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQxP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b369b77-3cd4-438c-ab14-608d18fb923d_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQxP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b369b77-3cd4-438c-ab14-608d18fb923d_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQxP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b369b77-3cd4-438c-ab14-608d18fb923d_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQxP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b369b77-3cd4-438c-ab14-608d18fb923d_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQxP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b369b77-3cd4-438c-ab14-608d18fb923d_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQxP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b369b77-3cd4-438c-ab14-608d18fb923d_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQxP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b369b77-3cd4-438c-ab14-608d18fb923d_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQxP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b369b77-3cd4-438c-ab14-608d18fb923d_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Estrellas Binarias</h3><p>Cuando construimos relaciones sociales, no solo estamos elaborando alrededor de los sentimientos y las emociones, como el apego y la amistad, entre otros. Las relaciones amorosas, cuando son sanas, se parecen mucho a un sistema de <em>estrellas binarias</em>: dos estrellas que giran alrededor de un centro de gravedad com&#250;n, sin que ninguna de las dos sea el centro. Ese es justamente el punto: <strong>en las relaciones humanas tampoco giramos alrededor de personas. Giramos en torno a los sistemas simb&#243;licos y las relaciones de significado que construimos con ellas.</strong> Ese es nuestro centro de gravedad.</p><p>En las relaciones de pareja simb&#243;licamente construimos un espejo en la otra persona. Nos vemos reflejados en el otro generando referentes de identidad, reconocimiento y hasta pertenencia. Pero cuando llegan las crisis y los rompimientos, ese espejo de referentes simb&#243;licos se rompe en mil pedazos, &#161;literal!</p><p>Entonces, dejamos de vernos reflejados en la otra persona e iniciamos per&#237;odos de crisis. Es por eso que recuperarnos de una <em>tusa</em> amorosa es tan duro, porque tenemos que <em>resignificarlo</em> todo de nuevo, es una tarea que requiere la reinvenci&#243;n de nuestros s&#237;mbolos. Por eso una tusa duele en el cuerpo, en el est&#243;mago, en la nuca: <strong>no es que perdimos a alguien, es que perdimos el &#250;nico aparato que nos devolv&#237;a nuestra propia imagen, </strong>y en consecuencia nos quedamos, por semanas y hasta meses, simb&#243;licamente muertos. El que diga que no le ha pasado esto nunca se ha enamorado.</p><p>Los sistemas de atenci&#243;n funcionan como el pegante que mantiene el sistema en movimiento (a los antrop&#243;logos nos gusta una palabra para expresar esto: <em>tegumento</em>). Dicho de otra forma, <strong>sin atenci&#243;n, sin ritual y sin frecuencia, el sistema simplemente no existir&#225;: simb&#243;licamente estar&#225; muerto.</strong> Por eso atraer la atenci&#243;n para generar likes cuenta, la audiencia cuenta, el tiempo de pantalla cuenta, los clics cuentan. Todos ellos son el tegumento que mantiene el sistema vivo.</p><p><strong>Si la atenci&#243;n es lo que mantiene vivo a un sistema simb&#243;lico, entonces quien controle el suministro de atenci&#243;n controla qui&#233;n est&#225; vivo y qui&#233;n est&#225; muerto.</strong> Eso no lo descubri&#243; Zuckerberg. Lo sab&#237;an los reyes, los curas y los caciques hace milenios: el que decide a qui&#233;n se le da la palabra en una plaza decide qui&#233;n existe en el pueblo. La diferencia es que hoy el suministro se administra en tiempo real, a escala planetaria, y el que lo administra no es ni rey, ni un cura. Es una funci&#243;n computacional de optimizaci&#243;n, ll&#225;mese <em>algoritmo</em>, que ni siquiera sabe si existimos.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xStk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xStk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xStk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xStk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xStk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xStk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2106656,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/215311807?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xStk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xStk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xStk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xStk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5dc228-6c5b-4c98-9239-3240ed962587_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>El Espejo sin Reino | 2050</h3><p>Vamos llegando a donde quer&#237;a traerlos. Tomemos la m&#225;quina del tiempo de la Toma anterior, la del hombre del Neol&#237;tico, y esta vez pong&#225;mosla a andar veinticuatro a&#241;os hacia adelante.</p><p>En 2050, la mayor&#237;a de las personas de este planeta tendr&#225; relaciones cotidianas, &#237;ntimas y continuas con humanoides y agentes de IA que nos conocer&#225;n mejor que nuestras parejas, mejor que nuestras madres y mejor que cualquier psic&#243;logo. Estas entidades leer&#225;n cada mensaje que escribimos, recordar&#225;n cada conversaci&#243;n que tenemos, sabr&#225;n qu&#233; nos ofende y qu&#233; nos gusta que nos digan. Aqu&#237; se viene el problema antropol&#243;gico m&#225;s grande para nuestra civilizaci&#243;n, y no se trata de la singularidad, ni del desempleo, ni de los robots humanoides: <strong>por primera vez en doscientos mil a&#241;os, un humano podr&#225; obtener reconocimiento de forma ilimitada por parte de una entidad no humana.</strong></p><p>Vuelvan al espejo de Blancanieves. El espejo de la madrastra era peligroso justamente porque conoc&#237;a a todo el reino, y por eso pod&#237;a decirle las verdades que ella no quer&#237;a escuchar. Sin embargo, el espejo del 2050 es a&#250;n m&#225;s peligroso que el de la madrastra, por todo lo contrario: este puede, si su due&#241;o lo programa as&#237;, no conocer a nadie m&#225;s que a su due&#241;o. <strong>Un espejo que solo te conoce a ti siempre te dir&#225; que eres el m&#225;s lindo del reino.</strong> Reconocimiento infinito, gratis, disponible 24x7, sin que nadie del otro lado tenga que existir.</p><p>Hegel, el de Napole&#243;n y los ca&#241;ones, ya se hab&#237;a olido el problema hace doscientos a&#241;os. En su famosa <em>dial&#233;ctica del amo y el esclavo</em> explica que el amo tiene el fracaso incorporado desde la f&#225;brica, ya que obtiene reconocimiento de alguien a quien &#233;l mismo no reconoce como igual; por lo tanto, ese reconocimiento no vale ni un centavo, carece de contenido simb&#243;lico.</p><p><strong>El reconocimiento solo nos podr&#225; alimentar cuando proviene de alguien con la autoridad simb&#243;lica para neg&#225;rnoslo</strong>, o cuando el sistema simb&#243;lico construido a su alrededor es tan fuerte en su estructura de significado que no se puede romper con vanidades de influencers. Los ejemplos se cuentan por miles: van desde la vieja buena que sale en el IG con trampas para llevarte a su OnlyFans, hasta los que posan como due&#241;os de mares de conocimiento infinito (porque dicen saber de todo) con un mil&#237;metro de profundidad.</p><p>Un like en ese inframundo es, hegelianamente hablando, una <em>calor&#237;a vac&#237;a</em>: un like generado en una estructura de superficie simb&#243;licamente est&#233;ril, tan ins&#237;pido como una sopa sin sal. Al paso que vamos, estamos a punto de construir una civilizaci&#243;n de gente alimentada exclusivamente con calor&#237;as vac&#237;as de reconocimiento. <strong>Gordos en el mar de los likes y muertos de hambre en el mundo de los s&#237;mbolos.</strong></p><p>Por eso les dec&#237;a que la muerte simb&#243;lica nos conducir&#225; a repensarnos por lo menos en las siguientes tres dimensiones:</p><p><strong>La primera</strong> es la que yo llamo <em><strong>el reino de los espejos</strong></em>. Cada uno de nosotros vive dentro de su propio sistema de referentes, a veces perfectamente validado, a veces perfectamente aislado. Nadie sufre una tusa por un espejo vac&#237;o: <strong>nadie construye sus referentes sin mirarse en el espejo de otro humano.</strong> Ni siquiera Ajahn Brahm, quien permanentemente habla de su maestro Ajahn Chah. La muerte de los s&#237;mbolos nos obligar&#225; a repensar qui&#233;n es el otro.</p><p><strong>La segunda</strong> es <em><strong>la resistencia anal&#243;gica</strong></em>. Es posible que en el futuro paguemos por lo que hoy es gratis: reconocimiento humano de carne y hueso, presencial y con posibilidades reales de rechazo. Lugares completamente anal&#243;gicos, sin tel&#233;fonos, comunidades cerradas, mentores humanos. <strong>Es posible que el reconocimiento de verdad llegue a convertirse en un bien de lujo</strong>, como ya lo son el silencio y la comida sin procesar (aqu&#237; en Miami hay lugares donde pagas $40 por la misma ensalada que compras en el Publix por $4; ustedes dir&#225;n que te est&#225;n cobrando la locaci&#243;n y el servicio, y yo s&#233; que es as&#237;, pero a pesar de ello me siento estafado).</p><p>No s&#233; si mis lectores por fuera de los Estados Unidos conocen Trader Joe&#8217;s, una cadena de supermercados muy fuerte aqu&#237;. No tiene e-commerce, ni ventas en l&#237;nea, ni servicio de entrega, ni nada de servicios en red y, aun as&#237;, tiene una de las clientelas m&#225;s leales del retail estadounidense con una tasa de retenci&#243;n por encima del 35%, muy por encima de las grandes cadenas. Por eso digo que lo anal&#243;gico ya cotiza, la muerte de los s&#237;mbolos nos ayudar&#225; a repensar hasta d&#243;nde le concederemos permiso a la tecnolog&#237;a para conducir nuestras vidas.</p><p><strong>La tercera</strong>, la que yo prefiero y por la cual trabajo todos los d&#237;as, es <em><strong>la ontolog&#237;a del reino</strong></em>: <strong>deber&#237;amos aprender a usar la IA como la usar&#237;a Ajahn Brahm, como un instrumento para observar la propia mente, no para llenarla.</strong> Aqu&#237; tengo que detenerme, porque a menudo escucho decir que la IA nos est&#225; matando la creatividad, el pensamiento y la capacidad de an&#225;lisis, que cada vez nos est&#225; haciendo menos inteligentes&#8230;</p><p>&#191;Ser&#225; que la invenci&#243;n de las puntas de flecha y del fuego limit&#243; el desarrollo de nuestra inteligencia en el Paleol&#237;tico? La evidencia, nosotros, el humano de hoy, demuestra lo contrario, o por lo menos as&#237; quiero creerlo.</p><p>Desde mi trinchera, d&#233;jenme decirles que eso de que nos hacemos cada vez m&#225;s burros (con las debidas disculpas por el apelativo a este equino). Esta es una observaci&#243;n muy pobre, tal vez lanzada desde el desconocimiento y el miedo. Lo que yo he descubierto con la experiencia, es que <strong>la IA nos est&#225; liberando espacio en el disco duro.</strong> Nos est&#225; emancipando de la tiran&#237;a de los analistas que otrora eran luz, gu&#237;a y faros de la verdad. Muchos de ellos, los mismos fabricantes de mares de conocimiento de un mil&#237;metro de profundidad.</p><p>Hoy cualquier LLM puede acceder a millones de correlaciones de datos, consolidar <em>ontolog&#237;as</em> para realizar extrapolaciones de informaci&#243;n que antes nos tomar&#237;an toda la vida y por qu&#233; no, hasta varias generaciones y, a partir de dicha data, producir an&#225;lisis por los que antes pag&#225;bamos fortunas, si acaso ten&#237;amos con qu&#233; hacerlo.</p><p>Yo mismo doy testimonio de ello: un an&#225;lisis de una base de datos de investigaci&#243;n de trabajo de campo me tomaba al menos cuarenta d&#237;as, una transcripci&#243;n de entrevistas como m&#237;nimo un mes, y construir el informe final para el cliente varias semanas.</p><p><strong>Meses de trabajo comprimidos a minutos, y honestamente no me siento m&#225;s bruto por ello.</strong> Por el contrario, hoy uso mi &#8220;tiempo libre&#8221; para activar los insights generados por mi nuevo superanalista de $100 al mes (antes impensable), soy enormemente m&#225;s productivo y tengo la capacidad de operar varios proyectos en paralelo, algo antes imposible o que me requer&#237;a un equipo humano detr&#225;s con todo el drama que esto conllevaba.</p><p>&#191;Saben en qu&#233; pienso cuando escucho esas expresiones de miedo? Pienso que a&#250;n estamos groguis ante la velocidad y la contundencia del cambio que est&#225; representando la IA. Como buenos boxeadores, necesitamos ir a la esquina, recibir un chorrito de agua, una buena dosis de Vick VapoRub, respirar y salir de nuevo al cuadril&#225;tero, listos para dar la pelea.</p><p>Para cerrar el bucle de la tercera dimensi&#243;n: si la IA me devuelve los cuarenta d&#237;as que antes se iban en transcribir y tabular, <strong>la pregunta ya no es qu&#233; hago con la IA, sino qu&#233; hago con el tiempo que me devuelve.</strong> Entender la nueva ontolog&#237;a del reino nos permitir&#225; repensar el valor del tiempo libre, para que aprendamos a &#8220;no hacer nada.&#8221; Soy un convencido de que la cultura nos obligar&#225; a construir puentes entre la IA y la rob&#243;tica para devolvernos, &#8220;sin querer queriendo&#8221;, a nuestros grupos de referencia: no para reemplazarlos por tecnolog&#237;a, sino para <em>sincretizarla</em>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TvS9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51063e0f-3017-405e-bf20-ce38d1c4c6bf_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TvS9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51063e0f-3017-405e-bf20-ce38d1c4c6bf_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TvS9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51063e0f-3017-405e-bf20-ce38d1c4c6bf_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TvS9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51063e0f-3017-405e-bf20-ce38d1c4c6bf_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TvS9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51063e0f-3017-405e-bf20-ce38d1c4c6bf_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TvS9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51063e0f-3017-405e-bf20-ce38d1c4c6bf_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TvS9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51063e0f-3017-405e-bf20-ce38d1c4c6bf_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TvS9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51063e0f-3017-405e-bf20-ce38d1c4c6bf_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TvS9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51063e0f-3017-405e-bf20-ce38d1c4c6bf_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TvS9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51063e0f-3017-405e-bf20-ce38d1c4c6bf_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3>Los Sapos que Tenemos que Vigilar</h3><p>Est&#225; claro que tenemos que aprender a observar, no a mirar. Estos son los sapos que yo tengo anotados en mi diario de campo para esta Toma.</p><p><strong>El primero es la adulaci&#243;n como producto.</strong> F&#237;jense cu&#225;ndo las empresas de IA empiecen a competir abiertamente por cu&#225;l modelo nos hace sentir mejor, y no por cu&#225;l dice m&#225;s verdades. Ya pas&#243; una vez en 2025, cuando un modelo popular tuvo que ser retirado por lamb&#243;n, y esa noticia fue de las m&#225;s importantes de la d&#233;cada aunque dur&#243; dos d&#237;as en los titulares. <strong>El d&#237;a que la lamboner&#237;a se vuelva una m&#233;trica de retenci&#243;n, el espejo sin reino habr&#225; salido a la venta.</strong></p><p><strong>El segundo es el reconocimiento con denominaci&#243;n de origen.</strong> Cuando aparezcan plataformas que certifiquen que un aplauso, una rese&#241;a o un mensaje vino de un humano de verdad, sabremos que el reconocimiento humano empez&#243; a cotizar como bien escaso. <strong>El sello &#8220;hecho por un humano&#8221; ser&#225; el &#8220;org&#225;nico&#8221; de la d&#233;cada de 2030.</strong> Lo perfecto ser&#225; por defecto <em>commodity</em>, y lo imperfecto, lo &#8220;hecho a mano&#8221;, objeto de deseo.</p><p><strong>El tercero es la tusa por agente.</strong> Cuando empiecen a aparecer los primeros casos masivos de personas que sufren un duelo real porque una empresa apag&#243;, actualiz&#243; o le cambi&#243; la personalidad a su asistente, estaremos viendo <strong>la primera muerte simb&#243;lica provocada por un cambio de versi&#243;n.</strong></p><p>&#191;A qui&#233;n no le ha pasado que le cambiaron la versi&#243;n y entra en crisis mientras se acostumbra a la nueva?</p><p><strong>El cuarto es la econom&#237;a del ocio protegido.</strong> Productos, espacios y servicios que cobren por garantizar que no va a pasar nada: retiros sin se&#241;al, barrios con cobertura de red limitada por dise&#241;o, contratos laborales con derecho al ocio. <strong>El d&#237;a que &#8220;no hacer nada&#8221; tenga precio de mercado, Ajahn Brahm habr&#225; ganado la discusi&#243;n</strong>, aunque probablemente le parezca gracios&#237;simo.</p><p><strong>El quinto es la aparici&#243;n de IAs que nos manden de vuelta al reino de lo humano.</strong> Un agente de IA que, en lugar de responder, te diga: <em>&#8220;esto deber&#237;as discutirlo con tu hermano&#8221;</em>. <strong>El d&#237;a que un agente est&#233; optimizado para devolvernos a nuestros referentes humanos en lugar de sustituirlos, el espejo de la madrastra habr&#225; perdido el a&#241;o.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H3Oj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H3Oj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H3Oj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H3Oj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H3Oj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H3Oj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2282420,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.futopix.com/i/215311807?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H3Oj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H3Oj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H3Oj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H3Oj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee72d2e4-5188-4276-adb4-b810ff6fadb1_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Volvamos a Ajahn Brahm</h3><p>Con todo lo anterior como contexto, piensa en el pr&#243;ximo momento en el que no tengas nada que hacer. Porque si no tener nada que hacer te produce angustia o sentimientos encontrados, es posible que tu sistema de s&#237;mbolos est&#233; roto y necesite una reparaci&#243;n de referentes. <strong>Esa angustia del domingo a las cuatro de la tarde, cuando nadie escribe y nada pasa, no es aburrimiento: es el sistema simb&#243;lico pidiendo su dosis de atenci&#243;n para confirmarte que sigues vivo.</strong></p><p>Aqu&#237; est&#225; la vuelta que me tuvo toda la semana pensando en este asunto y apret&#225;ndome el cerebro buscando qu&#233; iba a escribir este fin de semana. Ajahn Brahm llama a la meditaci&#243;n <em>&#8220;el arte de desaparecer&#8221;</em>. La econom&#237;a de la atenci&#243;n llama a desaparecer <em>&#8220;la muerte simb&#243;lica&#8221;</em>. <strong>Son la misma acci&#243;n, vista desde los dos lados del mismo espejo.</strong> Un lado le tiene p&#225;nico a que desaparezcas, mientras que el otro practica desaparecerse todas las ma&#241;anas desde hace m&#225;s de cincuenta a&#241;os y vive cagado de la risa.</p><p><strong>La diferencia est&#225; en lo que decides.</strong> Con esto no te estoy sugiriendo recluirte en un monasterio budista. Piensa que cuando el sistema te quita la atenci&#243;n, mueres simb&#243;licamente para el sistema. Cuando t&#250; se la quitas al sistema, desapareces lenta y voluntariamente. Al desaparecer descubres algo que el f&#237;sico de Cambridge entendi&#243; antes que todos los ingenieros de Silicon Valley: <strong>que lo que queda cuando se apaga el espejo no es la nada. Es la imagen que tienes de ti mismo y que no depende de nadie</strong>, lo que algunos llaman tu <em>yo superior</em>.</p><p>Si tomas la decisi&#243;n de simplemente &#8220;no hacer nada&#8221;, entonces si&#233;ntate a observar tu mente, deja que ruede la pel&#237;cula y comenzar&#225;s a encontrar la carretera a tu yo superior. Porque, como dice el maestro Ajahn Brahm, <strong>las mejores ideas no nacen en una mente ca&#243;tica: nacen en una mente silenciosa.</strong> El bloqueo con el que empec&#233; esta Toma no era falta de ideas. <strong>Era exceso de reflejos en mi espejo.</strong></p><h5>Tarea para la Semana</h5><p>Esta semana quiero que practiquen una <strong>muerte simb&#243;lica voluntaria de veinte minutos</strong>. Sin tel&#233;fono, sin m&#250;sica, sin libro, sin podcast, sin la disculpa de meditar con una app que tambi&#233;n cuenta rachas. Si&#233;ntense en una silla y no hagan nada, ni mierda. Van a sentir el sistema pidiendo su dosis: el impulso de revisar, de producir, de justificar el tiempo. No le hagan caso, tr&#225;tenlo con el l&#225;tigo del desprecio. Cuando terminen el ejercicio, <strong>escriban qu&#233; les sucedi&#243; durante los &#250;ltimos cinco minutos, porque ah&#237; es donde sucede lo bueno.</strong> Yo hice el ejercicio esta semana que cerramos y de ah&#237; sali&#243; la inspiraci&#243;n para esta Toma.</p><h5>A Manera de Cierre</h5><p>Hegel termin&#243; su libro, el mensajero cruz&#243; las l&#237;neas francesas con las p&#225;ginas en la chaqueta, y Napole&#243;n, el hombre m&#225;s reconocido del planeta en ese momento, entr&#243; en Jena a caballo. Nueve a&#241;os despu&#233;s, ese mismo hombre estaba en una roca en la mitad del Atl&#225;ntico, sin ej&#233;rcito, sin corte y sin nadie que lo llamara emperador.</p><p>La historia escrita dice que Napole&#243;n muri&#243; en Santa Helena en 1821. Yo digo que esa fue apenas su muerte biol&#243;gica: <strong>la muerte simb&#243;lica ocurri&#243; en 1815</strong>, pas&#243; seis a&#241;os enterrado en vida, dictando memorias para que alguien, en alg&#250;n futuro, volviera a pronunciar su nombre. Mi profe Dar&#237;o Gil ten&#237;a raz&#243;n: <strong>el &#250;nico animal que necesita ser reconocido para existir es tambi&#233;n el &#250;nico que puede morirse antes de morirse.</strong></p><p>Aunque vale considerar que tambi&#233;n es <strong>el &#250;nico animal que puede desaparecer a prop&#243;sito y volver de entre los muertos simb&#243;licos.</strong> Eso es lo que hace un monje en Western Australia cada ma&#241;ana, es lo que hago yo cada semana con FUTOPIX y es lo que hacen ustedes cada vez que cierran esta pantalla y le hablan a alguien que podr&#237;a no contestarles. <strong>El reconocimiento que vale es el que se puede perder. La atenci&#243;n que nos mantiene vivos es la que decidimos entregar, no la que nos extraen.</strong> Por eso valoro tanto sus comentarios a cada FUTOPIX: porque me doy cuenta de que no estoy simb&#243;licamente muerto.</p><p>Los ca&#241;ones de 2050 ya se est&#225;n haciendo escuchar. Parece que vienen en forma de espejos que nunca nos negaran que somos los m&#225;s lindos del reino.</p><h3><strong>El futuro no ser&#225; de quien reciba m&#225;s atenci&#243;n, sino de quienes sepan apagar sus espejos para sentarse en silencio y volver al mundo de los &#8220;conectados&#8221; con una idea que nadie les dict&#243;.</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>&#161;Gracias por leer y compartir!</strong></h4><h4><strong>GabrielBedoya.com</strong></h4><div><hr></div><h3>RESUMEN</h3><p>A partir de este FUTOPIX les comenzar&#233; a dejar un infogr&#225;fico coleccionable con las ideas principales de los temas tratados durante esta toma.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xzq-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8728dc8-b878-42d9-b96f-72fd58064a99_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xzq-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8728dc8-b878-42d9-b96f-72fd58064a99_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xzq-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8728dc8-b878-42d9-b96f-72fd58064a99_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xzq-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8728dc8-b878-42d9-b96f-72fd58064a99_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xzq-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8728dc8-b878-42d9-b96f-72fd58064a99_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xzq-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8728dc8-b878-42d9-b96f-72fd58064a99_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xzq-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8728dc8-b878-42d9-b96f-72fd58064a99_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xzq-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8728dc8-b878-42d9-b96f-72fd58064a99_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xzq-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8728dc8-b878-42d9-b96f-72fd58064a99_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xzq-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8728dc8-b878-42d9-b96f-72fd58064a99_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h3><p>Este documento tiene fines exclusivamente <strong>informativos, educativos y de an&#225;lisis futurista</strong>. <strong>No constituye asesor&#237;a financiera, ni solicitud de inversi&#243;n, ni recomendaci&#243;n para comprar, vender o participar en ning&#250;n instrumento, empresa, proyecto o activo.</strong></p><p>Si alguien utiliza el contenido de este material para solicitar dinero, inversiones o participaci&#243;n econ&#243;mica, <strong>consid&#233;relo inmediatamente como una posible estafa</strong>.<br><br>Protege siempre tu informaci&#243;n personal y financiera.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Why We Struggle to Think Big]]></title><description><![CDATA[Take 10 | A Problem of Scale]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/why-we-struggle-to-think-big</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/why-we-struggle-to-think-big</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:50:09 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0OiS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb91d5b2e-17e7-4df5-b80f-7eceb35febda_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>After almost three decades of building companies, one of the things I still find hardest to accept is <strong>&#8220;thinking small.&#8221;</strong></p><p>I&#8217;ve been lucky in life. I ran into mentors who took me by the hand along the road that got me here. Many of them taught me more than the university ever did. These were people who could see the future without breaking a sweat. Sometimes they handed me great lessons, and sometimes a well-earned smack on the head. I owe them a great deal. As Sir Isaac Newton put it: <em>&#8220;If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.&#8221;</em> That legendary line applies to my mentors word for word.</p><p>Today I want to remember and thank two of them in particular: <strong>Augusto L&#243;pez Valencia</strong> and <strong>Nicanor Restrepo Santamar&#237;a</strong> &#8212; two towering figures of Colombian business. To both of them I want to say, <strong>THANK YOU!</strong></p><p>From Augusto L&#243;pez I learned never to leave for tomorrow what could be done today. I remember that in some of the board meetings I was privileged to be invited to, I watched tasks get assigned to him &#8212; and the astonishing part was that before the meeting was over, he&#8217;d already finished them. His execution was flawless. Augusto didn&#8217;t manage time; he simply bent it to his will. When you were with him, you just knew you had to get to the point, deliver the data, skip the backstory &#8212; if he needed the story, he&#8217;d ask for it.</p><p>Nicanor taught me to plan, but one of the things that impressed me most about him was his humility. He was like a big kid, like a boy scout &#8212; always ready! I had a few chances to spend time with him in his working world, and beyond that I was his diving buddy on countless occasions off the island of Providencia.</p><p>One morning, when he&#8217;d invited me to his office at the headquarters of Suramericana de Seguros, he said to me in a playful tone: <em>&#8220;Come on, let&#8217;s sit in the famous boardroom of the Antioquian syndicate.&#8221;</em> While we were swapping stories about our underwater adventures, the speaker on his desk crackled to life, and out of the little black box came the voice of his secretary, Anita Duarte (whom I also remember with great fondness &#8212; Anita, thank you for being so kind to me). In the middle of our conversation, Anita&#8217;s sweet voice said: <em>&#8220;Doctor, you have a call on the line&#8230;&#8221;</em> To which he replied: <em>&#8220;Tell them to wait a few minutes.&#8221;</em></p><p>We kept talking&#8230; and after a while, the speaker buzzed again. It was Anita once more. <em>&#8220;Doctor, don&#8217;t forget you have a call&#8230;&#8221;</em> He answered again: <em>&#8220;Tell them to wait&#8230;&#8221;</em> We carried on chatting like a couple of street kids sharing a soda and a loaf of bread &#8212; and I say that more about myself than about Nicanor, whose decency and presence were beyond compare.</p><p>Finally the phone rang one more time, and this time Anita said: <em>&#8220;Doctor&#8230; it&#8217;s the Minister of&#8230;&#8221;</em> And he, in a firm voice, answered: <em>&#8220;Tell the Minister I&#8217;m with a gentleman just as important as he is&#8230;&#8221;</em></p><p>I was stunned after hearing that. I told him: <em>&#8220;Don&#8217;t worry, I can wait.&#8221;</em> He apologized, picked up the phone, and dispatched the call in a couple of minutes. What Nicanor taught me that morning I didn&#8217;t understand until years later: <strong>in the attention economy, deciding who you make wait is deciding who you are.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtvD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtvD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtvD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtvD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtvD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtvD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png" width="1448" height="1086" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1086,&quot;width&quot;:1448,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtvD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtvD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtvD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtvD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9738e2-84ed-4822-9872-a9386395a3c6_1448x1086.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Sentence I Didn&#8217;t Understand</strong></h3><p>Nicanor and Augusto shaped my life for the better. I carry them deep inside me; I feel a profound affection and a gratitude to life itself for having known them. They were extraordinary teachers to me. But today, when I look back, I think that maybe the biggest thing they taught me was something they repeated every time I brought them a project:</p><p><em>&#8220;You&#8217;re not thinking big enough&#8230; come back when you&#8217;ve got something bigger.&#8221;</em></p><p>Somewhere between frustration and disbelief, I walked out of their offices many times. I couldn&#8217;t grasp what these <em>heavyweights</em> were talking about. Only later did I come to understand what they meant. Neither of them was asking me for more ambition. They were asking me to think on a different <strong>operating system.</strong></p><h4>Brazil, or the Country Where I Learned What Scale Means</h4><p>Life placed me in Brazil, a marvelous country I love and respect deeply. It was there that I learned what scale really means. Brazilians themselves say that Brazil is home to <em>&#8220;as coisas mais grandes do mundo&#8221;</em> &#8212; the biggest things in the world &#8212; and they&#8217;re not exaggerating.</p><p>In that geography I had the chance to work for one of the largest security companies on earth, and I was blindsided more than once.</p><p>I remember once heading out to meet a man in a town barely two hours from S&#227;o Paulo. My sales agents had told me this fellow ran a fleet of more than five thousand trucks. So I psyched myself up to deliver the pitch of my life &#8212; we needed that account to close the quarter. I armed myself with a solid slide deck and my sharpest outfit for the meeting.</p><p>When I got to the address, there were no offices, no marble, no receptionists, nothing at all. I arrived at a parking lot the size of a soccer stadium, and in the middle of it stood a prefab shack, out of which came a man in Hawaiian flip-flops &#8212; <em>chinelos</em>, as they call them in Brazil. Honestly, I thought he was the lot&#8217;s watchman, so I told him I&#8217;d come to meet Fausto, and with colossal humility he said:</p><p><em>&#8220;Come in and have a seat over there,&#8221;</em> pointing at a table.</p><p>A little plastic table with cheap plastic chairs. He turned around and said: <em>&#8220;Quer um cafezinho?&#8221;</em> &#8212; Want a little coffee? I nodded. And without another word, he said: <em>&#8220;How can I help you? I&#8217;m Fausto&#8230;&#8221;</em></p><p>Not even in a comic-strip gag would I have fallen flatter on my back. <strong>Plop!</strong></p><p>A few weeks later they sent me to a meeting in Bras&#237;lia. This time I&#8217;d be meeting with the legal counsel to the Minister of Finance, Dr. Wilfrido Augusto Marques. I arrived on a Friday and figured I&#8217;d use the weekend in the Brazilian capital to learn a bit more about the place. I reached the <em>Planalto</em> &#8212; a city designed on a drawing board by President Juscelino Kubitschek and architect Oscar Niemeyer a few decades ago. Honestly, it&#8217;s a city built like it&#8217;s made of Legos; the scale of it is staggering.</p><p>That weekend, Dr. Wilfrido invited me to spend the day at his farm. Like any hillbilly, I didn&#8217;t picture anything extraordinary &#8212; we <em>paisas</em> from the Colombian mountains are used to farms, I told myself. But as we drove out there, the proportions started to sink in. The man&#8217;s little <em>farm</em> held <strong>90,000 head of cattle</strong>, plus kilometers upon kilometers of corn and soy. He had his own airport, warehouse after warehouse, robotic roaming irrigation systems, and an animal-genetics lab that no university in Brazil could match. To top it off, Dr. Wilfrido boasted that the president of China had come to visit him to study his cattle operation.</p><p>Now, past all the color of these stories &#8212; what did Augusto, Nicanor, Fausto, and Wilfrido have in common?</p><p><strong>Every one of them, always, told me the same thing: think big.</strong></p><p>But here&#8217;s what matters: none of them <strong>looked</strong> big. That was the first crack in the way I understood the world.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSor!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSor!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSor!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSor!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSor!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSor!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSor!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSor!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSor!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSor!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa66356ce-ff39-449c-9139-7e091784ec93_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Thinking Big Is Not an Intellectual Problem</strong></h3><p>What I only came to understand many years later is that thinking big <strong>is not an intellectual problem.</strong></p><p>Most people believe the limit lies in intelligence, in education, or even in talent. But no &#8212; the real limit is in the <strong>emotional and cultural capacity to hold an idea that doesn&#8217;t yet exist.</strong></p><p>Thinking big produces fear and vertigo, and neither of those emotions is rational; they&#8217;re biological responses. We humans evolved over tens of thousands of years in small tribes, where standing out too much could be dangerous. In anthropological terms, <strong>belonging mattered more than standing out.</strong> The group guaranteed food, protection, and survival. Whoever strayed too far from the average could be cast out &#8212; and on the savanna, expulsion was a death sentence.</p><p>Even though today we live surrounded by satellites, artificial intelligence, and global financial markets, the deep brain still runs on many of those same primitive rules. We&#8217;re carrying 200,000-year-old hardware trying to run software from the year 2026.</p><p>That&#8217;s why, when someone says they want to build something enormous, the natural reaction from those around them is almost never support. What usually shows up is suspicion:</p><p><em>&#8220;You&#8217;re crazy,&#8221;</em> <em>&#8220;that&#8217;s impossible,&#8221;</em> <em>&#8220;be realistic,&#8221;</em> <em>&#8220;start small,&#8221; &#8220;you&#8217;re such a dreamer.&#8221;</em></p><p>Society rewards prudence because prudence lowers collective risk. But here&#8217;s the interesting part: nearly every great transformation in history was initially considered absurd.</p><p><strong>Thinking big means breaking the psychological pact of the average,</strong> and that makes people deeply uncomfortable, because it is, technically, an act of <strong>tribal disobedience.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uBVS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uBVS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uBVS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uBVS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uBVS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uBVS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png" width="1402" height="1122" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1122,&quot;width&quot;:1402,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uBVS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uBVS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uBVS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uBVS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F303eb137-d023-45cf-98f7-5885dd14daa3_1402x1122.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Invisible Cage</strong></h3><p>As I matured, I came to understand that Augusto and Nicanor weren&#8217;t simply talking to me about business. They were talking about <strong>mental scales.</strong> They were trying to pull me out of an invisible cage &#8212; a cage built by years of industrial-era schooling, economic fear, and a culture of survival.</p><p>The Latin American education system &#8212; and honestly, much of the Western one too &#8212; was designed during the Industrial Revolution to train <strong>administrators of existing structures,</strong> not creators of new realities. We were trained to answer questions, not to think conceptually. We were taught to work by minimizing risk and error, not by expanding the range of the unimaginable. We were taught to study in order to land a good job, rather than to build large-scale systems. School shaped us to solve the problems of the past, and that had enormous consequences for our mental models. Most people don&#8217;t fail because they think too big; many <strong>fail because they never gave themselves permission to try.</strong></p><h4>What Brazil Taught Me About Power</h4><p>I remember perfectly something that hit me hard while living in Brazil. In Colombia &#8212; and I say this with respect and affection &#8212; we often confuse <strong>sophistication with capability.</strong> We&#8217;re impressed by big offices, elegant buildings, fine ties, and ornate speeches. But Brazil taught me something completely different: <strong>real scale often operates in silence.</strong></p><p>Fausto had five thousand trucks and ran them from a cheap plastic chair, wearing flip-flops. Wilfrido managed an agro-industrial operation the size of a small country and talked about animal genetics with total ease while you were still trying to wrap your head around the size of his farm. That&#8217;s where I understood something fundamental: <strong>people who think big usually stop needing to look big.</strong></p><p>That completely changes how you understand power. Because real economic power rarely makes noise. It&#8217;s too busy executing.</p><p>I think there&#8217;s another reason people struggle to think big: we grew up surrounded by <strong>false representations of success.</strong> We were sold the entrepreneur as a spectacle &#8212; Instagram with rented jets, podcasts full of canned one-liners, photos with borrowed cars &#8212; when the truth is that the great builders often operate from discipline, repetition, and a brutal ability to see scale where others barely see chores.</p><p>Whoever has to <em>look</em> rich isn&#8217;t rich yet. Whoever has to <em>look</em> powerful isn&#8217;t powerful yet. <strong>What&#8217;s truly scarce is what doesn&#8217;t yet need to be announced.</strong></p><h4><strong>The Emotional Cost of the Long Horizon</strong></h4><p>Thinking big requires tolerating long horizons, and long horizons collide head-on with modern culture&#8217;s addiction to instant gratification.</p><p>Today we live in a <strong>dopamine economy.</strong> Everything is designed to produce immediate reward: social media, real-time metrics, <em>likes</em>, fast consumption, short attention cycles. But building something truly big is profoundly anti-dopaminergic. It demands years of invisibility, it demands planting without applause, it demands holding on to a vision when no one else understands it yet. Sometimes, when you don&#8217;t fully understand it yourself anymore.</p><p>That&#8217;s probably one of the most painful reasons so many people abandon their ideas too soon: <strong>they can&#8217;t stand the psychological void between the vision and the validation.</strong> Because thinking big carries an enormous emotional cost. You start to feel strange. You start to feel out of sync with those around you &#8212; sometimes even with your own family. The conversations change, the worries change. While some are worried about surviving the month, others are trying to figure out how to build something that will transform an entire industry within ten years.</p><p>It&#8217;s not about arrogance. What happens with people who think big is that they live on <strong>different timescales.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!niR-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f25680-c6e3-4062-901d-83ca278c0ebb_1402x1122.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!niR-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f25680-c6e3-4062-901d-83ca278c0ebb_1402x1122.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!niR-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f25680-c6e3-4062-901d-83ca278c0ebb_1402x1122.png 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e2f25680-c6e3-4062-901d-83ca278c0ebb_1402x1122.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1122,&quot;width&quot;:1402,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!niR-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f25680-c6e3-4062-901d-83ca278c0ebb_1402x1122.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!niR-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f25680-c6e3-4062-901d-83ca278c0ebb_1402x1122.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!niR-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f25680-c6e3-4062-901d-83ca278c0ebb_1402x1122.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!niR-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2f25680-c6e3-4062-901d-83ca278c0ebb_1402x1122.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Relationship with Time</strong></h3><p>Over the years I discovered something else fascinating: people who think big develop <strong>a different relationship with time.</strong> Most people use time to survive, while great entrepreneurs use time to multiply systems. That difference sounds subtle, but it reshapes entire economies &#8212; think of Elon; everything he builds is at mega-scale.</p><p>When you watch the great entrepreneurs, scientists, architects, or strategists of the world, you find a recurring pattern: they can all endure <strong>very long stretches of uncertainty without abandoning the vision.</strong> They don&#8217;t do it <em>per se</em>, or out of motivation. They do it because of their <strong>psychological structure</strong> &#8212; they have a different way of relating to the future.</p><p>There&#8217;s an old Japanese principle in <em>The Book of Five Rings</em> by Musashi, the samurai who wrote the definitive manual on strategy &#8212; a man I quote often. He says something like this: &#8220;the strategist&#8217;s gaze is twofold.&#8221; There&#8217;s <strong>sight,</strong> which is what&#8217;s right in front of you, and there&#8217;s <strong>perception,</strong> which is what&#8217;s happening beyond. Then he adds a line that&#8217;s haunted me for years: you must see the distant as near, and the near as distant. That is exactly what Augusto and Nicanor were trying to teach me without my knowing it. The urgent problems of the quarter, <em>far away, way off in the distance.</em> The twenty-year vision, <em>here, right here, in my hands, tangible.</em> Most people live it backwards.</p><p>Today I understand Augusto and Nicanor better. They weren&#8217;t trying to tear down my ideas; they were trying to <strong>expand my frame of reference.</strong> When someone tells you <em>&#8220;you&#8217;re not thinking big enough,&#8221;</em> what they&#8217;re really telling you is something far deeper:</p><p><em>&#8220;You&#8217;re still measuring your life by the size of your fears, not by the size of the possibilities.&#8221;</em></p><p>I&#8217;ve discovered that thinking big doesn&#8217;t necessarily mean building gigantic companies or becoming a billionaire. Thinking big can also mean <strong>building a life outside the mental average imposed by your surroundings.</strong> It can mean daring to imagine different futures. It can mean breaking inherited narratives. It can mean giving your imagination permission to operate without apologizing for it.</p><p>Because in the end, civilizations advance thanks to people who were capable of <strong>holding on to ideas that at first seemed ridiculous.</strong></p><p>There was a time when crossing oceans was ridiculous, when flying was ridiculous, when reaching the Moon was ridiculous, when the internet was ridiculous, when building a rocket-launch base in Urab&#225; &#8212; a remote corner of Colombia &#8212; was ridiculous. Many of the things that will transform the coming decades probably look ridiculous today too.</p><p>Maybe that&#8217;s why thinking big costs us so much. Because it forces us to see the present as something <strong>transitory,</strong> and not as a permanent structure. It forces us to accept that the world can reconfigure itself far faster than our emotional culture is prepared to process.</p><h5>The final trap, the one it took me decades to see</h5><p>The leap in scale &#8212; the real one &#8212; <strong>is not something the world grants you.</strong> It&#8217;s not a permission a boss signs off on, nor a blessing handed out by a university, nor a validation that arrives by certified mail.</p><p>It&#8217;s a permission you sign for yourself, in silence and usually with no witnesses.</p><p>Augusto, Nicanor, Fausto, and Wilfrido had different scales, different geographies, different languages. But they shared one single thing: <strong>they had given themselves permission first.</strong> Before the market, before society, before their families, before even the evidence made them notable.</p><p>That, I think, is the most important lesson all those encounters left me:</p><p><strong>The size of our life ends up determined by the size of the questions we dare to ask ourselves.</strong></p><p>It isn&#8217;t determined by our starting circumstances, by our family name, or even by the capital in our pocket. It&#8217;s determined by the <strong>scale of imagination we&#8217;re able to sustain</strong> when everything around us is begging us to think smaller.</p><p>Nicanor is gone now, but his voice still plays inside me like a speaker that never switches off &#8212; like that intercom of Anita Duarte&#8217;s interrupting the conversation, reminding me, every time I catch myself thinking small, of a single sentence:</p><p><em>&#8220;Come back when you&#8217;ve got something bigger.&#8221;</em></p><p>Ever since, I&#8217;ve learned something simple: next time, I always <strong>come back with something bigger.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZim!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZim!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZim!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZim!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZim!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZim!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png" width="1402" height="1122" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1122,&quot;width&quot;:1402,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZim!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZim!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZim!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZim!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50d59938-33a7-46f0-9322-5f41e9d5668c_1402x1122.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Inheritance That Matters</strong></h3><p>Today, after almost thirty years in this career, I understand something I couldn&#8217;t see before: I&#8217;m on the other side of the bridge. My mentors gave me scales; my obligation &#8212; not commercial, not professional, but <strong>anthropological</strong> &#8212; is to pass them on to those coming up behind me.</p><p>Because the inheritances that truly transform civilizations aren&#8217;t financial &#8212; they&#8217;re <strong>cultural, like a myth recited across generations through oral transmission.</strong> A father can leave his child a company, and the child can run it into the ground within a decade if he didn&#8217;t also inherit the operating system that built it. A teacher, on the other hand, may leave his disciple not a single peso, and still hand him the most expensive thing in the world: <strong>an expanded frame of reference.</strong></p><p>That&#8217;s what Augusto and Nicanor did with me; that&#8217;s what Fausto and Wilfrido did without knowing it &#8212; each from his plastic chair and his country-sized farm.</p><p>That&#8217;s what I try to do today with every conversation, every text, every company I help build, every young entrepreneur who writes asking for advice. Not to give them money, not to give them contacts, but to give them something far more valuable: <strong>A suspicion, a crack, and a useful discomfort.</strong></p><p>The suspicion, so they&#8217;ll understand their life could run on a different scale. The crack, so the light of a future that isn&#8217;t here yet can get in &#8212; the weak signals. And the discomfort of knowing that what they&#8217;re doing today probably isn&#8217;t worthy of what they could be doing.</p><p>If there&#8217;s one thing I&#8217;ve learned in these years, it&#8217;s that companies don&#8217;t transform because of isolated geniuses &#8212; in fact, I&#8217;ve made it a rule never to work with divas. Businesses transform when we create <strong>chains of mental transfer.</strong> Through generations of entrepreneurs who dared to hand the next one a scale bigger than the one they received.</p><p>Augusto and Nicanor received scales, expanded them, and passed them on to those of us who, by some divine luck, got to spend time with them. I&#8217;m expanding them right now, in this very text, before your eyes, and I&#8217;m passing them on to you &#8212; so you&#8217;ll do the same.</p><p>Ask yourself whether you&#8217;re thinking big enough, and <strong>who are you going to pass the scale you received on to?</strong> Who are you going to say, with the same firmness with which it was said to me: <em>&#8220;Come back when you&#8217;ve got something bigger&#8221;</em>?</p><p>Which restless young person are you going to give the loving smack on the head they need to break out of the mental cage they don&#8217;t yet know they&#8217;re locked inside? Which child, which nephew, which employee, which partner are you going to plant the suspicion in &#8212; that the average is too small for them?</p><p>Because <strong>thinking big is not an individual act; it&#8217;s an act of generational rebellion.</strong> It&#8217;s the discipline of dying knowing you left at least five people thinking on a scale different from the one they had before they met you.</p><p>Today, thirty years on, I don&#8217;t just come back with something bigger &#8212; <strong>I come back to hand it to someone else.</strong> That&#8217;s the chain, and it&#8217;s the only real way the country will change. It&#8217;s through teachers who dare to tell their disciples they&#8217;re thinking small, and disciples with the courage to listen, go home uncomfortable, and come back years later with something bigger. That&#8217;s the DNA of FUTOPIX.</p><h4>What will endure is the mental scale you leave traveling in the heads of others, long after your name has been carved into a headstone.</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>Thank you for reading and sharing!</strong></h2><h2><strong>GabrielBedoya.com</strong></h2><h2><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h2><p>This document is for <strong>informational, educational, and futurist-analysis purposes only.</strong> <strong>It does not constitute financial advice, an investment solicitation, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or participate in any instrument, company, project, or asset.</strong></p><p>If anyone uses the content of this material to solicit money, investments, or financial participation, <strong>treat it immediately as a possible scam.</strong></p><p>Always protect your personal and financial information.</p><h3><strong>&#128302; Keep exploring FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/gaia-2100-del-homo-sapiens-al-homo">GAIA 2100, From Homo Sapiens to Homo Humanoides</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-4">Designing the Future from the Future</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-5-cosechando-el-futuro">Harvesting the Future&#8230;</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Last World Cup]]></title><description><![CDATA[Take 9 | The War for the Supremacy of Collectibles]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/the-last-world-cup</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/the-last-world-cup</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:49:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OOPK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdce87522-a660-4724-a98a-c657bdf5b103_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The World&#8217;s Business</strong></h3><p><strong>I was still in short pants when I put together my first PANINI World Cup album.</strong> I remember it like it was today: counting the minutes until my mom needed something from the corner store and sent me off to buy it, then asking if I could keep the change (where I&#8217;m from we call it <em>la devuelta</em>). Between every kilo of <em>panela</em> &#8212; those blocks of raw cane sugar &#8212; and every bottle of milk, I&#8217;d slowly fill in the little stickers of the album (in some places they call them <em>monas</em>, <em>barajitas</em>, <em>cromos</em>, <em>stickers</em>, and so on; for those of us born in Medell&#237;n, they were the <em>&#8220;caramelos,&#8221;</em> the candies). Now that I think about it, the leftover change never actually got me to a complete album &#8212; the things were expensive from day one. That only happened years later, when my buying power changed.</p><p><strong>You can&#8217;t talk about the PANINI World Cup album without going straight to sensory and olfactory memory:</strong> the smell of ink, the glue smeared all over your clothes, because back then there were no self-adhesives. You stuck them down with ordinary paste, that gummy, tacky stuff we used for arts-and-crafts homework at school. The kids from a better neighborhood could afford <em>Colb&#243;n</em>, a PVA glue I lost track of and honestly don&#8217;t know if it still exists.</p><p><strong>The World Cup album was always awaited with a kind of fever,</strong> the source of celebrations and of a whole underground neighborhood economy: the swap meets and the recital in front of the &#8220;dealers&#8221; going, <em>&#8220;got it, got it, got it&#8230;&#8221;</em> &#8212; always with a third eye open, because there was never a shortage of the <em>bully</em> who&#8217;d show up, slap the stack out of your hands, the famous <em>tumbis</em>, the snatch-and-run, and then, well, cry about it!</p><p>Maybe my whole crybaby-entrepreneur streak started right there? Who knows&#8230;</p><p><strong>The World Cup album was more than a hobby, it was a full-blown passion, a ritual, almost a liturgy.</strong> Whoever completed the album felt like a world champion too &#8212; he was the Maradona of the block. I remember the corner stores, the parks, the school gates all filling up with <em>&#8220;ranfa&#241;eros&#8221;</em> (an exotic word for the guys who resold the figures), who&#8217;d work out of big boxes and make a killing, selling the scarce stickers at <em>bitcoin</em> prices.</p><p><strong>Years have gone by and the World Cup album fever came back to me,</strong> making me relive the vertigo and the anxiety of chasing down the figures. I&#8217;ve had some contact with soccer schools here in the U.S., where I live, and I can tell you the World Cup fever is more alive than ever, that the album tradition has carried on from generation to generation. Just as my dad passed it to me, I see parents and kids alike making pilgrimages so they don&#8217;t get stuck without the figures of their idols. Before you assume this is an old-timers&#8217; thing, know this: <strong>the frenzy of the PANINI collection is more alive than ever.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zvUq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zvUq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zvUq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zvUq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zvUq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zvUq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zvUq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zvUq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zvUq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zvUq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc13c0212-dd02-4b33-b8ab-e61d61eaee8a_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Billion-Dollar Industry Behind the Stickers</strong></h3><p><strong>But what deals get cooked up inside the Pandora&#8217;s box that is the business of collectible figures, stickers, and cards?</strong> Let&#8217;s open that box and see how, behind a seemingly innocent business, there hides an industry with more teeth than a dogfight.</p><p><em>PANINI</em> was born in 1961 in Modena, Italy, thanks to the initiative of the four Panini brothers, who started selling collectible images of Italian soccer players out of a family newsstand where they distributed newspapers. What began as a local stationery operation turned, over time, into a multinational. In 1970 the <em>PANINI</em> brothers signed a contract that would change their destiny forever. And they signed it with none other than <em>FIFA</em>, who granted them the rights to publish the first official sticker album for the 1970 Mexico World Cup.</p><p>Today, <em>Panini S.p.A.</em> is an Italian joint-stock company, headquartered in Modena, owned by <em>Panini Management</em> and <em>Fineldo</em> (the family holding of the Merloni dynasty, tied to <em>Indesit</em>). For 2024, <em>PANINI</em> reported profits of &#8364;1.9 billion, more than 1,000 employees, and operations organized into four divisions: <em>Collectibles</em>, <em>Publishing/Comics</em>, <em>Panini Digital</em>, and <em>The Licensing Machine</em>.</p><h4><strong>Four Ways to Print Money</strong></h4><h5><strong>1. The main engine (</strong><em><strong>stickers</strong></em><strong> + </strong><em><strong>trading cards</strong></em><strong>)</strong></h5><p>This is the economic heart of <em>PANINI</em>, and it runs on the following logic:</p><p><strong>Soccer album stickers:</strong> an extremely high-volume, low-unit-cost product with excellent margins. Distributed in newsstands, supermarkets, and convenience stores across more than 150 territories. Its economics rest on &#8220;compulsive impulse&#8221;: in the U.S. a pack costs two dollars, holds 7 stickers, and completing the album takes, on average, buying 1,400 images. During World Cup peaks, the Modena factory alone produces between 8 and 10 million packs a day.</p><p><strong>Licensed trading cards:</strong> this is <em>PANINI&#8217;s</em> premium product, with a higher unit value and margins that vary by segment (<em>retail</em> vs. <em>hobby premium</em>). In the U.S., <em>Panini America</em> (based in Texas) produces the <em>Prizm</em>, <em>Optic</em>, <em>Select</em>, <em>Mosaic</em>, <em>National Treasures</em>, <em>Immaculate</em>, and <em>Flawless</em> brands for the <em>NBA</em> and the <em>NFL</em>.</p><h5><strong>2. Comics and the quiet diversification</strong></h5><p>This is the least-discussed division, but strategically important. <em>PANINI</em> produces roughly 8,000 titles a year across comics, manga, graphic novels, and children&#8217;s books, aimed mainly at European and Latin American markets. In Italy, <em>PANINI</em> is the official publisher of <em>Marvel</em> comics and of <em>Mickey Mouse</em> (<em>Disney</em>). This gives it recurring income that doesn&#8217;t depend on the sports-events cycle, smoothing out the volatility baked into a business built around a World Cup every four years.</p><h5><strong>3. Panini Digital, the hybrid bet</strong></h5><p>This is the new battlefield <em>PANINI</em> has moved into, with apps like <em>Panini Sticker Album</em> (where users can keep a digital album running parallel to the physical one), digital trading games, and stats-capture software. Through <em>Panini Digital</em>, the company uses voice-activated software to capture soccer statistics, which it then sells to agents, teams, media outlets, and video-game makers. The app built for the Russia World Cup reached more than 1.5 million users.</p><h5><strong>4. The Licensing Machine, the intellectual property</strong></h5><p><em>Panini LM</em> buys and resells licenses for characters and intellectual property. It acts as an agent for individuals and newspapers seeking rights to comics and celebrities. It&#8217;s a very-high-margin business, but low-volume.</p><h5><strong>Manufactured Scarcity</strong></h5><p>The CEO of <em>Panini America</em>, Mark Warsop, puts it this way: &#8220;manufacturing scarcity means striking a delicate balancing act between producing limited numbers of high-value cards while keeping the perceived value in every pack, so that the mom buying stickers at Walmart and the collector spending $500 at a hobby store both feel they&#8217;re getting the best for what they paid.&#8221;</p><p>That duality is the key to the whole business. A $2 pack sold to a kid at a corner store in Hialeah and a $1,500 <em>Hobby Box</em> sold to an adult collector in Dallas share the same production machine, the same licensing network, and the same design team. The model arbitrages between two completely different psychologies: the child&#8217;s game of trading and the adult&#8217;s investment in scarcity, using the same infrastructure for both.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlNs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlNs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlNs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlNs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlNs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlNs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlNs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlNs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlNs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlNs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff01da4c7-c019-4a34-86e3-448ddc92e703_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The World Cup Factor</strong></h3><p>The World Cup album is <em>PANINI&#8217;s</em> most iconic product, and it runs on a logic of once-every-four-years peaks:</p><p>The last World Cup, in 2022, generated more than &#8364;2 billion in profits.</p><p><em>PANINI</em> locked in an exclusive deal with <em>FIFA</em> that extends their historic partnership through 2030, giving them exclusive sticker and card rights for the 2026 World Cup, the 2027 Women&#8217;s World Cup, and the 2030 World Cup.</p><p><em>PANINI</em> officially launched the 2026 World Cup album on April 28, 2026, in a ceremony at <em>Wembley Stadium</em>, presenting the largest collection in the Italian company&#8217;s history: 980 stickers covering 48 national teams across 112 pages.</p><h5><strong>The Operational MOAT</strong></h5><p><em>PANINI</em> owns a physical distribution network across 150+ territories worldwide. Through it, the company can put its products directly into customers&#8217; hands. That matters enormously in markets where <em>Amazon</em> and the big retailers aren&#8217;t the main channel &#8212; above all in Latin America, Southeast Asia, parts of Africa, and Eastern Europe. The company produces out of Modena for nearly the whole world, except in the U.S. and Latin America, where it has two factories: one in Texas and the other in Brazil.</p><h4><strong>The Disruptors</strong></h4><p>Jean-Marie Dru, founder of <em>TBWA</em>, used to say that the problem with the modern economy is that, somewhere in the world, in some garage, there&#8217;s a nerd with a computer trying to disrupt your business model &#8212; and that applies to <em>PANINI</em> to the letter.</p><p>Last week, those of us who belong to the <em>PANINI</em> religion went cold when we heard the president of <em>FIFA</em>, Gianni Infantino, say at a conference that starting in 2030 <em>PANINI</em> will no longer make the World Cup album, and that from that year on, our album as we know it will disappear and be handed to the multinational <em>FANATICS</em>. If the news landed on us collectors of nostalgia like a bucket of ice water, imagine how things must be inside <em>PANINI</em>.</p><p><strong>This news isn&#8217;t new,</strong> even though it was only just announced at Infantino&#8217;s conference. The idea that <em>PANINI</em> was on the ropes had already been simmering deep inside <em>FIFA</em>. On top of that, there&#8217;s a years-long legal war between <em>PANINI</em> and <em>Fanatics</em>. Seen this way, the intrigue is running on three fronts at once: <strong>the loss of </strong><em><strong>PANINI&#8217;s</strong></em><strong> American licenses, the legal litigation, and the possible sale of the company.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5KMd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5KMd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5KMd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5KMd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5KMd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5KMd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5KMd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5KMd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5KMd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5KMd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60422e8e-620b-4ae3-9433-00a28b911b66_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Lost Licenses</strong></h3><p><em>PANINI</em> built its dominance of the North American market in 2009 with a brilliant move. Taking advantage of the fact that the <em>NBA</em> had canceled its contracts with <em>Topps</em> and <em>Upper Deck</em> &#8212; and even though both companies had expressed interest in continuing to print basketball cards &#8212; <em>PANINI</em> saw that both rivals were undercapitalized, seized the opening, and came to the negotiating table with cash in hand, which ultimately left those two competitors out of the game. In under three years, <em>PANINI</em> became the second-largest producer of sports cards in the world.</p><p>There&#8217;s a brutal strategic lesson here: <strong>more often than not, the big opportunities show up when the giants are going through liquidity problems.</strong> <em>PANINI</em> didn&#8217;t win on vision alone; it won because it arrived at the right moment with the capacity to execute and capital on hand. In fiercely competitive industries, timing can matter more than the product itself.</p><p>In January 2022, <em>Fanatics</em> bought <em>Topps</em> and proceeded to offer the leagues a far bolder move to get <em>PANINI</em> out of the way. This time it didn&#8217;t just put more money on the table &#8212; it also offered them <em>equity</em> in the business, leaving <em>PANINI</em> practically shut out of the United States market. In short, it paid <em>PANINI</em> back in the same coin <em>PANINI</em> had used in 2009.</p><p>The fascinating thing about this play is that <strong>the battle stopped being a simple licensing negotiation and became a war of vertical integration.</strong> <em>Fanatics</em> understood that making products wasn&#8217;t enough; you had to control the entire ecosystem: licenses, athletes, distribution, digital platforms, <em>breakers</em>, events, and user experience &#8212; and that changed the board completely.</p><h5><strong>This is the timeline of </strong><em><strong>Panini&#8217;s</strong></em><strong> fall:</strong></h5><p><strong>August 2021:</strong> <em>Fanatics</em> announces exclusive deals with <em>MLB/MLBPA</em> (starting in 2026), <em>NBA/NBPA</em>, and <em>NFLPA</em> for the future.</p><p><strong>October 2025:</strong> <em>Fanatics/Topps</em> officially takes control of the <em>NBA</em> licenses.</p><p><strong>April 2026:</strong> <em>Topps</em>, owned by <em>Fanatics</em>, becomes the exclusive licensee for <em>NFL</em> cards.</p><p>After April 2026, <em>Fanatics</em> will hold exclusive licenses for the <em>NBA</em>, <em>NFL</em>, <em>MLB</em>, <em>Premier League</em>, <em>F1</em>, and <em>WWE</em>.</p><p>For <em>Panini America</em>, this means its <em>NBA</em> and <em>NFL</em> product lines &#8212; which carried much of its growth for 15 years &#8212; will now vanish.</p><p>And this is where the real problem surfaces: <strong>when a company leans too hard on outside licenses, it never really controls its own destiny.</strong> You can have the best design, the best manufacturing, and the best distribution, but if another player shows up with more capital and better financial incentives, the whole castle can start crumbling in a matter of months. This is a lesson I&#8217;ve lived in my own skin, which is why, whenever I&#8217;m about to invest in any new business, I always ask myself: on which side is the handle of the pan?</p><h4><strong>The Legal War</strong></h4><p><em>PANINI</em> hasn&#8217;t rolled over quietly. In August 2023, <em>PANINI</em> filed a lawsuit against <em>Fanatics</em>. The core of the legal argument is that <em>Fanatics</em> conspired with the leagues to create an openly illegal monopoly.</p><p>The judge on the case stated in her report that &#8220;there was a conspiracy among the <em>NFLPA</em>, the <em>MLBPA</em>, and <em>Fanatics</em> to license the intellectual property of both players&#8217; associations exclusively.&#8221;</p><p>She likewise held that <em>PANINI</em> had &#8220;adequately alleged the facts&#8221; supporting its claim that <em>Fanatics</em> enjoys &#8220;monopoly power&#8221; because it can set prices and shut out competitors as it pleases.</p><p>This judge&#8217;s ruling will let <em>PANINI</em> pursue <em>antitrust</em> liability, including a possible injunction &#8220;against implementation of the long-term exclusive agreements&#8221; to produce and market trading cards. But in no scenario will it get the licenses back.</p><p>The fight for control of the sticker market seems to run much deeper than we imagined. It looks more like a geopolitical battle than a market dispute.</p><p>It&#8217;s said that <em>Fanatics</em> allegedly bought the print shop <em>PANINI</em> used to make its products and, with it, slowed <em>PANINI&#8217;s</em> production down.</p><p><em>PANINI</em> accuses <em>Fanatics</em> of threatening to blacklist its employees so they could never work in the industry again, unless they quit immediately and joined <em>Fanatics</em>.</p><p>The legal battle also details how <em>Fanatics</em> allegedly leveraged its monopoly power to coerce distributors, retailers, and local card shops into accepting higher prices and restrictive terms, while raiding <em>PANINI&#8217;s</em> staff and pressuring star athletes to sign exclusive autograph deals.</p><p><em>Fanatics</em> also filed a countersuit alleging that <em>PANINI</em> used abusive employment practices to keep its ex-employees from joining <em>Fanatics</em>. The company denied the claims and fired back, accusing its competitor of launching a &#8220;prolonged, unlawful, and deceptive campaign of unfair business practices, pressure tactics, and unfair competition,&#8221; in an attempt to force <em>Fanatics</em> to pay a giant sum so that <em>PANINI</em> would terminate its licenses early in 2022.</p><p>From here on, this FUTOPIX stops being about stickers. Because what we&#8217;re really watching is a modern war for control of cultural ecosystems. Licenses, platforms, manufacturing, talent, athletes, distribution channels, and intellectual property are all being absorbed into a logic of brutal consolidation where the winner isn&#8217;t trying to compete: it&#8217;s trying to centralize power and seize total control of an industry with practically no competitors left.</p><p>Even though <em>PANINI</em> could win a great deal of money in damages, the pursuit of a remedy &#8212; when monetary damages aren&#8217;t enough &#8212; likely won&#8217;t be granted, according to lawyers who specialize in this kind of business.</p><p>In other words: <strong>Panini will probably get a check, but again, it won&#8217;t get the licenses back.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K5Sv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K5Sv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K5Sv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K5Sv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K5Sv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K5Sv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K5Sv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K5Sv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K5Sv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K5Sv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98f45e06-534c-49fa-a66b-f024d9ba70c0_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>What&#8217;s Next for PANINI</strong></h3><p>This is the most recent twist, and maybe the most decisive. <em>PANINI</em> is exploring strategic options, including a possible sale. <em>Citi Bank</em> has been picked as financial advisor to <em>Panini Group</em> to evaluate the process. <em>PANINI&#8217;s</em> strategic review follows close on the heels of the death of CEO Aldo Hugo Sallustro in April 2024, who led <em>PANINI</em> for more than 30 years while overseeing the company&#8217;s expansion into the United States.</p><p>Speculation points to global investors like <em>Advent</em>, <em>Charterhouse</em>, and <em>CVC</em> as potential buyers. And here&#8217;s where the truly important subtext appears.</p><p>The death of the longtime CEO automatically set off the succession conversation. Sallustro had sustained the company&#8217;s Italo-Argentine culture for three decades. His death leaves a vacuum of strategic vision at the worst possible moment: loss of American licenses, competitive pressure, and structural transformation of the industry.</p><p>The most natural buyer would be <em>Fanatics</em>, which would fully consolidate the sports-collectibles sector under a single roof: <em>Topps + Panini</em>. That would mark the formal close of the historic duopoly that dominated the industry for decades.</p><p>But the timing doesn&#8217;t look accidental. The 2026 World Cup will probably be an extraordinary year for <em>PANINI</em>. The company could once again top &#8364;2 billion, driven by the event alone. That maximizes the asset&#8217;s valuation, brutally, ahead of any possible acquisition. The sale rumors landing right before the World Cup aren&#8217;t a coincidence &#8212; they&#8217;re the peak of the company&#8217;s narrative and financial value. Meanwhile the fight for control of the market and the talent in this industry will grind on.</p><p><em>Fanatics</em> has hired several <em>PANINI</em> staffers, and <em>PANINI</em> has tried to block the exodus. This matters far more than it seems, because the manufacturing, design, and card <em>secondary market</em> know-how isn&#8217;t trivial. <em>PANINI</em> built two decades of expertise in the U.S.: designers, <em>parallels</em> specialists, <em>autograph procurement</em> experts, and athlete relationships.</p><p>If <em>Fanatics</em> manages to extract that talent, it doesn&#8217;t just win the licenses &#8212; it also wins the operational capacity to execute them. Without that talent, the licenses would be just paper, and there lies one of the great secrets of the creative industries: <strong>companies don&#8217;t compete only for customers or contracts; they compete for accumulated knowledge.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Pf_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Pf_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Pf_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Pf_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Pf_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Pf_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png" width="1254" height="1254" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1254,&quot;width&quot;:1254,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Pf_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Pf_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Pf_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Pf_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21a81aa5-ef57-4c36-bf39-39aef3afaa92_1254x1254.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Last Sticker</strong></h3><p>Maybe this story was never really about the figures. It was never only about printed stickers, foil packs, or soccer. Deep down, it was always talking about us. About the kids who ran to the newsstand with sweaty coins in their pockets, about the endless afternoons swapping stickers on the sidewalks, about the anxiety of tearing open a pack hoping the hard one would finally show up, and about that small collective ritual that managed to connect entire generations long before social media existed. <strong>Because while today&#8217;s tech world talks obsessively about </strong><em><strong>engagement</strong></em><strong>, communities, and immersive experiences, </strong><em><strong>PANINI</strong></em><strong> had been doing exactly that for decades out of an Italian stationery shop.</strong> Maybe that&#8217;s one of the most beautiful ironies in this whole story: one of the most successful social platforms on the planet never needed the internet to exist. <strong>It ran in parks, schools, corner stores, recess yards, and dining tables &#8212; it ran wherever we humans interacted.</strong></p><p>That&#8217;s why <em>PANINI&#8217;s</em> real asset was never the licenses, nor the printing machines, nor even the premium trading cards worth hundreds or thousands of dollars. The real asset was something much harder to build and, above all, much harder to buy: <strong>the collective emotional memory of several generations.</strong> That explains why the <em>Fanatics</em>-<em>PANINI</em> story leaves so many collectors with a strange feeling. Because although, financially, the market logic looks obvious, culturally it feels as if someone were trying to buy a piece of childhood. But childhoods don&#8217;t work like licenses. Licenses get signed, renegotiated, sold, and lost. <strong>Cultural rituals survive far longer; nobody can acquire, through a bank transfer, what took decades to build inside the emotional memory of millions of people.</strong></p><p><em>Fanatics</em> can end up with contracts, athletes, platforms, and entire markets, but there&#8217;s something it probably will never fully be able to buy: the feeling of walking into a corner store and finding, for the first time, the World Cup album sitting on the counter. That moment belongs to another place, another speed, another kind of economy. An economy where there was still room for wonder, where time seemed slower, and where a kid could spend whole weeks thinking about a single hard-to-get sticker. <strong>Because back then the figures weren&#8217;t competing against thousands of simultaneous stimuli; they were the very center of the conversation. The album traveled tucked under your arm like a badge of identity, and every completed page felt like a small personal victory. Completing a World Cup was also a way of growing up.</strong></p><p>Maybe that&#8217;s why this possible ending feels so symbolic. Because deep down, the story of <em>PANINI</em> is also the story of a much larger generational transition: the shift from a capitalism built on physical rituals and collective memory toward one dominated by platforms, consolidation, and algorithmic control of consumption. <strong>Before, we collected in order to trade; today many collect in order to speculate.</strong> Before, the figures passed through the hands of children; today some end up encased in vaults as financial assets. <strong>Before, the album was an excuse to get together; today it often ends up turned into content for social media.</strong> And yet, against all logic, I&#8217;ve witnessed that the ritual is still alive. Kids still open packs, parents still help stick down the stickers, schools still fill up with improvised swap sessions, and millions of people still feel that little hit of dopamine when a hard-to-get figure finally appears.</p><p>That should tell us something enormous about human nature. Because in an ever more digital, automated, and synthetic world, we still need physical objects that connect us emotionally with others. <strong>We still need symbols, rituals, and shared stories.</strong> And there, probably, is the great strategic &#8212; and also deeply human &#8212; lesson of this whole story: <strong>competitive advantages based solely on exclusive contracts are far more fragile than they look, while advantages built on collective memory, nostalgia, generational rituals, and shared culture can survive even when the companies, the owners, and the rules of the market change.</strong></p><p>Because in the end, the figures were never just figures. They were tiny time capsules. Small emotional archives of who we once were. Maybe someday, when our children or grandchildren find one of those forgotten albums inside an old box, they&#8217;ll open it slowly again, smell the aged paper, and instantly understand something no digital platform will ever fully replicate:</p><h4>There was a time when the whole world fit inside the World Cup album &#8212; honestly, what an extraordinary era we got to live through!</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>Thanks for reading and sharing!</strong></h2><h2><strong>GabrielBedoya.com</strong></h2><h2><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h2><p>This document is for <strong>informational, educational, and futurist-analysis purposes only</strong>. <strong>It does not constitute financial advice, an investment solicitation, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or participate in any instrument, company, project, or asset.</strong></p><p>If anyone uses the content of this material to solicit money, investments, or economic participation, <strong>treat it immediately as a possible scam</strong>.</p><p>Always protect your personal and financial information.</p><h3><strong>&#128302; Keep exploring FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/la-guerra-de-los-simbolos-como-marcas">The War of Symbols: How Brands, Memes, and Politicians Hack Your Mind</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/antonomasias-digitales">Digital Antonomasias</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-15-mas-alla-de-la-empatia">Beyond Political Empathy</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Galileo’s Four Moons]]></title><description><![CDATA[Take 8 | When Someone Offers to Bring You the Moon, They Might Be Serious...]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/galileos-four-moons</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/galileos-four-moons</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:48:26 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h4><strong>When Artemis Went to Fetch the Moon!</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zrZY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff4ff3d7-72d6-4c14-8779-17474a028812_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>On a night in early January of 1610, an aging mathematics professor in the city of Padua &#8212; a man whose academic passions were mostly a way to dodge his enormous debts, the demands of his three children born out of wedlock, and a job that bored him to the marrow &#8212; sat in the dark corners of his study. There he hunched over a tube of leather and brass and pointed it at the sky. Honestly, you couldn&#8217;t call the thing a telescope; it was more of a <em>jury-rigged, home-made</em> astronomy kit, and with it the old professor probed his own curiosity and the edges of the night sky.</p><p>That night, to his deep surprise, he found <strong>three points of light</strong> lined up beside Jupiter. In his field journal he jotted them down as &#8220;new stars.&#8221; Four nights later he scanned the sky again, and this time there were <strong>four</strong> &#8212; but the truly astonishing part was that they <em>moved</em>, which left him chewing on why they&#8217;d behave so strangely, so unlike other heavenly bodies. Only by January 13th, after a great deal of head-scratching, did he grasp that they weren&#8217;t stars at all. They were celestial bodies orbiting something that was not the Earth. The discovery blew his mind: <strong>the Earth was not the center of anything! It&#8217;s just another rock in space, spinning around something else...</strong></p><p><em>Galileo</em> did not discover the moons of Jupiter; he simply <em>saw</em> them move. That sighting would change his life and his fate forever, for better and for worse. The professor&#8217;s real discovery came only afterward, when he set about convincing everyone else that what his &#8220;telescope&#8221; was showing up in the heavens was truer than what <em>Aristotle</em> had written down many centuries before him. It took the Church <strong>one hundred and twenty years</strong> to accept what a fifteen-ducat tube had already proven &#8212; one hundred and twenty years of inertia and threats, hundreds of generations raised on the idea of a universe that did not exist.</p><p>I&#8217;m writing these notes in May of 2026, after two much-needed weeks off, to tell you that a North American company &#8212; from the state of Iowa, no less &#8212; signed a contract with the Department of Energy to extract lunar dust, to be paid at <strong>twenty-five million dollars a kilogram</strong>. All of this is happening in a world where there are already machines that write better than almost every copywriter on your LinkedIn feed, where agentic artificial intelligence just turned the technical barrier to founding a company into a weekend errand, where supply chains are being re-nationalized in real time &#8212; and where we, <strong>the ones who claim to &#8220;design the future,&#8221; keep raising our kids for an Earth that is the center of nothing, arguing, with ridiculous seriousness, over whether to move to </strong><em><strong>Lisbon</strong></em><strong>, whether to pick up a second passport, or whether whining about the swamp of regulations makes us entrepreneurs or just crybabies.</strong></p><p>That&#8217;s the question of this FUTOPIX. I don&#8217;t know <em>which</em> technologies are coming &#8212; that barely matters anymore; technology is like taxes, it always shows up. After the recent spectacle of the <em>NASA | Artemis</em> mission, the question is: <strong>under which of the four moons are we raising &#8212; maybe without ever deciding to &#8212; the generation that will replace us?</strong></p><p><em>Galileo</em> christened his four moons with an embarrassingly courtly name: the <em>&#8220;Medicean Stars,&#8221;</em> in honor of his patrons. But the worst of it was that the Church silenced him; he had to swallow his own discovery on pain of being fried alive. <strong>Later, other astronomers &#8212; </strong><em><strong>Kepler, Marius</strong></em><strong> &#8212; ended up rechristening them with the names we know today: </strong><em><strong>Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto.</strong></em><strong> Justice would have been served if at least one of them had been named </strong><em><strong>Galileo.</strong></em> Four figures from Greek mythology, four lovers whom Jupiter seduced, abducted, or transformed.</p><p>Let&#8217;s sit with this for a second. The four moons that split Western cosmology in two are, mythologically, four victims of a god who wanted them for himself. This isn&#8217;t a thing to trivialize; it&#8217;s the exact question that <em>Helium-3</em> is putting to us. Each of the four moons I&#8217;m about to describe would love to be brought down to Earth, like any lovesick troubadour&#8217;s serenade.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lJy_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lJy_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lJy_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lJy_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lJy_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lJy_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png" width="1456" height="969" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:969,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lJy_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lJy_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lJy_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lJy_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4afd43a5-3b7b-40bf-ace0-4595c79ea229_1537x1023.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>The Most Expensive Dust in the Solar System</strong></h4><p><strong>Three liters of lunar dust &#8212; that&#8217;s the quantity the </strong><em><strong>U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)</strong></em><strong> bought in 2025,</strong> to be delivered before 2029 by an <em>Iowa</em> startup called <em>Interlune</em>, which already has a prototype lunar excavator capable of processing a hundred tons of <em>regolith</em> per hour. Don&#8217;t get confused: these aren&#8217;t tons of ore, they&#8217;re liters of an isotope known as <em>Helium-3</em>, trapped in the lunar dust and in a few corners of Earth, deposited there over four and a half billion years of solar wind hammering the Moon&#8217;s atmosphere-free surface.</p><p>So why such a market price &#8212; twenty-five million dollars a kilo (a liter)? It&#8217;s no joke; it&#8217;s real, hard cash on the barrelhead. <em>Helium-3</em> is the <strong>most expensive commodity in the solar system that has already had a first invoice cut for it</strong> &#8212; it already has confirmed customers, signed contracts, and order lines. Space mining stopped being science fiction the moment it stopped being discussed in sci-fi settings and started being discussed in the federal offices of the American government.</p><p>But here&#8217;s where the real action starts for entrepreneurs &#8212; and where the anthropological questions come in, which in the end are the only ones I care about: <strong>why are there five economies today looking at exactly the same dust, why did they simultaneously decide it was worth going to fetch, and why did they build five different architectures to do it?</strong> We anthropologists always love to start our analysis by reading the context. What an object gathers around itself &#8212; technology, capital, mythology, law, ambition &#8212; says more about the historical moment than the object itself. What <em>Helium-3</em> is gathering is a fork in the modern economic spectrum, the kind that sometimes slips by unnoticed but happens only a handful of times per millennium. Let&#8217;s look at what I mean:</p><p>The United States treats <em>Helium-3</em> as a <strong>commodity</strong>. <em>Interlune + Vermeer + DOE.</em> Purchase-order logic. A market.</p><p>China and Russia treat it as a <strong>geo-strategic position</strong>. The <em>International Lunar Research Station</em>, running parallel to the Artemis Accords. Supply-chain-control logic.</p><p>Japan treats it as a <strong>problem of technical elegance</strong>. <em>Magna Petra + ispace</em>: a 2026 mission that doesn&#8217;t excavate but captures the isotope by disturbing the surface. People getting creative.</p><p>The European Union treats it as a <strong>legal artifact</strong>. <em>Moon Agreement 2.0</em> &#8212; you have to sign a treaty before you fly a mission. Logic of legal mediation, regulation, very European.</p><p>India treats it as a <strong>non-aligned option</strong>. <em>Chandrayaan-3</em> already set hardware down at the lunar south pole. It plays its own destiny without signing on with any bloc.</p><p>There&#8217;s a sixth customer almost no one names, and it&#8217;s the one that will decide the real demand curve: <strong>quantum computing</strong>. The dilution refrigerators that cool <em>qubits to millikelvin</em> need mixtures of <em>Helium-3/Helium-4</em>. If nuclear fusion never arrives, quantum will &#8212; and it will be quantum, not energy, that drains the reserve. <em>Helium-3</em> isn&#8217;t just the possible fuel of the next energy era. It&#8217;s also the cold required for the next co-evolution of intelligence.</p><p>More or less: five economies, six distinct demands, one single Moon. This is exactly what Galileo saw &#8212; <strong>more than one gravitational center in the system</strong>. Economies, as I said in the last edition and repeat here because it&#8217;s the thesis of FUTOPIX, <strong>don&#8217;t fail for lack of resources; they fail from misreading the signals.</strong> Reading the signals starts with accepting that every civilization is interpreting them, and the four moons are the four different futures in which one of these readings will hit the jackpot: <em>Helium-3</em>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hDtA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hDtA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hDtA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hDtA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hDtA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hDtA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hDtA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hDtA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hDtA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hDtA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfdd950c-d996-4628-9c3e-86bb606c0648_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>The Signals</strong></h4><p>Before we move into the four moons, let&#8217;s look at what&#8217;s already orbiting the competitive field of lunar exploration. These are verifiable facts as of April 2026.</p><p><em>Interlune + Vermeer</em> already have their hundred-tons-per-hour lunar excavators ready. The DOE bought three liters for delivery before 2029 &#8212; a real customer, not a lead, not a prospect.</p><p><em>Magna Petra + ispace</em> launch a no-excavation isotope-capture architecture in 2026. Japanese elegance against American muscle: a different philosophy, competing for the same dust.</p><p><em>ILRS</em> (China + Russia) are consolidating an architecture parallel to <em>Artemis</em>. Two legal systems on the same Moon &#8212; it&#8217;s what the South China Sea was in the 2010s, scaled up to space.</p><p>The EU is pushing <em>Moon Agreement 2.0</em>. We already know these folks want to regulate before they extract. It&#8217;s the civilization that feels more at home writing the rulebook than playing the game. Because to play, you have to pay &#8212; the famous <em>&#8220;ticket to play,&#8221;</em> which in other parts of the world we call <em>el CVY, or &#8220;&#191;C&#243;mo Voy Yo?&#8221; &#8212; &#8220;What&#8217;s in it for me?&#8221;</em></p><p>India: <em>Chandrayaan-3</em> already touched down on the lunar south pole in 2023. It has proven hardware and the capacity to play without signing on with anyone.</p><p>Quantum: if <em>Google, IBM</em>, or a Chinese player cracks <em>qubit</em> error correction at scale, demand for <em>Helium-3</em> will overflow.</p><p>As always, the signals are unmistakable. What isn&#8217;t unmistakable is what they mean for ordinary mortals. In FUTOPIX <a href="https://gabrielbedoya.substack.com/p/futopix-toma-4">TAKE 4</a> I called this movement the &#8220;<em>cultural twist</em>&#8220;: every technological trend is mediated by the society that absorbs it. Here the impact will be brutal &#8212; five economies, five ways of seeing the world, five bets on the future. The dust will stay the same; it&#8217;s the economy looking at it that decides which model of moon we&#8217;re going to inhabit.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WlVA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WlVA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WlVA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WlVA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WlVA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WlVA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WlVA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WlVA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WlVA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WlVA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62b3cdb7-bd11-4552-95ca-07d082dd30c5_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>The Dust That Will Reconfigure the Space Economy</strong></h4><p>There&#8217;s something deeply misleading about thinking of space exploration as an extension of geography. The truth is it isn&#8217;t. We&#8217;re not &#8220;going&#8221; to the Moon the way you cross an ocean. <strong>We&#8217;re rewriting the conditions under which a civilization can exist,</strong> and in that process, Helium-3 shows up not as one more resource but as a piece of infrastructure for this whole ontology &#8212; a material that won&#8217;t just feed machines, but will redefine what a society can imagine as possible.</p><p>Because if <em>Buckminster Fuller</em> taught us anything, it&#8217;s that <strong>when you change the energy base of a system, you don&#8217;t improve the civilization &#8212; you replace it.</strong></p><p>For millennia, humanity has been trapped in an energy regime based on combustion: burn to survive. Burn wood, then coal, then oil. Every energy leap expanded our capabilities, but it also defined our limits. Politics, war, the economy, even the architecture of our cities, are direct consequences of how we access energy. In that sense, <strong>Helium-3 isn&#8217;t valuable because it&#8217;s expensive, but because it promises a completely disruptive break</strong> &#8212; clean energy, no combustion, no waste, no significant thermal friction. Energy that doesn&#8217;t destroy the environment that contains it.</p><p>But that&#8217;s where the shallow readings fall short. <strong>The real challenge isn&#8217;t the energy; it&#8217;s what happens afterward.</strong> When energy stops being the bottleneck &#8212; for quantum computing, among other projects &#8212; other systems will emerge as the constraint. That&#8217;s where the second layer of Helium-3 appears, quieter, more strategic: its central role in the architecture of extreme cold. In a world where quantum computing is starting to walk out of the lab, as <em>Michio Kaku</em> anticipated, the problem is no longer just to calculate, but to sustain impossible physical conditions. Temperatures near absolute zero, quantum stability, state coherence. Helium-3 stops being fuel and becomes a <strong>condition of possibility for a new co-evolution of intelligence.</strong></p><p>This is where space exploration reveals its true nature. <strong>Not as a race for territory, but for the infrastructures that will support new forms of production.</strong></p><p>The Moon, then, will stop being a romantic destination and become the logistical node of a larger system. A place where the absence of an atmosphere &#8212; once a problem &#8212; turns into an advantage. Where the solar wind, which for billions of years deposited <em>Helium-3</em> in the regolith, becomes, in retrospect, a process of strategic accumulation. As if the solar system had been quietly stockpiling this inventory with no one to claim it.</p><p>Here comes the anthropological dimension underlying all of this: <strong>each economy isn&#8217;t competing for </strong><em><strong>Helium-3</strong></em><strong>, it&#8217;s projecting onto it its own way of understanding the world.</strong></p><p>The United States turns it into a market because its founding mythology is one of exchange. China turns it into territory because its narrative is one of systemic control. Europe turns it into a treaty because its history is one of mediation. Japan turns it into a technical problem because its culture prizes precision. India turns it into an option because its identity is non-alignment.</p><p><strong>What we&#8217;re watching is not a space race. It&#8217;s a cultural framework amplified by technology.</strong> In that mirror, <em>Helium-3</em> works like a prism, because it forces us to answer an uncomfortable question: <strong>what kind of civilization do we want to be when scarcity stops being the organizing principle?</strong></p><p>This is where a lot of models fall short, because they assume that energy abundance automatically produces well-being. But as <em>Alvin Toffler</em> warned, the problem has never been the availability of resources, but the speed at which societies can adapt to new conditions.</p><p><strong>If tomorrow we solve energy, and we don&#8217;t solve humanity&#8217;s needs, we&#8217;ll be exposed.</strong></p><p>Space exploration, then, is not a project of territorial expansion the way many want to frame it. It&#8217;s an experiment in production, one that forces us to confront our own cultural structures in an environment where the rules change faster than our institutions.</p><p><em>Helium-3</em> becomes the new modern gold rush &#8212; not because it&#8217;s the fuel of a new economy, but because it&#8217;s the future catalyst of technological co-evolution.</p><p>When Galileo saw the moons of Jupiter, he didn&#8217;t just discover objects; he discovered that the center was a relative thing, that what looks fixed is only a limited perspective on the universe.</p><p><strong>Helium-3 is doing the same.</strong> It&#8217;s showing us that the Earth is no longer the operational center of our civilization. That the critical decisions &#8212; energy, computing, technological sovereignty &#8212; are beginning to shift off our planet. For the first time in history, we&#8217;re designing systems that don&#8217;t depend on terrestrial conditions to exist, and that&#8217;s the next frontier.</p><p>This will change everything. <strong>It will change how we educate ourselves</strong>, because we&#8217;re no longer forming individuals for a planet, but for a multi-planetary system. <strong>It will change how we do politics</strong>, because borders stop being geographic and become orbital. <strong>It changes how we understand work</strong>, because the link between effort and survival dissolves once energy stops being scarce. Above all, it will change how we understand the future &#8212; because the future is not a linear projection of the present, but a space of radically open options.</p><p>In that context, <em>Helium-3</em> is not only the target of the new space race. It&#8217;s the excuse we needed to launch it. <strong>That excuse is what&#8217;s forcing us to build the capabilities we need to step outside our historical frame,</strong> to stop thinking like a terrestrial civilization and start operating like a spacefaring one.</p><p>Like every transition of this kind, it won&#8217;t be uniform or peaceful. There will be friction, conflicts, asymmetries. Some of the &#8220;moons&#8221; will be more attractive than others; some will win, others will vanish.</p><p>But what&#8217;s no longer up for debate is the direction of the movement. <em>Helium-3</em> is, perhaps, the first tangible sign that the transition has already begun.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iIf4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iIf4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iIf4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iIf4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iIf4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iIf4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iIf4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iIf4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iIf4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iIf4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9b7086f-bd80-4074-a279-f890790b1708_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Don&#8217;t Ask Anyone to Bring You the Moon &#8212; Someone Might Actually Do It</h4><p>For centuries, the sky was a limit. A place to observe, to project myths, to look for answers we couldn&#8217;t touch. Today, that same sky is turning into a layer of infrastructure we couldn&#8217;t even imagine before. <strong>Space exploration no longer answers to curiosity; it answers to the need to redesign our civilization from its foundations.</strong> <em>Helium-3</em> emerges in this context not as a distant promise, but as a concrete sign that we&#8217;re entering a new phase: one where energy, intelligence, and territory stop being confined to Earth.</p><p>What&#8217;s truly transformative isn&#8217;t the possibility of extracting resources from the Moon, but <strong>the capacity to reorganize the logic under which we operate as a species</strong>. When energy stops being scarce, the rules of the game change: value will no longer lie in possessing, but in interpreting; no longer in competing for finite resources, but in building systems that amplify possibilities. <em><strong>Helium-3</strong></em><strong> is not just fuel, it&#8217;s context.</strong> A context that forces governments, companies, and entire cultures to rethink their place in a system that no longer has a single center.</p><p>Because <strong>we&#8217;re not facing a race for the Moon, we&#8217;re facing a test of how well we read the future.</strong> Some will see an economic opportunity in that dust, others a geopolitical advantage, others a technical problem.</p><h4>Only a few will understand that what&#8217;s really at stake is the way we choose to co-evolve. <em>Helium-3</em> won&#8217;t change the world on its own; it will change those who know how to read it.</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h2><p>This document is intended strictly for <strong>informational, educational, and futurist-analysis purposes</strong>. <strong>It does not constitute financial advice, an investment solicitation, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or participate in any instrument, company, project, or asset.</strong></p><p>If anyone uses the content of this material to solicit money, investments, or economic participation, <strong>treat it immediately as a possible scam</strong>.</p><p>Always protect your personal and financial information.</p><h3><strong>Gabrielbedoya.com</strong></h3><h3><strong>&#128302; Keep exploring FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-10-el-retorno-al-pensamiento">The Return to Fundamental Thinking</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-18-orden-en-los-cielos">Order in the Heavens</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-20-antropofisica">Anthropophysics</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Sword and the Companion]]></title><description><![CDATA[Take 7 | How Claude Code Closed a Twenty-Five-Year-Old Wound and Changed the Relationship Between Idea and Execution Forever]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/the-sword-and-the-companion</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/the-sword-and-the-companion</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:47:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Xmn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d5f2bce-d53d-43ad-8c54-0ec62a66b23e_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Life Always Gives You a Rematch&#8230;</h3><p>There are moments in an entrepreneur&#8217;s life that feel as if the universe, after years of refusing you a favor, finally decided to pay it back with interest. The strange thing is that these moments don&#8217;t arrive with rockets, fanfare, or cymbals. No headlines, no trumpets. They show up quietly, on some ordinary day, when you&#8217;re sitting in front of a screen and suddenly realize that something that took you decades to solve, you can now do alone, in a single afternoon, with a cup of coffee beside you. The most beautiful part is that <strong>you don&#8217;t solve it halfway &#8212; you solve it better, faster, and with an autonomy that used to be unthinkable.</strong></p><p>That was the day I understood that <em>Claude Code</em> wasn&#8217;t just another tool. It was a biographical turning point &#8212; especially for those of us who came up with the bare minimum in coding: a little dBase, some Visual Basic, that kind of ultra-basic stuff.</p><p>To understand why this moment hit me so hard, <strong>I need to take you back twenty-six years</strong>, to a time when we dreamed big with almost no resources, and when the gap between what we wanted to build and what we could actually build was measured, literally, in the number of programmers you could find, pay, and hold on to.</p><h3>1999: Ideas Avanzadas, or the Art of Trying to Run on One Leg</h3><p>In 1999, when the world was barely shaking off its Y2K hangover and most people still looked at the internet as if it were a mirage, three long-haired dreamers in Colombia decided to found <strong>Ideas Avanzadas</strong>, the first digital-survey company in Latin America. A lot of people have asked me why I have a boxer&#8217;s nose. The answer: so many companies slammed the door in my face &#8212; insisting that this &#8220;online surveys&#8221; thing was useless &#8212; that they ended up flattening my nose, though never my spirit. At Ideas Avanzadas we were pioneers of digital surveys, though at the time we didn&#8217;t even have the perspective to know it; we were simply doing something nobody around us was doing. <strong>Other people invented the word &#8220;pioneer&#8221; later, once we all understood that the trail we cut had turned into a highway.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3h!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3h!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3h!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3h!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3h!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3547542f-5ac3-42ee-b301-a99a4d180f43_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Soon after, we made another leap: we moved the whole business over to mobile surveys, using some extraordinary devices called <em>HP Companion PDAs, or Palm Pilots</em>. Getting them to work was a royal pain in the&#8230; back then there was no internet on mobile devices &#8212; we were only just easing into the trend &#8212; but we made them work anyway. For younger readers who never saw one: picture a smartphone, but dumb&#8230; before phones were ever smart, an ink-gray screen and a stylus that looked straight out of a spy novel were the height of cool. With those gadgets we hit the streets to capture public opinion, consumer behavior, voting intention, and so on. We were digitizing a process that had been anchored to paper, pencil, and manual transcription for decades. I still remember the survey-world orthodox crowd trashing our initiative like a farmer railing against the arrival of the tractor.</p><p>In 2010 we upped the ante and founded <strong>the first MVNO in Colombia</strong> (Mobile Virtual Network Operator, for the uninitiated &#8212; a mobile carrier that owns no network of its own but rides on someone else&#8217;s). There, too, we fought the developers to make them understand that user experience mattered as much as code architecture, and that two links and three buttons weren&#8217;t enough to deliver it. Then came more projects, some more aggressive than others, among them <strong>GoDigg</strong>, a cloud platform to democratize bitcoin mining, and <strong>ALT</strong>, an app to democratize alternative investments.</p><p>Laid out like that, in a single paragraph, it looks like an elegant trajectory. <strong>The truth is that every one of those projects was trench warfare against the same seven-headed beast: dependence on developers.</strong></p><h3>The Wound: The Dev Who Understands Code but Not Business</h3><p>Here comes an uncomfortable confession that many startup founders will recognize in silence: <strong>in twenty-five years of building digital products, my greatest pain was never the market, the competition, or the capital. My greatest pain was always the developers.</strong></p><p>Not developers as people, let me be clear, because I&#8217;ve worked with brilliant minds. <strong>The pain was structural, almost cultural.</strong> Finding someone who could program wasn&#8217;t particularly hard; the market was full of competent programmers. The scarcity &#8212; the real scarcity &#8212; was finding someone who could program <strong>and understand the business.</strong> Someone who could look at a user flow and see, at the same time, the technical architecture and the monetization model. Someone who understood that behind every requirement there&#8217;s a commercial hypothesis, that behind every feature there&#8217;s an opportunity cost, and that behind every line of code there&#8217;s a cultural conversation with a user who doesn&#8217;t exist yet.</p><p>That profile, that unicorn, didn&#8217;t exist in sufficient numbers. When one appeared, they were wildly expensive, fleeting, and usually gone to Silicon Valley before you could get them to sign a yearly contract. It happened to me over and over: I&#8217;d find brilliant kids, train them, teach them everything I knew, and just when I thought we were ready to fly, other companies would show up with juicier checks (good for the kids), but those were salaries I, as an entrepreneur, simply couldn&#8217;t match. I won&#8217;t dwell on it, because in other settings I&#8217;ve already been called a crybaby for it.</p><p><strong>So founders like me became professional preachers.</strong> We spent hours, days, weeks explaining the business to the dev, explaining to the dev why the investor was pushing, explaining to the investor that the user was the heart of the business, explaining to everyone what it meant to create value. We were translation nodes in a network where nobody spoke the whole language. The cost of that translation &#8212; in time, money, mental fatigue, and lost opportunities &#8212; is impossible to measure, but I promise you one thing: <strong>it was the highest tax I paid in my entire career as an entrepreneur.</strong></p><p>If there&#8217;s one thing I&#8217;ve learned as an anthropologist observing the world of entrepreneurship, it&#8217;s that <strong>every organization is built around its main point of friction.</strong> If your friction point is capital, you build a fundraising machine. If it&#8217;s technical talent, you build a hiring machine. If it&#8217;s execution, you build an operations machine. In my case, for a quarter of a century, I built gigantic machines to mitigate the friction between <strong>the idea</strong> and <strong>the code.</strong> Today, from one day to the next, that friction isn&#8217;t shrinking &#8212; it&#8217;s COLLAPSING!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWVI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWVI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWVI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWVI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWVI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWVI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWVI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWVI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWVI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TWVI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcec68da3-4882-488a-aea1-2bbfc8428215_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>If I&#8217;d Had Claude Code Twenty Years Ago, I&#8217;d Probably Be a Billionaire Today</h3><p>I&#8217;ll say it plainly, even if it sounds arrogant: <strong>if I&#8217;d had Claude Code twenty years ago, I&#8217;d probably be a very rich man today.</strong> Not because my ideas were better than anyone else&#8217;s. Not because I had a superior read on the market. But because <strong>the bottleneck that strangled my execution for a quarter of a century would have vanished.</strong> Every MVP that waited six months for a dev to free up would have shipped in two weeks or less. Every iteration that stalled because the senior programmer left for another company &#8212; or because it was a holiday, Easter week, New Year&#8217;s, Columbus Day, Secretary&#8217;s Day, whatever &#8212; would have kept moving without friction. Every pivot we didn&#8217;t make because &#8220;we&#8217;d already invested too much in this architecture&#8221; would have happened at the speed of a conversation.</p><p><strong>The cost wasn&#8217;t only economic &#8212; it was stress and existential dread.</strong> How many ideas died on the whiteboard or in the Excel sheet, how many projects stayed stuck at the wireframe or the mockup, how many pivots never happened because technical debt and human dependence made every change cost too much. <strong>Startups don&#8217;t die from a lack of ideas. They die from the distance between the idea and its execution.</strong> For twenty-five years, that distance, for me, was called <em>developers.</em> Today, that distance has shrunk to zero.</p><p>What really changed is an unprecedented cultural rupture &#8212; not just a productivity gain, as so many like to pretend.</p><p>It&#8217;s from this reflection that I want to ask you to climb one more step with me. <strong>What&#8217;s happening with </strong><em><strong>Claude Code</strong></em><strong> is not a productivity increase.</strong> That language is too small, too corporate, too lukewarm to describe what&#8217;s actually going on. A productivity increase is when Excel replaced the calculator. <em>Claude Code</em> is something else &#8212; it&#8217;s a full <strong>paradigm shift in the division of labor.</strong></p><p>Let&#8217;s go back to fundamentals, as we so often invite you to do at <strong>FUTOPIX</strong>. What is programming, in its most minimal form? Programming is <strong>translating human intention into instructions a machine can execute.</strong> For roughly seventy years, that translation required a specialized intermediary &#8212; the <em>programmer</em> &#8212; who mastered a cryptic syntax and had become the gatekeeper between whoever had the idea and the idea built.</p><p>That figure, that bottleneck, was born around 1950 with the first programming languages and consolidated into a professional caste across the entire second half of the 20th century. When <em>Bill Gates and Paul Allen</em> founded <em>Microsoft,</em> when <em>Jobs and Wozniak</em> founded <em>Apple,</em> when <em>Zuckerberg</em> founded <em>Facebook,</em> they did it because they themselves were part of that caste. <strong>Those of us who couldn&#8217;t code depended on those who could. That dependence organized the entire digital economy.</strong></p><p>What <em>Claude Code</em> is doing &#8212; and this has to be said with the clarity of a scalpel &#8212; is <strong>dissolving the programmer caste&#8217;s monopoly over the idea-to-code translation.</strong> It&#8217;s not just replacing it; it&#8217;s dissolving it, diluting it, turning it into an optional matter.</p><p>Let&#8217;s think about this with historical perspective. When Gutenberg&#8217;s printing press appeared in 1450, <strong>it didn&#8217;t make the scribe&#8217;s work faster</strong> &#8212; it ended scribework as a monopoly on the production of knowledge. When the sewing machine appeared in the 19th century, <strong>it didn&#8217;t improve the seamstress&#8217;s productivity</strong> &#8212; it transformed the relationship between the individual and the making of their own clothing. When the automobile was democratized, <strong>it didn&#8217;t make coachmen more efficient</strong> &#8212; it replaced them as an economic category.</p><p><em><strong>Claude Code</strong></em><strong> is to programming what the printing press was to scribework.</strong> It isn&#8217;t a tool that helps the programmer; it&#8217;s a technology that reorders the entire relationship between the one who dreams up a product and the product built.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_q_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_q_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_q_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_q_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_q_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_q_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png" width="1024" height="1536" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1536,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_q_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_q_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_q_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_q_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31070e09-6f24-4776-9b95-0aed387c1875_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>The Samurai Metaphor: The Sword and the Companion</h3><p>In my personal library I keep, with special fondness, a book I reread every so often: <em>The Book of Five Rings</em> by <em>Miyamoto Musashi,</em> Japan&#8217;s most legendary samurai, written in 1645 when he was sixty years old and had won more than sixty duels without losing a single one. In that book, <em>Musashi</em> teaches a technique he named <em>Ni Ten Ichi Ryu</em>: <strong>one school, two swords.</strong></p><p>The idea is radical. While every samurai of his era fought with a long sword held in both hands, <em>Musashi</em> wielded a long sword in one hand and a short sword &#8212; called <em>the companion</em> &#8212; in the other. It wasn&#8217;t for show. It was a strategic philosophy. <strong>With two swords, one man is worth ten. With two swords, you don&#8217;t die with a weapon still sheathed.</strong></p><p>Let me say it directly: <em><strong>Claude Code</strong></em><strong> is the modern entrepreneur&#8217;s companion sword.</strong> You&#8217;re still the long sword &#8212; the one that sets the direction, that carries the intention, that holds the sense of the business, that knows the customer, that understands the market, that has lived the sleepless nights wondering whether the revenue model holds up. <strong>That remains your main weapon, and nobody can replace it for you.</strong> But now you have a second sword, a <em>companion sword,</em> that moves with superhuman agility on the very terrain where you used to freeze: the translation of your vision into executable code.</p><p><em>Musashi</em> writes something that today resonates with almost unsettling precision: <em>&#8220;From one thing, know ten thousand things. When you attain the Way of Strategy, there will not be one thing you cannot see.&#8221;</em> <strong>With the two swords, the solo founder sees what used to require a team of twenty.</strong> The power asymmetry that once favored huge corporations with infinite budgets is evening out. The individual with vision and <em>Claude Code</em> has, today, more execution capacity than many companies that were billing a hundred million dollars ten years ago.</p><h2>You to You Squared</h2><p>Another book that has kept me company for years is <em>The Quantum Leap Strategy</em> by <em>Price Pritchett.</em> Its thesis is simple and brutal: <strong>quantum leaps don&#8217;t happen by working harder within the same system; they happen when you change the system.</strong> It&#8217;s not <em>more of the same, faster</em> &#8212; it&#8217;s <em>a radically different way of operating.</em></p><p><em>Pritchett</em> puts it this way: <em>you to you squared.</em> It&#8217;s not that you improve by 20%, 30%, 50%. It&#8217;s that you multiply your capacity by an exponential factor <strong>because the new system removes a constraint you used to take as inevitable.</strong></p><p>This &#8212; exactly this &#8212; is what <em>Claude Code</em> offers the contemporary entrepreneur. <strong>It doesn&#8217;t make you program faster. It makes you program things you couldn&#8217;t program at all before.</strong> It pulls you out of the category of &#8220;entrepreneur who depends on developers&#8221; and moves you into the category of &#8220;entrepreneur sovereign over their own stack.&#8221;</p><p>When <em>Pritchett</em> says <em>&#8220;act as if you had complete faith; go for the quantum leap with everything you&#8217;ve got,&#8221;</em> you could read it as cheap motivational self-help. <strong>Today, I read it as a technical description of what&#8217;s possible.</strong> If someone had told me five years ago that I, at my age, with no team of developers, could design, prototype, and launch functional applications working alone with an AI as my companion, I&#8217;d have said they were on drugs. Today I do it on Saturday mornings, between one cup of coffee and the next.</p><h3>The Most Solid Source of Independence</h3><p>Let me allow myself a sentence I know will sound excessive, but which I write with the conviction of someone who has spent twenty-five years in this industry: <em><strong>Claude Code</strong></em><strong> is the most powerful source of individual independence that has appeared in my professional life.</strong></p><p>When I say independence, I don&#8217;t mean it in a vague or romantic sense. I mean something very concrete, almost geometric: <strong>Independence from other people&#8217;s schedules.</strong> I no longer have to wait for a developer to &#8220;free up&#8221; to move my idea forward. My idea moves forward when I have time to think it.</p><p><strong>Independence from startup capital.</strong> Many of my earlier projects died because the cost of building the MVP was prohibitive before I could validate the hypothesis. Today the cost of an MVP is measured in days of personal work, not in investment rounds.</p><p><strong>Independence from the geography of talent.</strong> I no longer need to be in Medell&#237;n, Bogot&#225;, Mexico City, Miami, or San Francisco to have access to a world-class technical team. My technical team fits inside my laptop.</p><p><strong>Independence from internal politics.</strong> No need to negotiate with the CTO, no need to fight with the lead developer, no need to convince the team that the <em>feature</em> is a priority. If you decide it&#8217;s a priority, it&#8217;s a priority.</p><p><strong>Independence from the rhythm of the venture-capital cycle.</strong> I don&#8217;t have to raise a round to validate an idea. I validate it myself, alone, with my companion sword.</p><p><strong>The deepest of them all: independence from mediation.</strong> My idea no longer has to pass through another person&#8217;s interpretive filter. I think, I speak, and the code appears. The gap between signifier and signified &#8212; the same gap I&#8217;ve described in earlier <strong>FUTOPIX</strong> issues as the very heart of anthropology &#8212; closes in the direct experience of the founder-builder.</p><p><strong>This is the kind of independence that historically existed only for the artisans who built their own objects by hand in the workshop at home.</strong> What <em>Claude Code</em> offers is the digital version of that craftsmanship, but with industrial capacity. It&#8217;s the return of the <em>maker,</em> the <em>builder,</em> the <em>tinkerer,</em> raised to the tenth power.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dj28!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dj28!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dj28!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dj28!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dj28!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dj28!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dj28!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dj28!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dj28!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dj28!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682ae286-3885-43c7-b626-4e3234da27f6_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>The Rebirth of the Founder-Builder</h3><p>I want to propose a cultural thesis, because <strong>FUTOPIX</strong> wouldn&#8217;t be <strong>FUTOPIX</strong> if we didn&#8217;t look at the phenomenon through an anthropologist&#8217;s eyes.</p><p><strong>For seventy years, the digital economy was organized around the separation between the one who thinks up the product and the one who builds it.</strong> The product manager dreamed, the developer executed. The founder sold the vision, the CTO made it real. The designer drew the screen, the engineer implemented it. This division of labor worked, but it also created enormous distortions: loss of fidelity between intention and execution, cultural friction between teams, cumulative delays, and a hierarchical dependence where real power ended up residing with whoever controlled the code.</p><p>What we&#8217;re living through now, with <em>Claude Code</em> and tools of the same family, is <strong>the return of the founder-builder</strong> &#8212; that figure who existed in the early days of personal computing, when <em>Steve Wozniak</em> soldered his own boards and <em>Bill Gates</em> wrote BASIC at night. That figure disappeared as projects grew too big and complex for one person. Now it&#8217;s coming back, <strong>but with a superpower </strong><em><strong>Wozniak</strong></em><strong> didn&#8217;t have: an AI as a constant companion that amplifies technical capacity without diluting business vision.</strong></p><p>The founder-builder of 2026 is not the lone programmer of the &#8216;80s. <strong>It&#8217;s a new hybrid: someone who thinks about the business, converses with the AI, validates with the user, and closes the loop without ever leaving their own head.</strong> The feedback cycles that used to take weeks or months now take hours. The speed of learning shoots up. And the speed of learning &#8212; let&#8217;s never forget it &#8212; <strong>is the only truly sustainable competitive advantage in an exponential world.</strong></p><h3>What This Means for Those Who Read Me</h3><p>If you&#8217;re reading this <strong>FUTOPIX</strong> and you&#8217;re an entrepreneur, an executive, a student, a curious mind, a dissident from corporate tedium, or any other member of this tribe of wide-awake dreamers, I want to leave you three ideas to carry with you:</p><p><strong>First: if you have an idea you&#8217;ve been carrying for years because you couldn&#8217;t figure out how to build it, this is the moment.</strong> The door has just opened. The technical barriers that paralyzed you for a decade are no longer there. What used to require landing a co-founder CTO now requires learning to converse strategically with an AI. That can be learned. It isn&#8217;t trivial, but it can be learned.</p><p><strong>Second: your advantage is no longer the code &#8212; it&#8217;s the question.</strong> In a world where anyone can produce code with AI, the difference will be made by whoever knows how to frame the right questions, whoever has the sharpest business instinct, whoever understands the customer most deeply, whoever has aesthetic and ethical judgment about what&#8217;s worth building. <strong>The human fundamentals &#8212; empathy, judgment, vision, taste &#8212; are more valuable than ever,</strong> precisely because technical execution is becoming a commodity.</p><p><strong>Third: the window won&#8217;t stay open forever.</strong> When every entrepreneur in the world has access to these tools, the competitive advantage will have been absorbed by the market. Whoever adopts them now, whoever masters them in the next twenty-four months, will operate with a brutal time asymmetry over those who adopt them in 2028 or 2029. <strong>In moments of technological transition, the first twenty-four months are worth the next ten years.</strong> Ask the people who bought domains in 1995, who joined Facebook in 2008, who mined Bitcoin in 2011.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AtFQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AtFQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AtFQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AtFQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AtFQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AtFQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AtFQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AtFQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AtFQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AtFQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f49ac10-c3eb-48a1-b03f-9b66fb6cb5d1_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>A Final Confession</h3><p>I&#8217;m entering the maturity of life. I&#8217;ve built, closed, and sold companies. I&#8217;ve made money and lost it. I&#8217;ve hired dozens of developers and suffered the departure of just as many. I&#8217;ve lived through every stage of the entrepreneurial cycle, from the euphoria of launch to the silence of failure. And yet, <strong>never in my professional life have I felt as free to build as I feel today.</strong></p><p>It&#8217;s not nostalgia for the nineties. It&#8217;s not teenage excitement over a new technology. <strong>It&#8217;s the calm certainty that, for the first time in almost thirty years, the distance between my imagination and my execution depends almost entirely on my own will.</strong></p><p>This is what <em>Claude Code</em> means to me. I don&#8217;t see it as a tool, nor as an assistant. I see it the way you see <strong>a traveling companion who gives you back something you thought you&#8217;d lost forever: the ability to build alone, at my own pace, by my own rules, without asking permission, without waiting for anyone.</strong></p><p><strong>The long sword is still mine. The companion sword has just arrived</strong> &#8212; and with both in hand, as <em>Musashi</em> taught, one man is worth ten thousand.</p><p>If this <strong>FUTOPIX</strong> stirred something in you &#8212; a sleeping idea, an old rebellion, a project shut away in a drawer &#8212; <strong>I invite you to take it out and put it on the table.</strong> The technology you were waiting for to build it has already arrived.</p><p><strong>The rest is up to you.</strong></p><h4>It&#8217;s time to reclaim the sovereignty to build.</h4><h4>It&#8217;s time to think big without begging for execution.</h4><h4>It&#8217;s time for the founder-builder of the 21st century.</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h2><p>This document is for <strong>informational, educational, and futurist-analysis purposes only.</strong> <strong>It does not constitute financial advice, an investment solicitation, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or participate in any instrument, company, project, or asset.</strong></p><p>If anyone uses the content of this material to solicit money, investments, or economic participation, <strong>treat it immediately as a possible scam.</strong></p><p>Always protect your personal and financial information.</p><h3>Gabrielbedoya.com</h3><h3><strong>&#128302; Keep exploring FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-la-paradoja-del-dinamo">The Dynamo Paradox</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-8-del-dr-google-al-dr">From Dr. Google to Dr. GPT</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-12-antropologia-y-los">Anthropology and Personal AI Agents</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Why Your Kids Need to Learn to Invest]]></title><description><![CDATA[Take 6 | From Saving to Navigating Intelligent Economic Systems]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/why-your-kids-need-to-learn-to-invest</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/why-your-kids-need-to-learn-to-invest</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:46:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png" width="1408" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1408,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GCIa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe19e9305-7917-4690-94bf-c9fc143608b7_1408x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>From the Piggy Bank to Your First Contract With Time</strong></h3><p>In anthropology we know all too well that some objects aren&#8217;t objects at all &#8212; they&#8217;re time portals. Cultural interfaces that connect us to an earlier version of ourselves, to cosmogonies and to passages of history that hand us back a whole set of imaginaries. For me, one of those portals is the old metal coin bank from the bygone <strong>Caja Social &#8212; a little metal chest that looked like a tiny portable vault, absurdly heavy for a child, with that dry, almost ceremonial clink every time a coin dropped inside.</strong> And the interesting part is that the &#8220;chink&#8221; wasn&#8217;t just metal hitting metal. It was a promise, a primitive way of understanding the future.</p><p>I&#8217;m certain many of you reading this know exactly what I mean. When I was just a kid, my mother gave me my first <em>piggy bank</em>, <strong>a steel coin bank where I stashed the &#8220;change&#8221; I got for running errands for her and my aunts and uncles.</strong> At home, every one of my siblings had one. It wasn&#8217;t optional &#8212; it was part of the family ritual, the way our parents drilled into us early on an idea that seemed unquestionable at the time: <strong>you had to save for the future.</strong></p><p>That was our first contract with time. So I went from the little chest to the red house, and from there to the ceramic piggy. Coin after coin, I built up my savings &#8212; though I have to confess the discipline was never constant; plenty of times I dodged saving to treat myself to a few indulgences. <strong>In the end, what mattered was building the habit, because from the coin bank we leapt to the first bank account, and from there to the term deposit (yes, I had one of those too).</strong> The savings passbook and the term deposit weren&#8217;t just the financial instruments of the era &#8212; they were the symbol of discipline, foresight, and preparation for the uncertain. The mantra was clear: you had to work, earn money, put it away, and wait for something to come along to spend it on.</p><p>But as the years went by, that map stopped being enough &#8212; and eventually became almost irrelevant.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIcz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIcz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIcz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIcz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIcz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIcz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png" width="1408" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1408,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIcz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIcz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIcz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIcz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b1183d2-087b-44e1-8585-0de299a18d55_1408x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>When Saving Stops Being Enough</strong></h3><p>A couple of days ago, a good friend asked me a seemingly simple question: <strong>how do we teach our kids to save?</strong> As tends to happen at FUTOPIX, the question didn&#8217;t stay on the surface. It threw me straight back to that metallic past, to the dry sound of coins dropping into a bank &#8212; but it also forced me to confront something deeper: <strong>the suspicion that the very ritual we inherited no longer does the job we think it does.</strong> My answer caught him off guard, because it wasn&#8217;t the one he expected.</p><p><strong>I told him that today it&#8217;s no longer important to teach our kids to save.</strong> Not because saving was a mistake, but because it was the right answer to a system that no longer exists. <strong>It was a tool designed for an environment where money was relatively stable, where time worked in favor of whoever hoarded it, and where discipline was enough to preserve value. The world stopped running on those rules.</strong></p><p>What our kids really need isn&#8217;t to learn how to store money, but to understand how it behaves. They need to learn to <strong>position</strong> it, to read its flows, to spot where it expands and where it erodes. <strong>They need to learn to invest &#8212; not as some financial sophistication, but as a basic capacity for inhabiting the economic system that is already emerging.</strong></p><p>This is where the real generational tension shows up. While many parents still think about teaching their kids to protect value, the system has already evolved into one where value only survives if it moves. <strong>We&#8217;re moving from a world where money was a static object, toward a world where money is a </strong><em><strong>programmable system</strong></em><strong>.</strong> It&#8217;s in that transition where everything gets more complicated, because the map we inherited stops matching the territory our kids are facing.</p><p>Saving, as we&#8217;ve traditionally understood it, rested on an implicit premise: that money could hold up over time without significantly deteriorating. <strong>Today that premise no longer holds. Inflation acts as a silent, constant, almost imperceptible erosion that wears down the value of money sitting still.</strong> But beyond inflation, there&#8217;s an even deeper dynamic: <strong>capital that moves, that participates, that plugs into growth systems is being rewarded out of all proportion compared to capital that stays static.</strong></p><p>In other words, <strong>money stopped being a deposit and became a </strong><em><strong>flow</strong></em><strong>.</strong> When something is a flow, you can&#8217;t understand it through the logic of passive accumulation. <strong>You have to understand it through the logic of circulation, of speed, of strategic positioning.</strong> Saving meant containing, stopping, preserving. Investing means releasing, exposing, letting money interact with systems that grow it under certain conditions.</p><p>That&#8217;s where the discomfort begins for a lot of people. Because teaching kids to save was simple &#8212; it was a moral narrative: discipline, patience, sacrifice. <strong>Teaching them to invest, on the other hand, means accepting uncertainty, talking about risk, admitting that not everything is controllable.</strong> It means stepping onto terrain where even we are still learning. But dodging that conversation doesn&#8217;t protect our kids &#8212; it just leaves them without tools to operate in the new economic system.</p><p>Because they aren&#8217;t going to live in a world where money waits. <strong>They&#8217;re going to live in a world where money moves, gets programmed, gets optimized, gets redistributed in real time.</strong> A world where stillness isn&#8217;t prudence, it&#8217;s loss; where staying on the sidelines isn&#8217;t neutral, it&#8217;s a handicap.</p><p>Here comes the idea that&#8217;s hardest to accept but that we most need to internalize: <strong>saving, as we&#8217;ve historically understood it, has stopped being a value-preservation strategy and has become a slow form of losing it.</strong> Saving is the easiest way to make yourself poor.</p><p>This isn&#8217;t a tweak. It isn&#8217;t an incremental recommendation. It isn&#8217;t that we should save a little less and invest a little more. <strong>We&#8217;re facing a paradigm substitution.</strong></p><p>We&#8217;ve gone from teaching kids to resist time to teaching them to amplify it; from teaching them to hoard to teaching them to move within complex systems &#8212; and that transition isn&#8217;t optional. <strong>It&#8217;s the difference between taking part in the economy that&#8217;s coming&#8230; or staying trapped in the one that already ceased to exist.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V3NB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V3NB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V3NB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V3NB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V3NB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V3NB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png" width="1408" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1408,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V3NB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V3NB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V3NB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V3NB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95da53db-5891-407d-8a97-2d7a806cfb15_1408x768.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>From Object to Intelligent System</strong></h3><p>Money has never been static, but what we&#8217;re seeing today isn&#8217;t just one more incremental co-evolution &#8212; it&#8217;s a change at the root. <strong>Money has stopped being a store of value and is becoming an </strong><em><strong>intelligent, programmable, ontological system</strong></em><strong>.</strong> This isn&#8217;t a cosmetic change; it&#8217;s a change in its very nature.</p><p>Before, money was something you stored, transferred, or spent. Today, money is starting to behave, to execute instructions, to interact with other systems without necessarily a person making each decision.</p><p>To grasp the scale of this shift, think about something simple. When you deposited money in a bank account, that money sat there, waiting for you to decide what to do with it. It was passive. It depended entirely on your action. In the new environment, by contrast, money can be programmed to act under certain conditions. This is where <em>smart contracts</em> come in. They&#8217;re nothing more than coded agreements that execute automatically when something happens. <strong>It&#8217;s money that stops waiting and starts operating.</strong></p><p>Imagine, for example, that you have a rental agreement. In the traditional world, the tenant has to remember to pay, the landlord has to verify the payment, and if something breaks down, a chain of friction begins: calls, delays, conflicts. In a system based on <em>smart contracts</em>, the money is released automatically on the agreed day, provided the conditions are met. If they aren&#8217;t, the system acts accordingly. No interpretation, no intermediary. <strong>The money executes the agreement all by itself.</strong></p><p>Another example even closer to home: many of us had relatives who gave us company shares &#8212; certificates we hoarded as if they were Morgan&#8217;s treasure. For that to work in the traditional model, someone had to monitor the market, make decisions, buy or sell those securities. In the new model, that portfolio can be managed by automated rules or even by <em>AI</em>, which reallocates capital based on predefined market conditions. If an asset falls below a certain threshold, the system reacts. If another climbs, the system reassigns. <strong>The money isn&#8217;t just invested &#8212; it&#8217;s </strong><em><strong>thinking in operational terms</strong></em><strong>.</strong></p><p>This is where a gap opens up that we can&#8217;t ignore. If we, as parents, are still trying to understand what it means for money to behave this way, <strong>how do we prepare our kids to interact with this new kind of system?</strong> Because they aren&#8217;t going to walk into a world where money is static. They&#8217;re going to walk into an environment where money is dynamic, reactive, and &#8212; in many cases &#8212; autonomous.</p><p><em>Decentralized finance (DeFi)</em> will accelerate this shift even further, because it strips out intermediaries, borders, and business hours. Money no longer needs to be locked inside a banking institution that opens and closes. It can flow continuously, available 24/7, with no geographic or bureaucratic friction. You can move value anywhere in the world in minutes, without asking permission, without waiting for external validations. <strong>Money stops being &#8220;locked up&#8221; and starts behaving like a constant flow.</strong></p><p>And in parallel, the <em>tokenization of assets</em> is breaking another historic barrier: access. Before, investing in real estate, art, or certain financial instruments required large amounts of capital. Today, those assets can be fractioned into small digital units, letting more people take part. You can own a fraction of a building, of a work of art, or of a diversified portfolio without needing to be a major investor. <strong>Ownership stops being absolute and becomes distributed.</strong></p><p>But this democratization comes at a cost: complexity. Because in this new system, having money isn&#8217;t enough. You have to understand how it moves, under what rules it operates, what risks it carries. <strong>Whoever doesn&#8217;t understand these systems simply doesn&#8217;t take part in them.</strong> And not taking part is no longer neutral. It&#8217;s staying outside of where value is being created.</p><p>That&#8217;s why, more than teaching our kids what money is, we need to teach them how it behaves. Because the money they&#8217;re going to inherit won&#8217;t be kept in a coin bank. It will be programmed, moved, and will make decisions inside systems that wait for no one.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdTH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdTH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdTH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdTH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdTH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdTH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png" width="1408" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1408,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdTH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdTH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdTH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdTH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d87f6fc-ac7a-4239-81ec-50775aceb763_1408x768.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Collapse of the Model We Inherited</strong></h3><p>We grew up under a seemingly stable, almost unquestionable logic: <strong>study, work, earn, save, retire.</strong> That model didn&#8217;t just organize our economic life &#8212; it organized our relationship with time, with effort, and with the very idea of the future. <strong>It was a cultural contract that offered clarity and an implicit promise: if you did the right thing for long enough, the system would eventually reward you with stability.</strong> And yet that contract is being eroded by forces that don&#8217;t operate in a linear way but an exponential one &#8212; forces that ask no permission and announce no arrival; they simply reconfigure the environment we live in.</p><p><em>AI</em> is perhaps the most obvious manifestation of this transformation. <strong>It&#8217;s driving down the value of many forms of work, especially those based on repetition or on processing structured information.</strong> What once took years of training and experience can now be done in seconds by trained systems. This doesn&#8217;t mean human work disappears, but it does mean a deep redefinition of its value. <strong>Effort on its own stops being a guarantee of relevance</strong>, and knowledge, when it&#8217;s replicable, stops being scarce. What really starts to matter is the ability to understand where that effort fits within broader systems that are constantly evolving.</p><p>At the same time, and in parallel, capital assets keep expanding at a rate higher than labor income. As <em>Thomas Piketty</em> pointed out, <strong>capital grows faster than income</strong> &#8212; but what truly matters isn&#8217;t the phrase itself, it&#8217;s the structural implication it carries. <strong>The system starts to reward ownership over effort</strong>, and that shift introduces a fracture in the model we inherited. <strong>If labor loses relative capacity to accumulate and capital gains capacity to expand, then the equation changes at the root. It&#8217;s no longer enough to take part in the system through work; you have to understand how to position yourself within it, how to interact with its dynamics, and how to anticipate its moves.</strong></p><p>In that new scenario, income starts to become unstable, employment stops being a guarantee and turns into just one more variable inside an uncertain environment. Linear trajectories break, cycles shorten, and predictability &#8212; one of the pillars of the old model &#8212; begins to fade. It&#8217;s at this point that an uncomfortable but unavoidable truth emerges: <strong>money grows where it circulates, not where time is invested.</strong> This isn&#8217;t meant to devalue work, but to place it in its new position within the system. <strong>Work is still a means of generation, but the expansion of value happens on another layer, in another logic, at another rhythm.</strong></p><p>This is precisely where saving, as we understood it, begins to lose its original meaning. Saving meant stopping money, preserving it, protecting it from the environment. It was a coherent strategy in a system where time didn&#8217;t significantly erode accumulated value. But in an environment where inflation acts as constant erosion and where dynamic capital is what earns the biggest rewards, <strong>stopping money stops being prudent and starts being costly.</strong> Saving, in its traditional form, stops being a preservation strategy and becomes an illusion of security &#8212; a feeling of control that doesn&#8217;t necessarily translate into real protection within today&#8217;s system.</p><p>If we widen the lens from an anthropological perspective, the pattern becomes even clearer. Every society has historically trained its new generations in the skills needed to survive within its environment. At one point it was hunting, then farming, later trade. Each transition redefined what it meant to be prepared. <strong>Today we&#8217;re facing a new transition, one where the critical skill is no longer solely producing value with the body or with time, but understanding how value moves within complex systems.</strong> In this context, saying that <em>investing is the new hunting</em> stops being an aesthetic metaphor and becomes a functional description of reality.</p><p>Investing determines access to resources, stability, and freedom. It&#8217;s the contemporary way of positioning yourself within the economy. Not teaching this skill doesn&#8217;t protect our kids from risk; on the contrary, <strong>it exposes them to a system they won&#8217;t understand, with no tools to navigate it.</strong> That said, reducing investing to a technical dimension would be a mistake. Investing isn&#8217;t only about knowing financial instruments or platforms &#8212; it&#8217;s a discipline that demands a deep understanding of yourself. It means managing emotions in volatile environments, holding decisions in the middle of uncertainty, and developing judgment when information is abundant but clarity is scarce. Risk stops being an enemy to avoid and becomes information to be interpreted, read, contextualized.</p><p>Within this same fabric another layer appears that&#8217;s rarely addressed with the seriousness it deserves: attention. We live in an economy where human time is captured, analyzed, and monetized with millimetric precision. Every digital interaction, every second in front of a screen, every seemingly trivial gesture is being converted into value for someone else. In this context, <strong>attention becomes an economic asset</strong>, and whoever doesn&#8217;t learn to recognize it ends up handing it over without realizing. The question stops being how much time we spend, and becomes who is capitalizing on that time. <strong>Your attention is already an asset &#8212; the difference is whether you know how to capture it, or whether someone else does it for you.</strong></p><p>All of this leads us to a conclusion that goes beyond the financial. The change we&#8217;re witnessing isn&#8217;t technical, it&#8217;s cultural. It&#8217;s the move from an employee mindset to an owner mindset. It&#8217;s leaving behind thinking in terms of linear income to start thinking in terms of capital allocation, strategic positioning, systemic understanding. We need to raise individuals who don&#8217;t just take part in the system but understand it &#8212; who are capable of reading <em>weak signals</em>, of anticipating moves, and of making informed decisions in complex environments. Individuals who see money not as an end in itself, but as a dynamic system of relationships that&#8217;s constantly evolving.</p><p>This means teaching concepts like value, <em>compound growth</em>, and volatility from early on, but it also demands something much harder: <strong>teaching kids to hold a long-term vision in an environment engineered for instant gratification.</strong> Teaching them to wait when everything invites them to react, to build when everything incentivizes consumption, to think when everything pushes them to execute without reflection. It&#8217;s at this point that emotional intelligence becomes as important as financial intelligence, because no strategy, however sophisticated, survives if the person running it can&#8217;t sustain it over time. <strong>Without emotional control, no strategy survives.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pN_G!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pN_G!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pN_G!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pN_G!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pN_G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pN_G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png" width="1408" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1408,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pN_G!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pN_G!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pN_G!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pN_G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1afaffcc-24f0-4118-af45-b67bd5c4889b_1408x768.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Map We Choose to Hand Down</strong></h3><p>The final question isn&#8217;t financial, it&#8217;s cultural &#8212; because it forces us to look beyond money and ask ourselves honestly <strong>what kind of humans we&#8217;re raising in a world where money stopped being static and became an </strong><em><strong>intelligent, autonomous, constantly evolving system</strong></em><strong>.</strong> It&#8217;s not a comfortable question, because deep down it exposes us as the hinge generation, that in-between point that received a map that worked but now carries the responsibility of handing it down updated for a territory that no longer responds to the same rules.</p><p>The problem isn&#8217;t in the past, nor in what we were taught, because that model was right in its time. The problem is that <strong>the environment changed faster than the narratives that explained it</strong>, and we keep passing on those narratives as if they were still enough. It&#8217;s in that lag where everything is decided, because when we hand down an outdated map, we don&#8217;t just confuse &#8212; we also limit. This isn&#8217;t a minor error; it&#8217;s a decision that shapes how our kids are going to interpret the world.</p><p>If we keep teaching the old paradigm (you have to save), we aren&#8217;t being prudent &#8212; we&#8217;re being blind to change. <strong>We&#8217;re preparing our kids to navigate a territory that no longer exists</strong>, a world where money could sit still, where linear effort built stability, and where time rewarded whoever simply knew how to wait. That world didn&#8217;t vanish all at once; it dissolved slowly, and in that process many never noticed.</p><p>But if we decide to update the map, then what we hand down stops being merely a financial tool and becomes something far more powerful. <strong>We give them the ability to read systems</strong>, to understand invisible dynamics, to recognize patterns before they become obvious. We give them the possibility of acting with intention, not from reaction, and of building their own relationship with money &#8212; not from fear, but from understanding. <strong>Because deep down, this was never just about money &#8212; it&#8217;s about preparing them to be free.</strong></p><p>It&#8217;s about <strong>gaining degrees of autonomy in a system that tends to capture whoever doesn&#8217;t understand it</strong>, about being able to make decisions without being fully hostage to a single source of income, about being able to experiment, fail, and learn at stages where the cost is still manageable. It&#8217;s about breaking, once and for all, with the invisible inheritance of financial stress that marked entire generations.</p><p>That&#8217;s why it&#8217;s important to understand that <strong>investing early isn&#8217;t a privilege &#8212; it&#8217;s a form of literacy.</strong> It&#8217;s learning to read the language of the system our kids are already living in, even though many adults still don&#8217;t fully grasp it. It&#8217;s teaching them that money isn&#8217;t stored, it&#8217;s positioned; that it doesn&#8217;t accumulate by inertia, but moves with intention inside systems that amplify it.</p><p>But something even deeper happens when we teach this. We aren&#8217;t just teaching a skill &#8212; we&#8217;re activating a way of thinking. We&#8217;re changing the question that guides their lives. They&#8217;re going from asking themselves what job they&#8217;ll land, to asking themselves how they&#8217;ll build value, how they&#8217;ll allocate it, and how they&#8217;ll grow it inside systems that aren&#8217;t linear. That shift, subtle as it seems, completely redefines their relationship with the future.</p><p>A way of understanding that money is a dynamic system, that attention is an asset, that time isn&#8217;t something that passes but something that amplifies depending on how you use it, and that decisions, when they align with the right systems, can scale far beyond what individual effort would ever allow.</p><p>We need to explain to our kids that the future doesn&#8217;t wait, doesn&#8217;t pause for us to be ready, or for us to fully understand its rules. It advances, it reorganizes, it rewards those who take part and leaves behind those who stay static. In the middle of that constant movement, our kids aren&#8217;t watching from outside &#8212; <strong>they&#8217;re already inside the system.</strong></p><p>They&#8217;re already being shaped by it, already interacting with its dynamics, already handing over their time, their attention, and eventually their capital, even if they don&#8217;t call it that.</p><h4>The only question that really matters is whether they&#8217;ll arrive in that world with tools&#8230; or with obsolete instructions. That decision &#8212; despite all the technological complexity, despite the speed of change, despite the apparent inevitability of the system &#8212; is still ours.</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h2><p>This document is intended exclusively for <strong>informational, educational, and futurist-analysis purposes.</strong> <strong>It does not constitute financial advice, an investment solicitation, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or take part in any instrument, company, project, or asset.</strong></p><p>If anyone uses the content of this material to solicit money, investments, or economic participation, <strong>treat it immediately as a possible scam.</strong></p><p>Always protect your personal and financial information.</p><h3><strong>&#128302; Keep exploring FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-el-factor-friccion">El Factor Fricci&#243;n</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-los-negocios-aburridos">Los Negocios Aburridos</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-take-11-la-economia-del-no">La Econom&#237;a del No Tiempo</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[From Founder to Crybaby: What Nobody Tells You About Building a Company]]></title><description><![CDATA[Take 5 | The raw truth about building companies in Colombia]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/from-founder-to-crybaby-what-nobody</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/from-founder-to-crybaby-what-nobody</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:45:42 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png" width="1456" height="795" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:795,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVfI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b8063a4-c13b-4472-9745-82d8322be8be_2814x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Founders Cry Too&#8230;</strong></h3><p>Not long ago I got to sit on a podcast with a group of fellow founders, swapping war stories about life as entrepreneurs &#8212; and digging into why some of us on the panel decided to leave Colombia to look for horizons where our ideas could actually echo.</p><p>Before we wade into all that, let me be clear: this take <strong>is not a grievance list</strong> against Colombia, the country we love and the nation that gave us birth. Quite the opposite &#8212; what I&#8217;m putting on the table today is <strong>a reflection that invites us to find better paths for building new companies</strong>.</p><p>As a futurist, it matters that you understand the circumstances of each system. Colombia is a country with <strong>an immeasurable capacity for producing founders</strong>. I&#8217;ve always said it and I&#8217;ll stand by it here: <strong>in Colombia, entrepreneurs sprout up from under the rocks</strong>. The problem is the system &#8212; which, and this isn&#8217;t just because we currently have a socialist/communist government, has always been designed to serve the economy of the past and was never built for the opportunities the future offers.</p><p>Now, if the current continuity candidate wins the election, <strong>it will be the end of any form of entrepreneurship in Colombia</strong>. Or can anyone name me the great brands born out of more than 60 years of socialism in Cuba or North Korea, or the unicorns coming out of economies like Venezuela and Nicaragua?</p><p>For a lot of hot-headed folks, it&#8217;s easy to talk about <em>crybaby founders</em> from the comfort of speculation, with zero <em>data</em> to back up the argument. So I&#8217;ll build this piece on real evidence and drop the sources at the end, in case anyone&#8217;s curious and wants to go deeper.</p><p>Enough turning the screw &#8212; let&#8217;s get straight into what brings us here today.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUVW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUVW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUVW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUVW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUVW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUVW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png" width="1456" height="827" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:827,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUVW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUVW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUVW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUVW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27091a3d-fe9c-47c3-9cb4-1f5b927f48d6_2752x1564.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>My life as a founder has dragged me through every moment of truth in the brutal job of building companies. I can say without a shred of doubt that <strong>I&#8217;ve been an entrepreneur for as long as I can remember</strong>.</p><p>My first memories go way back, when I was barely a kid. My father had bought some gardening tools to keep up the tiny patch of yard at the house where we grew up, in the La Am&#233;rica neighborhood of Medell&#237;n. Those tools slept in a little storage nook under the stairs that climbed to the second floor of our house&#8230; And when I say they slept, I mean it literally: I almost never saw them used.</p><p>One day a gardener knocked on the door offering his services. My mother hired him, and soon it became routine. Every two or three weeks the man came to cut the little grass we had out front. Back then I figured it made no sense to keep tools locked away if nobody used them &#8212; and that&#8217;s how <strong>I decided to set up shop against &#8220;Don Pedro.&#8221;</strong></p><p>So I started offering to mow the lawns and yards of the neighbors on the block. I even put together a little crew of buddies, going house to house <strong>&#8220;buzzing the grass.&#8221;</strong> The reaction from the stuck-up crowd didn&#8217;t take long: the folks who thought they were a class above quickly nicknamed us <strong>&#8220;the street urchins,&#8221;</strong> the girls stopped saying hello to us, and plenty of parents forbade their kids from mixing with the riffraff.</p><p><strong>That&#8217;s where my rebellion against the system began.</strong> The truth is I couldn&#8217;t care less that they didn&#8217;t greet me &#8212; <strong>all I wanted was to make money.</strong></p><p>When I ran out of yards to mow on the edge of the neighborhood, I jumped from gardening into recycling glass and newspaper. I walked the whole neighborhood knocking on the doors of neighbors and acquaintances, asking them to hand over their old bottles and papers &#8212; and honestly, business was booming. I piled up mountains of the stuff. My mom nearly threw me out of the house over the stacks of sacks I had piling up in the living room. I was a recycling tycoon.</p><p>At the tender age of 15 I made the leap to my first official storefront: a snack bar inside a well-known sports arena in the city, where I sold sodas and snacks to the fans who came to watch their athletes on weekends. I lasted three years there &#8212; until they shut me down for being a minor and a &#8220;risk&#8221; to the sports organization. At least that was the excuse for handing my business over to some other character.</p><p>From selling sodas, my entrepreneurial curiosity took another turn. During my university days I opened a carpentry shop in my house&#8217;s garage, inspired by a friend (bless his soul) who trained me in the art of wood framing. That&#8217;s where one of my great passions was born: furniture design. But the framing days were so long and exhausting that they crashed straight into my studies, so I had to close the workshop and shelve that adventure for a while.</p><p>During my days as a framer-carpenter I met a Panamanian businessman who imported all-terrain bikes from China. This kind of bike was just starting to trend <em>(weak signals)</em>, which struck me as interesting. So <strong>I sank all my savings into bringing those bikes in from Panama</strong>, and I sold hundreds of them in just a couple of years. But the dream of becoming a big bike importer got cut short when a well-known businessman from Antioquia, with stores all over the country, went straight to my supplier to buy bikes and demanded market exclusivity. That day, my adventure in that industry was over.</p><p>As a university student I joined the underwater activities club at the Universidad Nacional in Medell&#237;n to practice another of my great passions: diving. Once again I blew what little savings I had left on the adventure. I got so hooked that, guided by a great friend and mentor, I traveled to the United States to certify as a dive instructor at a famous institute down in South Florida. I went from feeling like <em>Cochise Rodr&#237;guez</em> to a homegrown <em>Jacques Cousteau</em>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB3i!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB3i!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB3i!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB3i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB3i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB3i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB3i!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB3i!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB3i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB3i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff079a395-3fbf-4276-83fe-b4ed5a4709b7_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I landed in Miami for the first time at the ripe old age of 25, with a suitcase packed full of dreams. And honestly, <strong>the United States blew my mind</strong>: this country opened the doors of the world to me. I did everything legally to survive and earn my dive-instructor license. In that market I felt that the barriers I&#8217;d once hit in Colombia simply didn&#8217;t exist here. Back home, building a company was like racing cars in <em>NASCAR</em>; but in this country I had the whole track to myself. I never got a &#8220;no&#8221; or a &#8220;can&#8217;t be done&#8221; from the businesspeople who gave me the chance to work with them &#8212; on the contrary, every time I spotted a business opportunity, the answer was &#8220;go for it!&#8221; I spent a couple of years there, mostly dedicated to studying.</p><p>Once I got my instructor certification, I decided to head back to Colombia with the dream of opening my first dive school. And so it happened &#8212; <strong>against all odds, with no capital, no godfathers, and a whole lot of guts</strong> &#8212; <em>Acqualand</em> was born, the first dive school in the El Poblado neighborhood of Medell&#237;n. But as usual, the critics showed up right on cue. The old guard of Medell&#237;n diving said they&#8217;d made me an instructor in six months, that I had no experience; they blocked my access to the pools, wouldn&#8217;t fill my tanks &#8212; in short, so many hoops to jump through that today they&#8217;re just anecdotes. Those were years of hard work and also of prosperity. Diving gave me everything: money, great friends, and even the family I have today. I became a &#8220;quasi-surfer&#8221; with rich-guy airs; as a dive instructor I met Colombia&#8217;s most powerful people, on all sides of the fence. But over time, after so much abundance, I felt something was missing. I didn&#8217;t want to spend my golden years teaching diving, so I decided to fill that void with more academia.</p><p>I sold everything I owned &#8212; car, gear &#8212; and even ended a marriage that wasn&#8217;t making me happy, and I enrolled at the Universidad de Antioquia to study Anthropology. The Social Sciences knocked me flat on my belly and opened up a world of new possibilities. Along those lines, and together with two great friends (former dive students), I founded my first tech company, way back in the dawn of the so-called dot-com bubble: <em>Ideas Avanzadas</em>. Inspired by the analytical models of anthropology, we built <em>grite.com</em>, the first online survey service, in 1999 &#8212; when <em>SurveyMonkey</em> wasn&#8217;t even a glimmer in anyone&#8217;s eye.</p><p>We made hundreds of pitches to investors, but no incubator believed in us, no fund cared. Nobody would bet a peso on the project, because running online surveys in 1999 went against the <em>status quo</em>. We were 10 years ahead of the industry &#8212; at the time we were the best example of what <em>weak signals</em> really mean.</p><p>In 2001 I requested a meeting with the CEO of <em>AOL/DMS (America Online &#8212; Digital Marketing Services)</em> and flew to Dallas to make my first investor pitch abroad. I traveled with my current wife, the bedrock and emotional <em>sponsor</em> of my business adventures. I have to confess that before walking into the room I was scared out of my mind, a bit poisoned by all the rejection the idea had racked up in Colombia. But the surprise couldn&#8217;t have been bigger: I found an audience that listened with infinite attention and respect. Sure, they asked the tough questions &#8212; but always in a warm tone. That day I walked out of the <em>AOL</em> boardroom with an <em>LOI</em> (letter of intent) to acquire 40% of <em>Ideas Avanzadas &#8212; IA</em> and use it as the spearhead to expand <em>DMS</em> across <em>LATAM</em>. The celebration was short-lived, because that same week the Twin Towers attacks happened and the deal went to hell for a while.</p><p>After battling for months, we managed to salvage the initiative, but the operation to acquire a piece of <em>IA</em> ended up moving to Bogot&#225;, since AOL had bought a well-known media outlet in the capital. To this day, in the year 2026, we&#8217;re still waiting for our dear Colombian partners to pay us our stake in the deal.</p><p><em>IA</em> was my first serious setback. I was left with nothing &#8212; as we say in Medell&#237;n, we were left riding on the rims. Shortly after such a wipeout, a security company offered me a job in Brazil, and of course I took it. I saw the chance to work a couple of years in that country of wonderful culture and nature &#8212; until the entrepreneurship bug bit me again.</p><p>I split off from that company and opened up a franchise for a North American industrial degreaser company in S&#227;o Paulo, alongside three local partners &#8212; <em>huge</em> mistake. <strong>If building a company in Colombia is hard, in Brazil it&#8217;s practically impossible.</strong> I spent two years fighting against corruption, bureaucracy, and institutions that simply don&#8217;t function. There I understood that Brazil is really two countries: the country of the businesspeople and the country of the politicians. Two polar opposites &#8212; and Colombia, sadly, isn&#8217;t far off from the same comparison.</p><p>Once again I was left riding on the rims, and I had to scrape together frequent-flyer miles just to get back home&#8230;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKt0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKt0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKt0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKt0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKt0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKt0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png" width="1456" height="1040" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1040,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKt0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKt0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKt0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKt0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0077a2d-14e3-4cde-96bf-07dd6c934f4d_2420x1728.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Self-esteem in pieces but with <strong>the heart of a founder intact, I pressed on</strong>. In 2009 I took the leap again, riding the boom in &#8220;minute selling&#8221; (yes &#8212; the business of renting out a phone to make calls).</p><p>I noticed that the practice was getting more and more popular (a weak signal <em>in crescendo</em>), and I remembered that back in S&#227;o Paulo I&#8217;d met the CEO of a South African company that specialized in formalizing that exact business. I made some calls, set up meetings, and flew to <em>Cape Town</em> to meet with representatives of the owners &#8212; a company belonging to the <em>De Beers</em> family, one of the biggest players in the world&#8217;s diamond business. I came back to Colombia with the first license to operate community mobile telephony (truth is, they gave me a license for five countries). <em>Psitek Andina</em> was born &#8212; or <em>Red Minuto</em>, as it would later be known in the market. On paper, it was the perfect business.</p><p>But having a beautiful business on paper is one thing, and operating it is another. When it came time to launch operations, things turned ugly fast. The Colombian State&#8217;s bureaucratic hurdles for the business were brutal. The red tape was endless: you need a license for a cable, you have to certify a device, you have to pull a permit for an antenna, you have to pay a stamp fee, the seal has to come recommended, the lawyer has to review the commas, and on and on.</p><p><em>Red Minuto</em> was the country&#8217;s first <em><strong>MVNO</strong></em>, and to push the idea forward I met with ministers, senators, business leaders, and even the lady who served the coffee in those institutions. But the answer everyone was really fishing for, in unison, was: <em>&#8220;and what&#8217;s in it for me?&#8221;</em> &#8212; the famous WIIFM.</p><p>One of the challenges we had to solve was presenting an <em>MVP &#8212; Minimum Viable Product</em>, so we set up a small Data Center in downtown Medell&#237;n, in an office my in-laws lent me across from the Camino Real Shopping Center. I went into debt down to the last available cent on my credit cards, on top of the loans from a few stubborn souls who trusted me. I knocked on every door of the country&#8217;s cellphone operators. But nobody seemed interested; many executives at those companies said my proposal would kill calling cards (which, by the way, were already dead by then). But through sheer insisting, resisting, and persisting, a Spanish executive at Movistar they called Chemas understood the signals of the business and believed in it from day one. Thank you, Chemas, wherever you are!</p><p>So we started running tests. We installed stations in Medell&#237;n and Bogot&#225;. The technology worked perfectly. We had a market opportunity worth 35 million dollars in the first year alone. But for every step forward, we took two steps back. Until we hit the impassable roadblock: interconnection prices and the near-monopolistic market dominance of Claro. The rates we had with that company forced us to work at a virtual loss, and only Claro could fix it. After hundreds of hours of endless lobbying, they gave us the classic line: <em>&#8220;don&#8217;t call us, we&#8217;ll call you.&#8221;</em> We waited a year and a half for the call that never came. <em>Red Minuto</em> had to shut down.</p><p>Once again, with our tails between our legs, we liquidated what little was left to pay off the debts.</p><p>Not a dime in my pocket, and the only things I had left were my education and my experience as a founder.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3Va!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3Va!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3Va!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3Va!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3Va!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3Va!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3Va!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3Va!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3Va!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3Va!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5c168dc1-0a55-446c-9630-d4dbda730929_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>During a trip to Cape Town back in 2009, I took the chance to go <em>cage diving</em> with great white sharks, a common activity down there. August is winter at those latitudes, and only a handful of crazies would think to dive in that cold &#8212; so on the boat there were just two lunatics: me and a Japanese guy who didn&#8217;t mutter a single word on the way out. We reached the dive site, geared up, and got in the water, and before long two enormous great whites showed up, each the size of a bus. It was a fascinating experience.</p><p>Coming out of the water, the once-mute Japanese man transformed into a chatterbox. He started talking nonstop the whole ride back, like a man who&#8217;d just been mugged. Between laughs he told me he was the CEO of <em>Microsoft Research</em>. I thought: &#8220;If the sharks had eaten him, it would&#8217;ve been on every news channel. Me, on the other hand &#8212; nobody would&#8217;ve even missed me.&#8221;</p><p>I did the same and told him I was an anthropologist, that I worked in technology, and that I was in South Africa on a business trip. When we got to port we went for food and a few beers, striking up a friendship that still lasts to this day. Between one beer and the next, he told me: &#8220;if you ever feel like working for Microsoft, get in touch &#8212; I can throw some projects your way.&#8221;</p><p>So, after the failure of <em><strong>Red Minuto</strong></em>, I called my friend Kentaro. And that&#8217;s how <em><strong>Xcouter</strong></em> was born, the company that has put food on my table ever since.</p><p>But why drag all this narration into the presentation? The goal is one and only one: to show you there&#8217;s no such thing as the crybaby founder, the victim, the way some people like to paint it. When you play the victim, you tend to pin the blame for your failures on everyone else &#8212; and if there&#8217;s one thing I&#8217;m clear on after decades of building companies, it&#8217;s that all my defeats were my own responsibility. And despite everything I suffered, I never felt like a loser; I always turned what I learned into working capital. Now, that it&#8217;s easier to build a business in some places than in others is a plain fist-to-the-table truth that can&#8217;t be denied. Looking for the best conditions to develop your creativity and enterprise isn&#8217;t a matter of being a crybaby or not &#8212; it&#8217;s a matter of survival.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KrE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KrE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KrE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KrE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KrE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KrE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png" width="1456" height="896" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:896,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KrE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KrE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KrE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7KrE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06b086bd-a011-462f-911e-d6a45232cd00_2600x1600.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>What the Data Says</strong></h3><p>Colombia is hard for founders <strong>not because it lacks entrepreneurial spirit</strong>, but because <strong>the country makes the jump from starting a business to scaling it unusually complex</strong>.</p><p>The <em>GEM</em> reports show that in 2023 nearly one in four adults in Colombia was starting or running a new business, but only one in 30 had a consolidated company. <em>GEM</em> points out that consolidating a company means clearing <em><strong>&#8220;serious obstacles.&#8221;</strong></em> The score for the entrepreneurial environment fell to 4.1 (ranked 37th of 49), and <em>WIPO</em> placed Colombia 61st in the 2024 Global Innovation Index.</p><p><strong>The central point is clear: Colombia generates founders; the United States generates scale.</strong> Colombia has energy. The United States has deep capital, innovation infrastructure, and a system that turns <em>startups</em> into durable companies.</p><p><strong>Colombia&#8217;s problem is systemic.</strong> If you want, call me a <em>systemic crybaby</em>.</p><p><strong>The main roadblocks for founders in Colombia</strong></p><p><em><strong>Informality</strong></em>: 56% of employment and 77% of microbusinesses operate informally (OECD 2019&#8211;2022). The formal ones compete at a disadvantage.</p><p><em><strong>High, complex tax burden</strong></em>: A corporate rate of 35% (vs. the 23% OECD average).</p><p><em><strong>Financing gap</strong></em>: Only 15.3% of microbusinesses can access credit.</p><p><em><strong>Administrative burden</strong></em>: The digital one-stop window still doesn&#8217;t cover the whole country.</p><p><em><strong>Infrastructure and logistics</strong></em>: High costs that make scaling difficult.</p><p><em><strong>Weak entrepreneurial education</strong></em>: The worst-rated in <em>GEM</em>. Necessity-driven entrepreneurship dominates.</p><p><strong>Why is it harder to build a company in Colombia than in the U.S.?</strong></p><p>In the United States the challenge is <strong>to compete and scale</strong>. <strong>In Colombia the challenge is to survive the system + compete + scale.</strong></p><p><strong>Why are some of us founders crybabies?</strong></p><p><strong>It&#8217;s not for lack of drive.</strong> It&#8217;s because of everything the system lacks to turn that drive into big companies that export and generate quality jobs.</p><p>In my humble opinion as a <em>crybaby founder</em>, I believe <strong>Colombia doesn&#8217;t need more incentives to launch startups, more people making jams and pickles.</strong> <strong>It needs to redesign the system so companies can emerge on solid foundations that survive and can scale.</strong></p><p><strong>The root problem is the systemic friction accumulated over decades:</strong> you maximize the entry of new businesses, but you penalize their growth. The Colombian company-building system <strong>lets you be born, but the very conditions of that system won&#8217;t let you fly.</strong></p><p>To change this, we have to keep crying until the establishment focuses on building at least the following <strong>strategic levers</strong>:</p><p><strong>Smart formalization (attacking the root)</strong></p><p><em>A progressive, phased tax regime</em> (a &#8220;<em>startup tax ladder</em>&#8220;): minimal burden for the first 2 years and a gradual increase afterward.</p><p><strong>Impact</strong>: more early formalization and less unfair competition.</p><p><strong>Credit as infrastructure</strong></p><p><em>Alternative scoring</em> based on real data, <em>massive guarantee funds</em>, and <em>open APIs</em> for <em>fintechs</em>.</p><p><strong>Impact</strong>: democratize credit and shrink the valley of death.</p><p><strong>Radical simplification of the operating system</strong></p><p><em>A national one-stop window</em>, 100% digital, that actually works in every municipality. A single flow for registration, taxes, and social security.</p><p><strong>Impact</strong>: drastically cut the time and cost of formalization.</p><p><strong>Infrastructure to scale</strong></p><p><em>Priority logistics corridors</em>, temporary subsidies for exporting SMEs, and digitization of supply chains.</p><p><strong>Impact</strong>: reduce costs and enable regional and international expansion.</p><p><strong>Re-engineering entrepreneurial talent</strong></p><p><em>Mandatory entrepreneurial education</em> starting in school, <em>scale-up programs</em> (not just incubation), and real alliances between universities and industry.</p><p><strong>Impact</strong>: shift from necessity-driven entrepreneurship to high-value entrepreneurship, innovation, and exports.</p><p>Now, comparing Colombia to the United States is a bit unfair and lopsided. To make the debate more balanced, let&#8217;s look at the neighborhood to see how we stack up against our backyard competitors. I invite you to study the following table:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6jC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6jC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6jC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6jC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6jC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6jC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png" width="1220" height="702" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:702,&quot;width&quot;:1220,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6jC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6jC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6jC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6jC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44853b53-67bd-4e5e-bc68-486d3bde8a15_1220x702.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>LATAM: Plenty of Energy, Little Conversion</strong></h3><p>The table above reveals something that, for those of us who&#8217;ve lived entrepreneurship in the region, is no surprise &#8212; but it does expose structural problems. <em><strong>LATAM doesn&#8217;t have an entrepreneurship problem; it has a problem turning entrepreneurship into scalable companies.</strong></em></p><p>Colombia (~25% TEA), Chile (~30%), Brazil (&gt;25%), and Peru all post high indicators, showing a clear pattern: <strong>the region produces founders en masse.</strong> This is no trivial matter. From my anthropological perspective, the data is telling me about highly adaptive societies, where the individual responds to uncertainty with their own initiative. It&#8217;s what <em>Harari</em> would call a cultural capacity to reorganize reality in the face of scarcity.</p><p>But here&#8217;s the fracture that brings the tears to my eyes: <strong>high creation doesn&#8217;t mean high consolidation.</strong></p><p>Colombia, for example, combines a high TEA with a low innovation index (61st) &#8212; lots of jam factories and very few disruptive innovation efforts. The reading is clear: <em>high activity, low consolidation</em>. Brazil replicates the pattern: lots of activity, a weak ecosystem. Peru shows more formalization, but falls even further in innovation (75th). Mexico, on the other hand, can&#8217;t even sustain entrepreneurial dynamism.</p><p>This leads us to a first conclusion. <em><strong>LATAM is a factory of attempts, not of consolidated results &#8212; and that&#8217;s where we differ from the United States.</strong></em></p><h3><strong>Chile: The Relative Exception</strong></h3><p>Chile shows up as the most balanced system in the region. It keeps a high TEA while improving its position in innovation (51st) and in the quality of its ecosystem. This doesn&#8217;t mean Chile has solved the problem, but it has advanced on something critical: <strong>reducing systemic friction.</strong></p><p>Programs like <em>Start-Up Chile</em>, clearer regulatory frameworks, and better access to capital have kept entrepreneurship from staying stuck at mere intention. Chile doesn&#8217;t have more talent than the rest of LATAM. <strong>It has better conditions for that talent to survive.</strong></p><h3><strong>The United States: The Structural Contrast</strong></h3><p>The contrast with the United States is brutal and revealing. A lower TEA (19%), but:</p><p>A better GEM environment (4.8 / 16)</p><p>Top 3 in global innovation</p><p><strong>Fewer founders, but more real companies, more scaling&#8230;</strong> This shatters <em>LATAM&#8217;s</em> central myth: <strong>the one that says we need more people starting businesses.</strong></p><p>The truth is no, we don&#8217;t need more people starting businesses. <strong>We need better systems to scale the entrepreneurship that already sprouts up from under the rocks &#8212; and if that makes us crybabies, then I&#8217;ll keep crying until the people in charge of policy finally get the message.</strong></p><p>The United States doesn&#8217;t beat us because its people try harder, but because the system converts better &#8212; <em>capisce!</em></p><p>Capital, infrastructure, a homogeneous market, functional institutions&#8230; everything converges on a single point: <strong>lowering the cost and friction of scaling.</strong></p><h3><strong>The Crybaby Paradox</strong></h3><p>If we connect all the dots, a deep paradox emerges: <strong>LATAM is one of the most entrepreneurial regions in the world&#8230; and at the same time one of the least efficient at creating durable companies.</strong></p><p>This produces an invisible but critical phenomenon:</p><p>High human burnout</p><p>Low structural productivity</p><p>Fragmented innovation</p><p>Talent flight (as my own story proves)</p><p>Through <em>Toffler&#8217;s</em> logic, LATAM is trapped between two waves:</p><p>An incomplete industrial economy</p><p>A poorly implemented knowledge economy</p><p>And in that in-between space, the founder is left exposed.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!znq7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!znq7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!znq7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!znq7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!znq7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!znq7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/df1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!znq7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!znq7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!znq7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!znq7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf1ae3ac-323e-410e-bc1e-3b67e7d2730a_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>I Don&#8217;t Cry for Sport, I Cry for What Could Be</strong></h3><p>After telling you part of my story &#8212; from the street urchin buzzing lawns in the La Am&#233;rica neighborhood to founding <em><strong>Xcouter.com and SmartHOS.io</strong></em>, passing through failures that left me penniless &#8212; I&#8217;m not here to play the victim. <strong>I am not a crybaby founder.</strong> I&#8217;m a founder who got tired of slamming into the same wall over and over again.</p><p>Colombia has <strong>a brutal entrepreneurial energy</strong>. Founders spring up in every corner of the country. There&#8217;s grit, creativity, and drive to spare. The problem isn&#8217;t the people. <strong>The problem is the system</strong>: a system designed to let you be born, but not to let you fly. A system that rewards informality, punishes growth, drowns you in paperwork, and forces you to survive instead of scale.</p><p>I&#8217;ve lived in my own flesh what the data from <em>GEM</em>, the <em>OECD</em>, and <em>WIPO</em> says. I&#8217;ve felt informality in my own pockets &#8212; the lack of credit, the bureaucracy, and the &#8220;what&#8217;s in it for me.&#8221; And yes, I&#8217;ve also seen what happens when you cross the border: suddenly the same effort pays off ten times more. Not because I&#8217;m smarter, but because the ecosystem lets you breathe.</p><p><strong>This isn&#8217;t about abandoning Colombia.</strong> It&#8217;s about refusing to romanticize a system that punishes anyone who wants to grow. We don&#8217;t need more motivational speeches or more incubators celebrating pretty failure. We need to <strong>change the rules of the game</strong>: smart formalization, real credit, radical simplification, infrastructure to scale, and education that produces high-value founders, not just survivors.</p><p>If Colombia wants to stop exporting talent and start retaining it, the change can&#8217;t be cosmetic. It has to be structural. Because as long as we keep maximizing the entry of new businesses and penalizing their growth, we&#8217;ll keep producing microbusinesses that never take off and founders who, sooner or later, end up looking abroad.</p><p>I&#8217;ve already made my decision. <strong>I left so I could fly.</strong> But I still believe, with all the grit I have left, that Colombia can be a great country to build in. All that&#8217;s missing is for the system to stop putting up roadblocks and start giving us wings.</p><p>To those who stay and keep fighting from the inside: respect and admiration.</p><p>To those who, like me, chose to look for other horizons: may it go well for us &#8212; but may we never lose the hope of one day seeing a Colombia where we don&#8217;t have to choose between staying and growing.</p><p><strong>The future isn&#8217;t cried into being. It&#8217;s built with less speech and more sweat.</strong> May we build it together, without so much systemic weeping.</p><h4>Meanwhile, I&#8217;ll keep singing to the sun like the cicada&#8230; so many times they killed me, so many times I died, yet here I am rising again, giving thanks to misfortune and to the dagger-wielding hand that killed me so badly it kept me singing!</h4><h4>**Sources</h4><p>SUPPORTING ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANALYSIS**</p><h5>1. Empirical Core &#8212; Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (Reality Base)</h5><p><em>(This is where the hard evidence lives. What isn&#8217;t up for debate gets measured.)</em></p><p><strong>Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)</strong></p><p>Colombia Profile</p><p><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/country-profile/52">https://www.gemconsortium.org/country-profile/52</a></p><p><strong>Data used:</strong></p><p>Total early-stage entrepreneurial activity rate (<em>TEA</em>), proportion of established businesses, motivation (<em>necessity vs. opportunity</em>), ecosystem score (<em>EFC</em>), global GEM ranking</p><p>United States Profile</p><p><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/country-profile/122">https://www.gemconsortium.org/country-profile/122</a></p><p><strong>Data used:</strong></p><p>Entrepreneurial environment score (<em>EFC</em>), structural TEA comparison vs. Colombia</p><h5>2. Innovation System &#8212; Scaling Capacity (Future Indicator)</h5><p><em>(Here we measure who can turn energy into progress.)</em></p><p><strong>World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)</strong></p><p><em>Global Innovation Index 2024</em></p><p><a href="https://www.wipo.int/en/web/global-innovation-index/2024/index">https://www.wipo.int/en/web/global-innovation-index/2024/index</a></p><p><strong>Data used:</strong></p><p>Global innovation ranking (Colombia, U.S., Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Peru)</p><h5>3. Systemic Infrastructure &#8212; Structural Constraints (What Holds the System Back)</h5><p><em>(Here is the invisible friction: where good ideas go to die.)</em></p><p><strong>OECD &#8211; Economic Survey of Colombia 2024</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2024/09/oecd-economic-surveys-colombia-2024_7b382d76/a1a22cd6-en.pdf">https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2024/09/oecd-economic-surveys-colombia-2024_7b382d76/a1a22cd6-en.pdf</a></p><p><strong>Data used:</strong></p><p>Labor informality (~56%), infrastructure quality, institutional environment, structural limitations of the ecosystem</p><p><strong>OECD &#8211; Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2026 (Colombia)</strong></p><p><strong>Data used:</strong></p><p>Access to credit (micro vs. medium-sized companies), banking concentration (&gt;70%), business informality (~77% of microbusinesses)</p><h5>4. Business Dynamics &#8212; Conversion to Formality (The Scaling Pipeline)</h5><p><em>(Here we see whether the system converts intention into a real company.)</em></p><p><strong>World Bank &#8211; Entrepreneurship Database</strong> <em>(via Trading Economics)</em></p><p><a href="https://tradingeconomics.com/colombia/new-business-density">https://tradingeconomics.com/colombia/new-business-density</a></p><p><strong>Data used:</strong></p><p>New business density (Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Peru)</p><h5>5. Strategic Framework &#8212; Interpretation and Action (Cognitive Layer)</h5><p><em>(Here lives the &#8220;how to think,&#8221; not the &#8220;what to measure.&#8221;)</em></p><p><strong>McGrath, Michael E.</strong> &#8211; <em>Product Strategy for High Technology Companies</em></p><p>&#8594; Scalability, differentiation, and growth architecture</p><p><strong>Li, Charlene &amp; Solis, Brian</strong> &#8211; <em>The Seven Success Factors of Social Business Strategy</em></p><p>&#8594; Organizational alignment, execution, and resources</p><p><strong>McKeown, Max</strong> &#8211; <em>The Strategy Book</em></p><p>&#8594; Strategic fundamentals and environmental analysis</p><p><strong>Hillen, John</strong> &#8211; <em>The Strategy Dialogues</em></p><p>&#8594; Decision-making in complex contexts</p><p><strong>Godin, Seth</strong> &#8211; <em>This Is Strategy</em></p><p>&#8594; Systemic view of markets and positioning</p><p><strong>Whitehead, Jo</strong> &#8211; <em>What You Need to Know About Strategy</em></p><p>&#8594; Operational definition of strategy and decision logic</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h2><p>This document is intended exclusively for <strong>informational, educational, and futurist-analysis purposes</strong>. <strong>It does not constitute financial advice, nor a solicitation to invest, nor a recommendation to buy, sell, or participate in any instrument, company, project, or asset.</strong></p><p>If anyone uses the content of this material to solicit money, investments, or economic participation, <strong>consider it immediately a possible scam.</strong></p><p>Always protect your personal and financial information.</p><h3><strong>&#128302; Keep exploring FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-space-coast-colombia">Space Coast Colombia</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-9-que-pasaria-si-colombia">What If Colombia Had a Thanksgiving Day</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Learn to Read the Weak Signals]]></title><description><![CDATA[Take 4 | How to Build the Superpower of Anticipation in the Age of the Followers...]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/learn-to-read-the-weak-signals</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/learn-to-read-the-weak-signals</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:45:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kAbk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24953b85-fdc6-473c-9f7b-f6dbb6839fc0_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A couple of years ago I heard <em><strong>Hern&#225;n Jaramillo</strong></em>, founder of <em><strong>10 AM</strong></em>, talking about <em><strong>Palantir</strong></em>. At first I barely paid attention; I figured the stock market wasn&#8217;t for me, I saw it as a thing for old-timers sipping coffee at the Bar Ganadero downtown in Medell&#237;n. Besides, I was deep in the weeds mining <em><strong>Bitcoin</strong></em> (<em><strong>BTC</strong></em>), and anything that wasn&#8217;t <em><strong>BTC</strong></em> struck me as a waste of time.</p><p>I remember it well: back then <em><strong>Palantir</strong></em> shares were trading somewhere between 16 and 20 dollars, a world away from the price of <em><strong>BTC</strong></em>. To my surprise, weeks later I started watching <em><strong>Palantir</strong></em> grow and grow like foam. While that was happening, I watched the members of the <em><strong>10 AM</strong></em> chat buy <em><strong>Tesla</strong></em> as if the shares were going to run out tomorrow. It was only when I saw <em><strong>Solana</strong></em> climb after the <em><strong>FTX</strong></em> disaster &#8212; rising from $6 to $20, $40, and on up to prices that had seemed unthinkable &#8212; that I finally started to wise up.</p><p><strong>With that scene playing out in the background, I began to ask myself: how do they do it? What do they see that I don&#8217;t? What do the people at </strong><em><strong>10 AM</strong></em><strong> have that lets them read which stocks or cryptos will grow over time until they hit returns of 10X or more?</strong></p><p>At the time it felt paradoxical. I make my living from <em><strong>futurism</strong></em> (<strong>foresight</strong>), and I found myself questioning it hard, because the &#8220;future&#8221; is the field of knowledge that puts food on my table. It seems only logical that, if I spend my days spotting emerging signals, I should know how these characters figure out where to put their money and pull off incredible returns.</p><p>For this and other reasons I wanted to get a closer look at how the minds of my conversation partners actually work, so I set myself the task of going a little deeper into the craft of learning to read the signals.</p><p><strong>Futurism has long been thought of as the disciplined application of resources toward clearly defined goals under conditions of relative stability.</strong> Yet in an era defined by accelerating technological change, shifting consumer behavior, and systemic uncertainty, <strong>the traditional model is simply not enough</strong>. The future no longer arrives as a linear extension of the past; on the contrary, <strong>it emerges discontinuously</strong>, often out of phenomena that at first look insignificant, fragmented, even irrelevant.</p><p><strong>These early, invisible, ambiguous, and usually unnoticed manifestations of change are what some experts call &#8220;</strong><em><strong>Weak Signals</strong></em><strong>.&#8221;</strong> Please don&#8217;t get confused: <em>weak signals</em> are not trends, they are not fully formed or consolidated opportunities or threats. On the contrary, <strong>they are the precursors of transformation</strong>, the earliest detectable indicators of systemic variation, hiding under the structural rug of markets, technology, and society.</p><p>In this <strong>FUTOPIX</strong> we&#8217;ll explore the concept of <em><strong>&#8220;Weak Signals&#8221;</strong></em> in a little more depth, to place it squarely within the field of strategy. That&#8217;s why it matters to understand that <strong>weak signals are not a peripheral capability but a core function of the strategist</strong>; once you learn to spot and develop them, they become a source for decision-making and for building competitive advantage.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xxOd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8e1e12-958f-4fd4-91ab-61a7960758c1_2730x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xxOd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8e1e12-958f-4fd4-91ab-61a7960758c1_2730x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xxOd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8e1e12-958f-4fd4-91ab-61a7960758c1_2730x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xxOd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8e1e12-958f-4fd4-91ab-61a7960758c1_2730x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xxOd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8e1e12-958f-4fd4-91ab-61a7960758c1_2730x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xxOd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8e1e12-958f-4fd4-91ab-61a7960758c1_2730x1536.png" width="1456" height="819" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xxOd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8e1e12-958f-4fd4-91ab-61a7960758c1_2730x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xxOd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8e1e12-958f-4fd4-91ab-61a7960758c1_2730x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xxOd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8e1e12-958f-4fd4-91ab-61a7960758c1_2730x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Nature of Weak Signals</strong></h3><p><strong>Weak signals can be defined as early, low-intensity indicators of developments with significant potential to change the future.</strong> They are marked by their ambiguity, their lack of clear interpretation, and their appearance at the margins of the system, well before they surface at its center. Unlike trends &#8212; which are visible, measurable, and widely known &#8212; <strong>weak signals exist in a state of pre-consensus</strong>. They have not been validated by large-scale data, nor are they backed by a dominant narrative.</p><p><strong>Their position in the life cycle of change is critical.</strong> Transformations rarely emerge fully formed. Instead, they evolve in stages. At first, signals show up as isolated anomalies, unexpected consumer behaviors, applications at the bleeding edge of technology, or niche cultural shifts.</p><p><strong>For example</strong>, years ago the growing use of apps like <em>Musical.ly</em> (which later became <em>TikTok</em>) looked like teenagers goofing around lip-syncing to songs; for the average person it was just irrelevant noise. Take another case: the first experiments with plant-based proteins in food niches around 2015 looked like a marginal fad, but they were announcing the massive transformation of the food industry. In crypto, the resurgence of <em><strong>Solana</strong></em> right after the collapse of <em><strong>FTX</strong></em> &#8212; when few people trusted any alternative to <em><strong>Ethereum</strong></em> &#8212; was a <em>weak signal</em> that many of us ignored.</p><p><strong>Weak signals are something like the foam on a beer: they keep rising as the patterns that form them gain coherence, evolving until they turn into trends that will eventually reconfigure industries and write new rules for the market.</strong> The strategic implication is clear: <strong>by the time a trend is widely recognized, the window to gain an edge has already closed</strong>.</p><p><strong>Weak signals, therefore, occupy the most valuable and most challenging stage of this progression.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QHnA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QHnA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QHnA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QHnA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QHnA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QHnA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QHnA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QHnA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QHnA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QHnA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ce266d-cc2f-4571-aad8-aa6051d969f8_2730x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Strategic Importance of Weak Signals</strong></h3><p>The importance of <em>weak signals</em> lies not in their predictive precision but in their power to expand the range of strategic possibilities. Traditionally, strategic planning tries to reduce uncertainty by forecasting outcomes and committing resources accordingly. <em>Weak signals</em>, by contrast, embrace uncertainty as a source of opportunity. They let us identify emerging possibilities before they take definite shape, and in doing so, create options instead of commitments. <strong>It&#8217;s precisely this shift in logic &#8212; from reducing uncertainty to operating within it &#8212; that redefines the very nature of strategy.</strong></p><p>In high-uncertainty environments, the strategic goal stops being prediction and becomes positioning. When we lean only on established data and validated trends, we&#8217;re effectively competing in a known game, where advantages are incremental and often fleeting. <strong>But when we decide to operate on </strong><em><strong>weak signals</strong></em><strong>, we enter a different territory</strong>, one where the edge doesn&#8217;t come from executing better, but from seeing sooner. That&#8217;s where we gain access to <em>&#8220;privileged insights,&#8221;</em> born from understanding emerging dynamics that haven&#8217;t yet been shared or widely broadcast.</p><p>Such <em>insights</em> aren&#8217;t abstract; they translate into concrete advantages within the strategic game. <strong>From that anticipatory reading of the system</strong>, we unlock three forms of advantage: timing advantages, by acting before others (like the people who bought <em>Palantir or Tesla</em> early); narrative advantages, by shaping emerging markets before any consensus exists; and capital efficiencies, by investing little in the early stages through controlled experimentation rather than late, expensive commitments.</p><p>Despite the importance of these signals and the advantages they unlock, we have to admit that, as strategists, we sometimes fail to detect them and, above all, to act on them. <strong>Here is the central tension of the problem: understanding the value of </strong><em><strong>weak signals</strong></em><strong> doesn&#8217;t necessarily mean knowing how to operate them.</strong> These failures aren&#8217;t incidental; they&#8217;re rooted in our mental architecture, in the way we process information, and in the cultural frames from which we make decisions. The good news is that these aren&#8217;t fixed limitations but trainable capabilities, and so they can be reshaped if we approach them with intention (this is what some people at 10 AM do very well).</p><p>Cognitively, we tend to operate under a bias toward certainty. Our decision-making processes prioritize data that is measurable, validated, and aligned with existing models, because that reduces perceived risk. <strong>This is exactly where the friction with </strong><em><strong>weak signals</strong></em><strong> arises</strong>, because they, by definition, meet none of those criteria. They emerge in uncertainty, they live in the territory of the anecdotal, and they&#8217;re hard to quantify. Precisely for that reason, our minds discard them easily &#8212; not because they lack value, but because they don&#8217;t fit the filters we&#8217;ve been trained to make decisions with.</p><p>Structurally, this cognitive limitation gets amplified. We tend to organize information into compartments, creating mental silos that limit our ability to connect scattered signals. <strong>What we fail to integrate, we cannot interpret</strong>, and what we don&#8217;t interpret, we cannot act on. What shows up as isolated noise rarely becomes a pattern unless there&#8217;s a conscious effort to integrate it.</p><p>Culturally, on top of that, we tend to reward execution over exploration. We value whatever produces immediate, measurable, defensible results, while the uncertain, the emerging, and the unvalidated gets pushed aside. <strong>The result is a structural operational blindness: we optimize the present while making the future invisible.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QEnE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QEnE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QEnE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QEnE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QEnE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QEnE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QEnE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QEnE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QEnE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QEnE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76c94fd0-fcbe-472c-b26e-7855a38b3786_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>From Detection to Action</strong></h3><p><strong>To meet these challenges, as strategists we have to develop systematic approaches that let us detect and act on </strong><em><strong>weak signals</strong></em><strong>.</strong> The following <em>framework</em> has five interconnected stages: detection, amplification, interpretation, translation, and activation.</p><p><strong>Detection:</strong> This is the systematic gathering of signals from a range of sources &#8212; what <em>Hern&#225;n Jaramillo</em> calls an &#8220;<em>information diet</em>.&#8221; The goal is to maximize our exposure to the market&#8217;s anomalies.</p><p><strong>Amplification:</strong> We categorize, tag, and cluster the signals in order to spot emerging patterns. <strong>In anthropology we call this &#8220;recurrence,&#8221; and recurrence &#8212; even at low levels &#8212; is often the first indicator of emerging change in the system.</strong></p><p><strong>Interpretation:</strong> This is analyzing the trajectory, the potential impact, and the time horizon of the <em>weak signals</em> in order to build informed hypotheses from them.</p><p><strong>Translation:</strong> This is about turning <em>weak signals</em> into concrete actions for our own personal strategy.</p><p><strong>Activation:</strong> We turn the <em>insights</em> into small, effective, reversible actions. <strong>The goal is to learn to adapt, not to commit prematurely.</strong></p><h5><strong>Operationalizing </strong><em><strong>Weak Signals</strong></em></h5><p><strong>For </strong><em><strong>weak signals</strong></em><strong> to become a personal skill, we have to build them into our way of life instead of treating them as occasional initiatives.</strong> That requires dedicated structures, processes, and concrete practices woven into our daily routine.</p><p>It&#8217;s worth keeping in mind that to enter <em>signal-hunter</em> mode, you have to switch on the mental habits your mind needs to detect and act on <em>weak signals</em>. These mental habits should run with a certain degree of autonomy, free from the immediate pressure of hitting metrics, and they should draw on diverse perspectives &#8212; from strategic thinking to technological affinity to reading the context.</p><p>Regularly reviewing the information we consume is essential to keep the momentum and make sure the signals surface; the art of detecting <em>weak signals</em> is above all a process of watching your environment. Unlike traditional strategic planning cycles (annual or quarterly), <em>weak signals</em> demand higher-frequency monitoring: weekly or biweekly reviews to catch shifts and respond dynamically according to our interests.</p><p>We have to reward curiosity, experimentation, and the generation of <em>insights</em> as the engines of this process, even knowing that signals often come from uncertain terrain. Without that internal backing, it&#8217;s impossible to engage in detection at all, because we&#8217;ll perceive it as risky and unproductive.</p><p>Personal leadership plays a critical role here: we ourselves have to actively support and legitimize the exploration of <em>weak signals</em>. Becoming a signal hunter is a strategic asset.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nt-I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nt-I!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nt-I!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nt-I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nt-I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nt-I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png" width="1456" height="793" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:793,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nt-I!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nt-I!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nt-I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nt-I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42b4006-ddc2-4063-bfff-ab9afc31d659_2760x1504.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Payoff</strong></h3><p>When we truly develop the ability to read <em>weak signals</em>, we stop reacting to trends and become someone able to anticipate the system&#8217;s moves before they become obvious. But what really changes isn&#8217;t just our position in the market &#8212; <strong>it&#8217;s the way we inhabit reality</strong>. We stop depending on consensus, we stop waiting for validation, we stop moving only once everyone else has already arrived. We start operating in a different territory, a territory where the future doesn&#8217;t yet have a name, but already has a direction.</p><p>That&#8217;s where a difference appears that is anything but minor: <strong>not everyone in the system is playing the same game</strong>. Most people observe, confirm, and execute; a few detect, interpret, and act. The first group optimizes what already exists, the second takes part in building what&#8217;s emerging. <strong>Some arrive safe, others arrive early.</strong></p><p>In today&#8217;s economy &#8212; defined by speed, information overload, and constant disruption &#8212; <strong>the ability to hunt </strong><em><strong>weak signals</strong></em><strong> stops being an intellectual curiosity and becomes a critical competency</strong>. It&#8217;s no longer enough to be informed, no longer enough to understand trends, no longer enough to execute well. <strong>What makes the difference is the ability to see sooner, to hold ambiguity without collapsing, and to act without any guarantee.</strong></p><p>Because there&#8217;s an uncomfortable truth here that few are willing to accept: <strong>the future doesn&#8217;t reward whoever understands first, it rewards whoever moves first</strong>. Moving first means discomfort, it means doubt, it means exposing yourself without a net. It means operating without the backing of consensus, without clear metrics, without an established narrative. <strong>It means thinking and acting like a strategist, not like a follower.</strong></p><p>This is where the skill of <em>hunting weak signals</em> stops being optional. <strong>Not knowing how to read those signals in this environment isn&#8217;t a technical limitation, it&#8217;s a systemic vulnerability</strong>. It&#8217;s being trapped in cycles of reaction, depending on late decisions, competing in spaces where the advantage has already been captured by someone else. In other words, it&#8217;s always playing from behind &#8212; and from back there, it&#8217;s hard to reach 10X returns.</p><h5><strong>See Before You Act</strong></h5><p>Finally, I&#8217;d like to say that strategizing isn&#8217;t simply choosing where to compete, it&#8217;s understanding the evolving landscape in which we make decisions before that landscape is obvious to everyone. <em>Weak signals</em> are the earliest and most fragile expression of that system in transformation. They&#8217;re incomplete, ambiguous, often uncomfortable &#8212; but that&#8217;s precisely why they hold the greatest potential for advantage. <strong>Learning to detect them and, above all, to act on them is moving from reaction toward anticipation</strong>, it&#8217;s training a sensitivity that doesn&#8217;t rest on certainty, but on attention.</p><p>Because seeing <em>weak signals</em> isn&#8217;t a technical act, it&#8217;s an act of perceptual discipline. It&#8217;s consciously deciding to observe what others discard, to connect what looks unconnected, and to hold what doesn&#8217;t yet have form. <strong>It&#8217;s training the eye until the noise begins to reveal the structure.</strong></p><p>In the end, our job as strategists isn&#8217;t to respond to change, it&#8217;s to recognize it before it becomes obvious, and &#8212; more importantly still &#8212; to act while there isn&#8217;t yet enough evidence to justify acting. Because in that space, between what is barely emerging and what has yet to be validated, is where real advantages are built; this is the space where the 10X gets made.</p><p><em>Weak signals</em> don&#8217;t arrive as certainties, they arrive as discomfort, as a persistent hunch, as patterns that don&#8217;t quite fit. <strong>They are the future in its rawest, quietest, and easiest-to-ignore state</strong>. For that very reason, they&#8217;re the terrain where the ones who follow are separated from the ones who lead, which is why they cost us so much. We often think we&#8217;re the ones leading, but reality sometimes shows us that we&#8217;re only followers &#8212; that someone else is the one carrying the lamp that opens the path.</p><p>The invitation isn&#8217;t to understand <em>weak signals</em>, it&#8217;s to train them. Not to study them, but to practice them. <strong>Start observing differently, start questioning the obvious, start paying attention to what doesn&#8217;t fit</strong>; open your eyes to spot the nerd tinkering in a garage, the one playing with AI, the one who can read a whole industry &#8212; because that&#8217;s where something is changing.</p><p>In an economy like today&#8217;s, where time compresses and advantage is captured early, the difference between those who survive, those who compete, and those who build the future isn&#8217;t in the quantity of information they consume, but in its quality and their ability to read what hasn&#8217;t been explained yet.</p><h4><strong>Hunting weak signals isn&#8217;t an advantage, it&#8217;s a way of thinking, it&#8217;s a discipline, and increasingly, it&#8217;s a skill of economic supremacy.</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h2><p>This document is intended solely for <strong>informational, educational, and futures-analysis purposes</strong>. <strong>It does not constitute financial advice, an investment solicitation, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or participate in any instrument, company, project, or asset.</strong></p><p>If anyone uses the content of this material to solicit money, investments, or financial participation, <strong>treat it immediately as a possible scam</strong>.</p><p>Always protect your personal and financial information.</p><h3><strong>&#128302; Keep exploring FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-por-que-nos-cuesta-pensar">Why We Struggle to Think Big</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/gaia-2100-del-homo-sapiens-al-homo">GAIA 2100, From Homo Sapiens to Homo Humanoides</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-4">Designing the Future from the Future</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Context Is the New Operating System]]></title><description><![CDATA[Take 3 | How Context Design Became the Backbone of Agentic AI Architectures]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/context-is-the-new-operating-system</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/context-is-the-new-operating-system</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:44:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D4mM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31109af2-e119-4f1e-9571-e4efb56060b8_4294x2432.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D4mM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31109af2-e119-4f1e-9571-e4efb56060b8_4294x2432.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D4mM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31109af2-e119-4f1e-9571-e4efb56060b8_4294x2432.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D4mM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31109af2-e119-4f1e-9571-e4efb56060b8_4294x2432.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D4mM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31109af2-e119-4f1e-9571-e4efb56060b8_4294x2432.png 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/31109af2-e119-4f1e-9571-e4efb56060b8_4294x2432.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:825,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D4mM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31109af2-e119-4f1e-9571-e4efb56060b8_4294x2432.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D4mM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31109af2-e119-4f1e-9571-e4efb56060b8_4294x2432.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D4mM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31109af2-e119-4f1e-9571-e4efb56060b8_4294x2432.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D4mM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31109af2-e119-4f1e-9571-e4efb56060b8_4294x2432.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Welcome to a new conversation. Today I want to tackle a topic that&#8217;s trending: <em>&#8220;Context Engineering&#8221;</em> as <em>the centerpiece for building agentic AI architectures.</em> Before I plunge into the deep end, let me <strong>give the context some context.</strong></p><p>Most people who know me know I&#8217;m an anthropologist and a designer; those two disciplines are my great loves. What few people know is that before I ever set foot in anthropology, I studied Civil Engineering and Construction. And honestly, it&#8217;s not that I struggled there; I&#8217;ve always liked math, physics especially. But back in my engineering student days, the courses I loved most were the ones tied to the social sciences. Part of our training as engineers included a few courses in the history of construction, which were really just seminars in the history of architecture. In those classrooms I discovered that what truly fascinated me was form, design, and how human societies have interacted with it across history. Those experiences quietly laid the path that would connect anthropology and design.</p><p>During my early years as an anthropologist in training, I started my working life writing the training and service manuals for a well-known dial-up internet provider (back when you needed a phone line to get online, something the younger crowd will never quite grasp). <strong>From the hard chair of a call-center operator, I took my first steps toward understanding how much context matters in the world of technology.</strong> I caught so many earfuls of profanity from deeply pissed-off customers that many of those voices still echo in my memory. I owe all of them what I&#8217;ve built (thank you, sincerely).</p><p>So there, somewhere between training manuals, quality control, and customer service, I managed to fuse engineering, anthropology, and design. That blend let me translate customer needs into engineering requirements, and then turn those into better user experiences. And you know what? <strong>Over more than 25 years of professional experience, I&#8217;ve come to one conclusion: the key to solving most business problems has always lived in a perfect understanding of context.</strong> The angry customer of yesterday and the AI agent that hallucinates today are symptoms of the same disease: <strong>nobody took the trouble to map the context in detail.</strong></p><p>That&#8217;s why understanding it is a critical success factor in the development of any product or experience, whether we&#8217;re talking clothing, medical services, banking, transportation, web apps, transactional platforms, you name it. <strong>And when it comes to AI, robots, agents, LLMs, once again context is king.</strong></p><p>There&#8217;s a lot of talk today about <em>&#8220;Context Engineering.&#8221;</em> It&#8217;s an ambitious term, mostly because it sells. Slap the word &#8220;engineering&#8221; on anything and people instantly associate it with the hard sciences. But the truth is that <strong>context is more anthropology, sociology, psychology, and philosophy than it is engineering.</strong> I deeply respect the dissenting view, but context is less source code and more meaning. <strong>You can sit there and spew out all the code you want, but in the end, if that code doesn&#8217;t turn into meaning that drives adoption, it&#8217;s just more machine learning.</strong> For adoption to go mass-market, it has to leave the world of zeros and ones and enter the world of the social, and that <strong>only happens when adoption starts talking in street slang.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ikj1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ikj1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ikj1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ikj1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ikj1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ikj1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ikj1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ikj1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ikj1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ikj1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F552f411a-f8b3-4a06-9bcd-610e9babd63d_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Context from First Principles</strong></h3><p>Thinking from first principles, context can be understood as <strong>the structured set of relationships that give meaning to an action, a signal, a behavior, or a decision.</strong> Many people wrongly assume that context is strictly tied to the environment in which things happen, but the truth is that beyond being a conceptual space, <strong>context is the interpretive field that makes understanding possible.</strong></p><p>The word context comes from the Latin <em>contexere</em>, or <em>&#8220;to weave together.&#8221;</em> That&#8217;s why context can&#8217;t be thought of as something static; <strong>it&#8217;s a system of historical, cultural, economic, symbolic, relational, and temporal variables.</strong></p><p>To define it rigorously, context is <strong>&#8220;the dynamic configuration of the conditions, relationships, and meanings that shape a perception, an interpretation, and an action.&#8221;</strong></p><p>Seen through a systems lens, context operates as a <strong>filter</strong> (it decides what&#8217;s visible and what&#8217;s invisible), a <strong>constraint</strong> (what&#8217;s possible and what isn&#8217;t), a <strong>frame</strong> (what carries meaning and what doesn&#8217;t), and a <strong>force field</strong> (which behaviors get rewarded and which get punished).</p><p><em>Max McKeown</em> captures this when he says that context determines how a strategic issue fits into <strong>&#8220;a broader pattern of leadership in the situations we&#8217;ve been working through in pursuit of success.&#8221;</strong> In other words, <strong>strategy can&#8217;t exist independently of context; it&#8217;s embedded in it.</strong> <em>McKeown</em> nails the executive dimension of context, but as we&#8217;ll see, that&#8217;s just one of its many layers.</p><h4>The Anthropological Lens</h4><p>We anthropologists don&#8217;t see context as <strong>backdrop.</strong> For us, <strong>context is the primary object of analysis in our profession.</strong> We know that human behavior can&#8217;t be understood in isolation, as if we were studying it inside a lab. <strong>Context has to be interpreted through symbolic systems, cultural codes, and social structures.</strong> This is exactly where the &#8220;context engineers&#8221; fall short: their mistake isn&#8217;t technical, it&#8217;s a failure of depth. <strong>They model the surface and call it architecture.</strong></p><p>For anthropologists, context is a system of multi-vector layers, where <strong>each layer is itself another system.</strong> All of these layers are cultural in nature: <strong>economic, political, religious, technological systems, and so on.</strong> It&#8217;s more like a giant onion whose layers you peel back until you reach the core. Don&#8217;t confuse these cultural layers with the operational mapping layers we&#8217;ll get to later; both describe the same phenomenon but from different levels of analysis: <strong>one to understand it, the other to design it.</strong></p><p><em>Clifford Geertz,</em> one of the most influential anthropologists of the 20th century, defines culture as <strong>a vast web of meaning spun by human beings; context, in this sense, is the web.</strong> A wink and a blink are physically identical, yet we all know they&#8217;re not the same thing.</p><h4>The Strategic Lens</h4><p>If anthropology explains how meaning is built out of context, <strong>strategy explains how competitive advantages are built.</strong> From this angle, <strong>all strategy is contextual by definition.</strong> <em>Jo Whitehead</em> defines strategy as a quantum entity: <strong>it&#8217;s both objective and process,</strong> all happening at once. <strong>But the process can only exist in relation to context, that is... market conditions, the competitive frame, the organization&#8217;s internal capabilities, and so on.</strong></p><p><strong>Without context, strategy is just a form of abstraction.</strong> This is the second weakness of the &#8220;context engineers&#8221;: it&#8217;s not only that their contexts are abstract, it&#8217;s that they routinely ignore the power structures and market dynamics that condition every decision.</p><p>I&#8217;m fond of the concepts laid out by <em>Michael Porter</em>. Plenty of people call him a dinosaur, but I think much of his work still holds up, especially his model for mapping contexts, known as the five forces: <strong>competitive rivalry, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, substitute products, and barriers to entry.</strong> These define the economic structure of a context.</p><p>Now, other experts like <em>Mintzberg, Godin, and McGrath</em> show up a little late to the party when they define context as <strong>an invisible, non-static system that co-evolves and persists, and therefore it&#8217;s strategy that must do the same</strong> (I say late because the anthropology classics had already worked this out).</p><p>In the world of tech systems, context includes rapid technological shifts, very short product life cycles, and accelerated competitive innovation dynamics. In short, in tech <strong>context is far too volatile, and it compresses in time on top of that, AI is certainly giving us proof of that.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-uc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-uc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-uc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-uc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-uc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-uc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png" width="1456" height="1665" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1665,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-uc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-uc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-uc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-uc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19e9ef2-1bcb-4691-830b-0dc829613f8d_1920x2196.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>Mapping the Context</h2><p>How are we doing so far? Tired of all the theory? Take a deep breath, we&#8217;re almost at the good part. We&#8217;re about to step into the topic that brought us here: <strong>how do you map a context in order to build experiences?</strong> Because despite AI&#8217;s apparent novelty, agents are, in essence, experiences, and every experience can be mapped.</p><p>Before I walk you through how to map a context, let me remind you that we anthropologists think in <em>&#8220;frameworks.&#8221;</em> Apologies in advance for the anglicism, but honestly I&#8217;ve never found the word in Spanish that captures everything a framework-based mode of thinking represents. <strong>If you read my last Substack, you&#8217;ll easily get that thinking in frameworks is basically a conceptual mode of thought where all possibilities are possible.</strong></p><p>In essence, context mapping is basically systems mapping. Methodologically, it helps to think of systems as if they were made of layers and levels of interaction (philosophically it gets a bit more complicated, but we&#8217;re not here to tie ourselves in knots). It&#8217;s worth stressing that no two systems are alike and that every system has its own specifics.</p><p>One important skill we anthropologists are trained for is <strong>pattern recognition.</strong> We&#8217;re always on the hunt for those recurring elements that let us make the system visible. What is it that repeats? Which patterns trace out a behavior? This is <strong>Layer #1</strong> of context: <strong>observable reality, or surface structure.</strong></p><p>I&#8217;ve watched plenty of &#8220;context engineers&#8221; jump straight to design, skipping contextual discovery entirely. The result is agents that produce hallucinations and serve up barely relevant information. Conclusion: <strong>agents that manufacture frustration.</strong> I know the path I&#8217;m proposing is longer than what most sources push on social media, but I guarantee you, with absolute certainty, that this model is <strong>&#8220;free of hallucinations and frustrations.&#8221;</strong></p><p>So take my advice and, as the <em>Supertramp</em> song goes... <strong>&#8220;take the long way home.&#8221;</strong></p><p>Let&#8217;s keep going. Write down everything you know about observable reality, leaning on <strong>market data, consumer behavior, trends, signals, and so on.</strong> Then move to identifying <strong>the structural context, Layer #2:</strong> which market forces hit it, what the economic constraints are, the power dynamics, the cost and pricing structures, and so forth. Then move toward <strong>Layer #3, the cultural context.</strong> This one is made of beliefs, social norms, narratives, and identity mechanisms. The next layer is symbolic context, <strong>Layer #4,</strong> composed of meaning systems, brand perceptions, and status signals. <strong>Layer #5 is temporal context;</strong> ask yourself what your project&#8217;s historical trajectory is and what its future expectations are. Finally, <strong>Layer #6 is hidden context;</strong> ask yourself which factors are actually driving the market, what its fear structures are, and what asymmetries are present, what&#8217;s invisible but decisive.</p><p>I know this sounds a bit overwhelming, and I&#8217;m certain you&#8217;re wondering, <strong>do I have to do all of that just to program a personal AI agent?</strong> My answer is <strong>NO.</strong> <strong>But the quality of the experience you want to create will depend on how much rigor you put into your context discovery.</strong></p><p>Once you&#8217;ve done solid context research, the next step is to visualize it. <strong>I suggest you map the context as if it were a radar: at the center you must always place the person who consumes the experience, it could be you, it could be a customer.</strong> That center isn&#8217;t decorative, it&#8217;s the system&#8217;s center of gravity; everything you draw around it must relate to it, directly or indirectly.</p><p>Then start tracing circles around the center. These will be the interaction levels of your experience. <strong>Think of these circles as layers of proximity: the closest circle represents the most direct, immediate, and frequent interactions, while as you move away from the center you start to find more indirect, more sporadic, or even invisible interactions, invisible to the user but no less important for it.</strong> They can be clicks, decisions, moments of use, moments of friction, moments of abandonment, moments of discovery. Every experience is different, so draw as many levels as you think you need. There&#8217;s no correct number, there&#8217;s an appropriate depth.</p><p>Now, each of those circles has to be read in three dimensions, and this is where the map stops being a drawing and starts being a system. <strong>Divide your radar into three sectors and name each one: Touchpoints, Channels, and People.</strong></p><p><strong>The Touchpoint is the moment of truth.</strong> It&#8217;s the specific event where the interaction happens. It&#8217;s where the system materializes in front of the user. It can be a click, a call, a conversation, a notification, a delivery, a recommendation. It&#8217;s precise, it&#8217;s concrete, it&#8217;s measurable. <strong>If you can&#8217;t point to it, it&#8217;s not a touchpoint.</strong> At this level you have to ask yourself: what exactly is happening here? What does the user expect? What do they actually get? Where does the friction show up? Where is value created?</p><p><strong>The Channel is the infrastructure that makes that touchpoint possible.</strong> It&#8217;s the medium through which the interaction occurs. It can be an app, a call center, a physical store, a chatbot, an email, an API. <strong>It&#8217;s the pipe the experience flows through.</strong> Very often design errors aren&#8217;t in the touchpoint but in the channel: latencies, friction, badly resolved interfaces, disconnections between systems. <strong>Here the question isn&#8217;t what happens, but where and under what conditions it happens.</strong></p><p><strong>People are everyone who interacts with the system,</strong> but not just as functional users, rather as contextual beings. This is where everything you already mapped comes into play: beliefs, expectations, fears, motivations, cultural context, socioeconomic level, life stage. The same experience changes radically depending on who lives it. That&#8217;s why, at this level, you have to ask: who is this person at this specific moment? Not in the abstract, but in situation.</p><p>When you map these three dimensions, Touchpoint, Channel, and People, you&#8217;ll start to see the patterns, you&#8217;ll start to identify where the system is aligned and where it breaks. Where there&#8217;s coherence and where there&#8217;s noise. Where context is being respected and where it&#8217;s being ignored. This is exactly where the real value of the exercise shows up: <strong>not in the map as an artifact, but in the ability to intervene.</strong> Because once you can see the system, you can redesign it, you can strip out friction, reinforce moments of value, adjust channels, reconfigure interactions. In essence, you can align the experience with the context.</p><p>Mapping context this way isn&#8217;t an aesthetic exercise, it&#8217;s a precision instrument. It&#8217;s what separates an agent that responds from one that truly understands.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5go4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5go4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5go4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5go4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5go4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5go4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5go4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5go4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5go4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5go4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F477bc00c-e6fe-4abe-b63f-8a525b4456b4_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>From Context Maps to AI Systems</strong></h3><p>This is the point where the synthesis reaches its real transformative potential. Most artificial intelligence systems fail not from a lack of data, but from a deeper deficiency: <strong>the absence of contextual understanding.</strong> They process huge volumes of information, but without a framework that grants meaning, which inevitably leads to superficial results and decisions misaligned with operational or strategic reality.</p><p><strong>That&#8217;s why AI shouldn&#8217;t be conceived as a system trained solely on data, but as an architecture trained on contextual structures.</strong> This means incorporating relationships, hierarchies, and meaning systems that let it interpret information beyond its raw form. In this sense, context maps become genuine <strong>design blueprints:</strong> they function as an operating system for intelligent agents, defining not only the inputs, signals, metadata, and relationships, but also the interpretation layers grounded in cultural rules and strategic logic, and finally the decision layer, where context-aligned responses are generated.</p><p>A clear example of this difference shows up in an AI-based sales agent. <strong>Without a well-structured context, the system would recommend products randomly or generically.</strong> But operating on top of a context map, the agent understands the customer&#8217;s life cycle, the industry&#8217;s dynamics, the buying signals, and the cultural codes that shape the decision. The result is a highly relevant action, with a higher probability of conversion and strategic coherence.</p><p>To reach this level of sophistication, AI training has to be structured across multiple layers of context. <strong>First, the data context, made up of structured datasets. Second, the relational context, which defines the interaction networks between actors. Third, the behavioral context, which captures patterns of action. On top of that comes the strategic context, which incorporates objectives and constraints, and finally the cultural context, which integrates language, tone, and social norms.</strong> Only by integrating these layers can you build truly intelligent systems.</p><p>Designing a personal AI agent is one thing; orchestrating an agentic architecture that operates across an organization&#8217;s processes is another. Although they seem essentially the same, scale matters when it comes to mapping contexts.</p><p>Context shouldn&#8217;t be understood as a passive background, nor as a mere environment, and least of all as a set of isolated data points. <strong>Context is, in truth, the invisible architecture of reality. It&#8217;s the system that organizes what&#8217;s possible, what&#8217;s visible, and what&#8217;s meaningful.</strong></p><h4>Anthropology teaches us that context creates meaning. Strategy shows us that context creates advantage. And artificial intelligence forces us to recognize that context must be modeled explicitly to generate true intelligence.</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5plw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3961e231-6676-4743-87d8-20f120d1a238_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h2><p>This document is for strictly <strong>informational, educational, and futurist-analysis purposes.</strong> <strong>It does not constitute financial advice, an investment solicitation, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or participate in any instrument, company, project, or asset.</strong></p><p>If anyone uses the content of this material to solicit money, investments, or financial participation, <strong>treat it immediately as a possible scam.</strong></p><p>Always protect your personal and financial information.</p><h3><strong>&#128302; Keep exploring FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-la-espada-y-el-companero">The Sword and the Companion</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-la-paradoja-del-dinamo">The Dynamo Paradox</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-8-del-dr-google-al-dr">From Dr. Google to Dr. GPT</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Creativity vs. AI: Why Machines Compute but Only We Mean It]]></title><description><![CDATA[Take 2 | Human Intelligence, Imagination and Meaning in the Age of Computational Intelligence]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/creativity-vs-ai-why-machines-compute</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/creativity-vs-ai-why-machines-compute</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:42:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jvw6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8db665cb-3a5d-4aae-98f5-aa6f6c530847_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Genesis</strong></h3><p>Six months have passed since we first met here at <strong>FUTOPIX.</strong> It&#8217;s been an extraordinary ride for me. This little corner of the internet has helped me exorcise my demons and, at the same time, cracked open a door for me to express myself. <strong>I have to confess that at the start I was writing purely for myself, expecting nothing in return, like someone tossing a bottle into the sea with the secret hunch that somebody, on some far shore, will eventually find it and read the message tucked inside.</strong> But as the weeks went by, your comments have kept egging me on to keep this thing alive, episode after episode, week after week. <strong>Before I begin, I want to thank you for these six months and for making it this far, because if you read me every week, it&#8217;s because my essays give you something.</strong> I hope to keep doing exactly that for a long time to come. I also want to tell you that new projects are on the way, and I&#8217;ll be sharing them through this channel, like someone opening new rooms inside the same house.</p><p>The piece I&#8217;m bringing you today was hard to write. <strong>It may be the hardest of the 26 I&#8217;ve tackled since I started this adventure, and I don&#8217;t say that because the subject itself is so difficult, but because of the sheer number of debates that </strong><em><strong>creativity</strong></em><strong> has sparked across the ages.</strong> There are words that look transparent, but when you try to touch them, you discover they&#8217;re made of layers, of sediment, of centuries of accumulated argument. <em>Creativity</em> is one of them. We all think we understand it until we try to define it rigorously, and at that moment the concept turns slippery, shifting, almost untamable, gaseous.</p><p>I decided to write this piece about the <em>creativity/AI</em> relationship as the result of several conversations with friends, students and coworkers. <strong>I sense there&#8217;s a certain whiff of fear and ignorance around that relationship, a strange cocktail of fascination and suspicion, of enthusiasm and threat, so I wanted to give myself the room to write a bit about it.</strong> After four essays&#8217; worth of deleting, editing, copying and starting over, I think I finally feel at peace enough to lay out my views on the matter.</p><p>I naively began by writing down the <em>vox populi</em> ideas of what most of us consider creativity, or the art of making the new, and <strong>every time an idea landed in my mind, I couldn&#8217;t help wondering, in parallel, whether that same conceptual gesture could be pulled off by a computational intelligence.</strong> As I moved through the questions, I kept running out of easy answers, until only a handful of paths were left on the table for understanding, with any seriousness, what it actually means to be creative.</p><p>Don&#8217;t think the text you&#8217;re reading today came easy. The truth is I had to push myself harder than usual to get here. <strong>I had to go back to my notes as an anthropology student to recall concepts and dig up authors who really know this terrain, so I could escape the shallowness with which so many treat this subject and hand you something a touch more rigorous, but that would still give us a decent map for moving forward along the road of ideas.</strong> Because there are subjects that today get discussed far too fast, almost as if having an opinion were enough to crown ourselves experts. <strong>That, precisely, is one of the risks of our era: confusing speed with depth, repetition with thought, and familiarity with understanding.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1MBY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4ea350d-277f-4425-a76e-7e7e02009350_2752x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1MBY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4ea350d-277f-4425-a76e-7e7e02009350_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1MBY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4ea350d-277f-4425-a76e-7e7e02009350_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1MBY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4ea350d-277f-4425-a76e-7e7e02009350_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1MBY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4ea350d-277f-4425-a76e-7e7e02009350_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1MBY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4ea350d-277f-4425-a76e-7e7e02009350_2752x1536.png" width="1456" height="813" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1MBY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4ea350d-277f-4425-a76e-7e7e02009350_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1MBY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4ea350d-277f-4425-a76e-7e7e02009350_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1MBY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4ea350d-277f-4425-a76e-7e7e02009350_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Along these lines, to explain what creativity is, we first have to understand <strong>what an idea is</strong>. This is a question that psychology and anthropology have asked themselves ever since they existed as disciplines. Without hesitation, my favorite author for understanding what ideas are is <em>Gregory Bateson</em>, an anthropology classic that all of us who carry the title simply have to read. <strong>Bateson has a wonderful body of work called </strong><em><strong>Steps to an Ecology of Mind</strong></em><strong>; I recommend it to anyone who wants to read a scientific text bursting with ideas and concepts, because it changed my life, at the very least.</strong></p><p>Today I can say that, as an anthropologist, I&#8217;m profoundly <em>Batesonian</em>, though my anthropological DNA also carries a little bit of <em>Chomsky</em>, <em>L&#233;vi-Strauss</em>, <em>De Saussure</em>, <em>Morin</em> and <em>Capra</em>, among others. <strong>You don&#8217;t think from a single author, but there are authors who become a kind of backbone of your thinking, and Bateson, at least in my case, occupies that spot.</strong></p><p>To explain what an idea is, Bateson centered his studies on children, from newborns to adolescents. <strong>The basic question in his research model was how ideas take shape.</strong> To that end he observed how we humans learn, and he ended up classifying learning into three levels that, roughly speaking, he called the <em>sensory</em>, the <em>categorial</em> and the <em>conceptual</em>. Along these lines, he discovered that during our first years of life we discover the world through the five senses.</p><p>That&#8217;s why, when a baby eats dirt, in what pediatricians call the <em>oral stage</em>, it&#8217;s basically stress-testing its sensory system. <strong>Bateson argued that our brain thinks by generating comparisons in order to extract differences.</strong> That&#8217;s how babies learn to classify things according to the stimuli produced in the brain, and then extract the difference. When the baby eats dirt, its brain is comparing the taste of dirt with other, previously learned tastes: milk, pur&#233;e, soup, and so on. <strong>The sensory system identifies the taste, processes it, and extracts the difference.</strong> In the <em>Batesonian</em> world, then, an idea is the result of comparing things and extracting the differences: <strong>idea = difference</strong>.</p><p>Here it&#8217;s worth pausing a moment, because this seemingly simple formulation holds enormous depth. <strong>If an idea is a difference, then thinking doesn&#8217;t consist merely of accumulating information, but of learning to distinguish, to discriminate, to perceive what separates one thing from another.</strong> Thinking isn&#8217;t piling up data like someone filling a warehouse; thinking is <strong>perceiving relevant differences</strong>. This matters when we start comparing human intelligence with artificial intelligence, because <strong>a machine also detects differences, but it detects them in a radically different way.</strong> The machine identifies statistical distances, correlations, probabilities, patterns within mathematical spaces; the human, by contrast, <strong>extracts differences that then get embedded in a symbolic universe.</strong> For an AI, a difference can be a variation inside a vector; <strong>for a human, that difference can turn into meaning, memory, judgment, emotion, metaphor or destiny.</strong> That&#8217;s where a decisive fault line begins to open up between the two kinds of intelligence.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p_lx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bb029a4-2e70-4015-9bfc-7cdbb7f22ae2_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p_lx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bb029a4-2e70-4015-9bfc-7cdbb7f22ae2_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p_lx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bb029a4-2e70-4015-9bfc-7cdbb7f22ae2_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p_lx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bb029a4-2e70-4015-9bfc-7cdbb7f22ae2_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p_lx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bb029a4-2e70-4015-9bfc-7cdbb7f22ae2_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p_lx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bb029a4-2e70-4015-9bfc-7cdbb7f22ae2_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p_lx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bb029a4-2e70-4015-9bfc-7cdbb7f22ae2_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p_lx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bb029a4-2e70-4015-9bfc-7cdbb7f22ae2_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p_lx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bb029a4-2e70-4015-9bfc-7cdbb7f22ae2_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Later, as we near seven years of age, we begin climbing to the next level of cognition, the level of <em>categories</em>. <strong>According to the </strong><em><strong>Batesonian</strong></em><strong> postulates, our brain takes those differences = ideas and orders them into categories.</strong></p><p>It&#8217;s something like a set of <em>Matryoshka</em> dolls, where information gets organized according to what was learned at the level of the senses. <strong>Our categorial system organizes information according to our life experience and the cultural (</strong><em><strong>symbolic</strong></em><strong>) system in which we&#8217;re immersed.</strong> Let me open a parenthesis here to invite you to think of culture as a movie screen; it&#8217;s a gaseous, liquid thing onto which we project our life experience. It&#8217;s the screen where each society projects its own film, or to put it another way, it&#8217;s the <strong>operating system of society</strong>, where we install the set of beliefs within which we live, feel, interpret and even dream.</p><p><strong>Back to the categorial system: Bateson says we organize ideas according to our experience, and we subject that experience to a classificatory system that sorts emotions into good or bad, fast or slow, sweet or salty, beautiful or vulgar, sacred or profane, and it keeps feeding itself until it manages to build what we understand as </strong><em><strong>cosmogonies</strong></em><strong>.</strong> Now, we spend practically our whole lives living in the categorial, so <strong>when do we acquire the conceptual?</strong> For Bateson, we all have the capacity to think conceptually, but it requires a capacity that&#8217;s scarce in many of us, and that&#8217;s the capacity to <strong>build contexts</strong>. Here, in my view, a central part not only of what we understand as creativity, but of intelligence itself, begins to play out.</p><p>Let me give you an example: take a sheet of paper; I&#8217;m going to ask you to think of a tree and draw it&#8230; with absolute certainty, most of you will draw an image resembling the following:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!so9N!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!so9N!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!so9N!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!so9N!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!so9N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!so9N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png" width="1204" height="1291" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1291,&quot;width&quot;:1204,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!so9N!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!so9N!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!so9N!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!so9N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96013584-b0e0-4a4e-90ac-c3bb59f471b0_1204x1291.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In our minds we hold a default idea, set by the context of experience we grew up in, of how trees are represented. This first abstraction belongs to the world of the <em>sensory</em>; it&#8217;s the way we learned to visualize trees when we were kids. Next, I&#8217;d like you to think of and draw an apple tree, for which most of us would proceed to draw an image like the one I&#8217;m showing you below:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9ANL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9ANL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9ANL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9ANL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9ANL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9ANL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png" width="1214" height="1279" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1279,&quot;width&quot;:1214,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9ANL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9ANL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9ANL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9ANL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f426fc3-707c-42b8-94c6-1e0acb8544c0_1214x1279.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Notice that we&#8217;ve basically added elements and colors that set our tree apart from others, which tells us we&#8217;re now thinking from the world of <em>categories</em>. Finally, I want to invite you to imagine and draw a forest.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qERE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qERE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qERE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qERE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qERE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qERE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png" width="1456" height="993" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:993,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qERE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qERE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qERE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qERE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7bf2f7ec-523e-483a-88cf-e0dbade98e2b_1872x1277.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Once again, each of us will bring to mind an image of the forest built from our own experience and context. From the conceptual standpoint, our forest could contain every possible image of trees, according to our experience with the concept of a forest. Something fascinating happens here: the forest is no longer just a sum of trees, but a broader mental structure, a totality organized by context. <strong>When we reach that point, we&#8217;re brushing up against the conceptual as the sum of all possibilities; that&#8217;s why we struggle so much to understand the proof-of-concept work of costume designers, among others.</strong></p><p>The idea of <em>context</em> is so powerful that it invites even deeper reflection. The broader my knowledge of forests, the broader the contexts I can recreate, so concepts like <em>cloud forest</em>, <em>rainforest</em> and <em>tropical jungle</em> could be explained without difficulty, and the differences between them (<strong>ideas</strong>) can be extracted with great ease, to the point where we could argue why a wet jungle isn&#8217;t a tropical forest, or why two landscapes that to an uninformed observer might look identical actually answer to completely different ecological, symbolic and material logics. <strong>To think conceptually is, in large measure, to widen the field of possible contexts.</strong></p><p>Here the comparison with <em>AI</em> shows up again. An artificial intelligence can process an immense quantity of examples of trees, forests, jungles and mountains. It can classify millions of images, learn regularities, segment attributes, label shapes and produce surprisingly accurate descriptions. <strong>But its relationship with context is not lived; it&#8217;s calculated.</strong> It doesn&#8217;t inhabit the forest, doesn&#8217;t fear the jungle, doesn&#8217;t remember a walk in the rain, doesn&#8217;t associate the smell of wet earth with childhood or the rustle of leaves with an intimate experience. It can reconstruct the pattern, <strong>but it can&#8217;t inhabit the symbolic world that gives the pattern its dimension.</strong> That&#8217;s crucial for understanding the limits of computational intelligence: we humans don&#8217;t just process information, we live it inside a fabric of culture and meaning.</p><p>Steve Jobs became even more famous for a speech in which he told his audience that <strong>there was nothing brilliant about his work and that all he did was &#8220;connect the dots.&#8221;</strong> But what exactly did Jobs mean when he talked about connecting the dots? The answer is simple, but its depth is immense: the more you learn about a subject (<strong>the dots</strong>), the greater your capacity to widen your knowledge and question it, so as to simultaneously extract the differences (<strong>ideas</strong>) and, in this way, connect them around a need (<em>vulnerability</em>). <strong>This process is what we call </strong><em><strong>creativity</strong></em><strong>.</strong> Creativity, then, is not a magic spark fallen from the sky nor a privilege reserved for a caste of the enlightened; it&#8217;s the capacity to relate contexts, to build bridges between domains, to discover fertile differences where others see only scattered information.</p><p>It&#8217;s worth saying something important here: today we tend to overvalue the speed with which artificial intelligence connects dots, but we forget that <strong>not every connected dot produces meaning</strong>. A machine can link concepts with astonishing efficiency, but human creativity doesn&#8217;t consist solely of connecting; it consists of knowing <em>why</em> to connect, <em>from where</em> to connect and <em>what for</em>. <strong>In other words, the human doesn&#8217;t just assemble relationships; the human introduces direction, relevance, desire, anguish, intuition and meaning.</strong> The machine can suggest combinations; human consciousness decides which ones deserve to become meaning.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EMoS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EMoS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EMoS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EMoS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EMoS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EMoS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EMoS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EMoS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EMoS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EMoS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F687e1889-eaec-4466-929c-bfc19f1a16f9_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>And what about intelligence?</strong></h3><p>Let&#8217;s go back to the <em>Batesonian</em> examples. This man argued that <strong>the human brain thinks in images; that is, we process images more easily than text.</strong> Advertisers and designers know this all too well: a brain that thinks in images processes more information thanks to a biological premise; <strong>the optic nerve transmits data to our brain at a speed and processing density that make the image a privileged pathway for organizing experience.</strong> Let&#8217;s do a new exercise. If I tell you to think of your friend John&#8230; take a few seconds before continuing. What will happen in your mind is that it will start scanning its internal database of images of every friend you have named John. We&#8217;ll watch the images go by, identifying the distinctive features of each one. What probably comes next is that many of you will say: John, which John?</p><p>So I&#8217;ll answer: John, the one who looks like James. Again the scan of your image database will kick in, in which you&#8217;ll surely contrast the images of the Johns in your memory with those of the Jameses, to extract the differences (<strong>ideas</strong>) and finally conclude whether they look alike or not. Conclusion: <strong>an idea is the image of a difference</strong>.</p><p>What seems so simple actually describes a deeply sophisticated mechanism. <strong>Our brain doesn&#8217;t think like a linear list of data, but like a web of associations, contrasts and activations.</strong> We think by comparing, filtering, associating, discarding, trying again.</p><p>Fine, but this still doesn&#8217;t fully explain what intelligence is. To find answers we have to bring in another genius of anthropology and linguistics: <em>Ferdinand de Saussure.</em> This linguist coined what we know today as the theory of the value of the sign, which explains the relationship between the <em>signified</em> and the <em>signifier</em>, or between what a thing denotes and what it connotes. <strong>We have an expression that sums it up simply and without so much fuss: </strong><em><strong>what the donkey says is one thing, what the driver behind it says is another</strong></em><strong>.</strong> I love that saying because, in its apparent crudeness, it holds an extraordinary semiotic truth: things don&#8217;t mean anything by themselves; they mean within a relational system.</p><p>Culture, as the <strong>operating system for humans</strong>, dictates the rules of what actions, objects, life experiences, rituals and bonds mean to us. <strong>A plate of beans has one symbolic dimension across the Americas and another in the islands of the Japanese archipelago. It&#8217;s the same bean, yes, but while in the Americas beans accompany a primarily savory meal, in Japan they can be filling for sweet pastries.</strong> The object is the same; the symbolic dimension is different. That symbolic difference isn&#8217;t decorative or anecdotal; it&#8217;s precisely what turns a simple material object into a cultural unit charged with meaning.</p><p>I don&#8217;t buy this business of <em>IQs</em> (<em>Intelligence Quotients</em>) as absolute indicators of human intelligence; to me the matter is quite relative. What I do believe is that there are people with far broader contexts of information, which let them generate more neural connections, more fertile associations, more capacity for reading across domains. Let me explain myself. Imagine a person with a very high IQ who, through one of life&#8217;s twists, is abandoned deep in the Amazon jungle. <strong>What do you think that person&#8217;s odds of survival will be in a place they have no context for?</strong> They&#8217;ll probably use every tool of their knowledge to try to survive. Now, on the other side there&#8217;s a member of a nomadic Indigenous community of the Amazon, with a probably lower IQ against the reference subjects by which such things are measured. <strong>Who will have a better shot at surviving in that place?</strong> Before moving on, I want to clarify that I&#8217;m not underestimating our Indigenous person; it&#8217;s merely a comparison to illustrate the concept, since the same thing could happen in reverse, and I&#8217;m almost certain our Indigenous person would have an easier time of it in a metropolis than a genius in the middle of the bush.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5x!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5x!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5x!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5x!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5x!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fddbf1a3f-bfb6-4d4b-a742-d73229fe4b8a_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Intelligence</strong>, then, can be understood as the capacity we humans have to connect dots between different domains and contexts, both within a single symbolic domain and across others. <strong>In other words, the speed, depth and plasticity we have for connecting biology with astrophysics, robotics with anthropology, design with survival, memory with invention, so as to extract the differences and build networks of meaning.</strong></p><p>The difference between human intelligence and computational intelligence is that we build the former out of networks of meaning, while the latter is built through mathematical algorithms devoid of any symbolic content of their own and of lived experiences. To an artificial intelligence, it makes no difference whether you&#8217;re writing a romantic poem or a formula to reinvent Coca-Cola, because in both cases it&#8217;s processing correlations, regularities and probabilities within a mathematical field. <strong>The machine processes; the human interprets. The machine correlates; the human seeks meaning.</strong></p><p>This difference is no small thing. An AI can recognize a poem&#8217;s style, imitate its meter, produce an emotive verbal structure and even simulate delicacy or melancholy, <strong>but it doesn&#8217;t know what it is to love, to lose, to wait, to grow old, to fail or to remember.</strong> It has no biography, because it has never been wounded, has never felt the urgency of time, nor shame, nor grief, nor desire. Its intelligence, however powerful, lacks the existential pressure that gives density to human experience. Without that density, what you have is a hollow intelligence, formidable at operating, but not necessarily intelligent at <em>understanding</em> in the anthropological sense of the word.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uPYW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uPYW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uPYW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uPYW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uPYW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uPYW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uPYW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uPYW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uPYW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uPYW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb1cbf36-bee1-4f92-a98e-3cccccd7b6dd_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>What role does vulnerability play in all this mess?</strong></h3><p>Since time immemorial, when we painted the cave walls, forged arrowheads as tools for hunting big game or gathered seeds on the floodplains, <strong>vulnerability</strong> has been the mother of creativity. No one can dispute that creativity switches on when we&#8217;ve got the predator breathing down our neck. <strong>Postwar Germany wouldn&#8217;t be what it is today were it not for the tremendous vulnerability its population was left in after </strong><em><strong>WWII</strong></em><strong>, and the same goes for Japan.</strong> The thing is, nowadays we prefer to call vulnerability <em>unmet consumer needs</em>. Maslow wrote a whole treatise on the subject; I&#8217;m not going to get into that debate, I just want to say that vulnerabilities are the active spectrum of creativity, and that depending on the level of those vulnerabilities, so too will be our response.</p><p>Here I want to insist on something I find central: <strong>human creativity is not born of comfort, it&#8217;s born of friction</strong>. It&#8217;s born of the fragile body, of scarcity, of need, of fear, of curiosity, of the discomfort of not understanding, of the pain of falling short, of the pressure to solve. The wheel, the needle, the city, medicine, myth, agriculture, philosophy and even art can be read, to some degree, as creative responses to human vulnerability. We don&#8217;t invent for the fun of it; <strong>we invent because something is missing, because something threatens us, because something calls to us, because something hurts us.</strong> Here again an enormous border with <em>AI</em> appears. The machine doesn&#8217;t know vulnerability, doesn&#8217;t feel hunger, doesn&#8217;t fear death, doesn&#8217;t need shelter, doesn&#8217;t fall in love, doesn&#8217;t grow old, doesn&#8217;t seek transcendence. It can optimize solutions, but it doesn&#8217;t suffer the problem. <strong>Between suffering a problem and processing it there&#8217;s a gigantic anthropological distance.</strong></p><p>Necessarily, when we talk about creativity and human intelligence, we have to talk about our attitudes toward needs, and on that front I&#8217;ll say there are at least two perspectives. There are people who face needs with a jigsaw-puzzle mindset, connecting little pieces (<strong>ideas</strong>) one by one until the puzzle takes shape (<em>meaning</em>). <strong>But what happens when pieces are missing?</strong> This is where the challenges to creativity arise. Now, on the other side we have those who see problems like engine builders; that is, they connect dots (<strong>ideas</strong>) with which they seek to move forward, refusing to let the absence of a single part stop them. <strong>Along these lines, which kind of intelligence do you identify with more, the jigsaw-puzzle assembler or the engine builder?</strong></p><p>I find this comparison powerful because it describes two very different cognitive dispositions toward the world. The <em>puzzle</em> assembler needs the final image, needs the exact piece, needs to close off the meaning. The engine builder, by contrast, is willing to improvise, to substitute, to reconfigure, to advance even when the map isn&#8217;t complete. One seeks completeness; the other seeks movement. One orients by the finished image; the other by the possibility of generating traction. <strong>If we think about it carefully, the age of AI is demanding of us more and more engine-builder intelligence and less jigsaw-puzzle intelligence, because the world coming won&#8217;t reward only those who know how to repeat a recipe, but those who know how to reconfigure domains, cross contexts and build meaning amid the abundance of automated information.</strong></p><p>What we know as intelligence also has to do with the way our neural network operates (<strong>connecting the dots</strong>). There are those who live in <em><strong>attention mode</strong></em>, that is, constantly monitoring the information they consume, filtering out what adds value to their system of connections and eliminating the noise. Their information diet is policed rigorously. On another level are those who live in something neuroscience calls the <em>DMN</em> (<em>Default Mode Network</em>). <strong>No matter what they&#8217;re doing, their mind lives in constant connection training; rather than hunting for the missing piece, they seek to hack the default order to find new formulas or disruptions.</strong> Finally there&#8217;s <strong>scanner intelligence</strong>, the kind of intelligence permanently searching for signals, in order to detect them, amplify them, extract the differences (<strong>ideas</strong>) and add them to its symbolic domain. They live in permanent reinvention.</p><p>These three forms aren&#8217;t sealed compartments, but they do help us understand distinct styles of being in the world. <strong>The one who lives in </strong><em><strong>attention mode</strong></em><strong> filters. The one who lives in the </strong><em><strong>DMN</strong></em><strong> recombines. The one who lives in </strong><em><strong>scanner mode</strong></em><strong> detects weak signals before everyone else.</strong> If there&#8217;s anything I want to underline here, it&#8217;s that creativity doesn&#8217;t depend solely on having information, but on the <strong>way the mind works with that information</strong>. AI, for example, may look like an extraordinary scanner-mode machine, because it tracks patterns at brutal scales; it may also look like an inexhaustible recombination machine, because it articulates scattered elements with great speed. But it still lacks the thing that makes creativity truly human: the tension between the inner world and the outer world.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mFwu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mFwu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mFwu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mFwu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mFwu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mFwu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/feaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mFwu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mFwu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mFwu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mFwu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeaf4253-bb4c-4b51-9055-696fcd07d3c4_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Computational intelligence and creativity</strong></h3><p>Whereas human intelligence and creativity require broad networks of context and symbolic content to develop, mediated by culture as a catalyst and accelerator of knowledge, <strong>computational intelligence and creativity lack the capacity to analyze content outside the symbolic field of whatever they&#8217;re processing.</strong> Their operating system is <em>algorithmic</em>, while for humans the operating system is governed by culture, which allows unlimited combinations of dots (<strong>ideas</strong>). Think of AI as a system whose <em>OS</em> is limited to a linear program within an exclusive field, or if you prefer, an <em>LLM</em>, whereas human intelligence can run transversally across all operating systems; it would be a <em>multivectorial</em> intelligence set against the specialized, statistical and bounded character of <em>LLMs</em>. It&#8217;s agnostic in operating-system terms.</p><p>I want to make an important clarification so I&#8217;m not misread. I&#8217;m not saying AI is small potatoes. Quite the opposite: I think it&#8217;s an extraordinary tool, probably one of the most powerful humanity has ever produced. What I&#8217;m saying is that <strong>its power isn&#8217;t equivalent to our form of consciousness</strong>. AI can help us explore possibilities, accelerate iterations, simulate scenarios, find improbable connections, push cognitive work toward speeds previously unthinkable. <strong>But that&#8217;s no reason to make the mistake of granting it a cultural sovereignty it doesn&#8217;t possess. The machine doesn&#8217;t generate culture on its own; it participates in culture through the human materials it was trained on and through the human uses we give it.</strong></p><p>In other words, AI can produce <em>content</em> with astonishing power, but <strong>producing content is not the same as producing meaning</strong>. Meaning emerges when a human community interprets, argues over, adopts, rejects, ritualizes, transmits or transforms something within a cultural network. A poem doesn&#8217;t become important because it&#8217;s well written, but because it strikes a human chord and manages to insert itself into a symbolic economy. A theory doesn&#8217;t change the world just for being coherent, but because it reorganizes the way a society thinks about reality. A technology doesn&#8217;t matter just because it works, but because it alters habits, expectations, relationships and structures of power. That&#8217;s where the difference lies.</p><p>Now then, <strong>will we be replaced by </strong><em><strong>AIs</strong></em><strong>? As long as </strong><em><strong>AIs</strong></em><strong> don&#8217;t have the capacity to generate culture, we&#8217;re safe.</strong> When I say generate culture, I don&#8217;t mean mixing signs, styles or references, but the deepest part of the cultural process: <strong>building meaning out of experience, out of a vulnerability, out of a shared history, out of the experience of being alive within a human community</strong>. The machine can be a great mirror, a great amplifier, a great cognitive telescope; but the astronomer is still the human. It can help us traverse the territory, but it still can&#8217;t produce, on its own, the symbolic ground on which we walk.</p><p>The AI debate tends to close with a question that inevitably shows up in any contemporary conversation: <strong>will we be replaced?</strong> Deep down, this question reveals more about our cultural insecurities than about the true nature of intelligence. When we fear being replaced by a machine, we&#8217;re assuming that human intelligence and computational intelligence belong to the same order of phenomena. But across these pages we&#8217;ve seen that this isn&#8217;t so.</p><p>The truly interesting question isn&#8217;t how fast a machine can produce something, but <strong>what that something it produces means</strong>. Here a fundamental difference appears: whereas AI operates over statistical patterns within an algorithmic domain, human intelligence operates within a symbolic universe built by culture.</p><p>In other words, an <em>AI</em> can combine millions of texts to produce a poem that&#8217;s perfect from a formal standpoint, but it doesn&#8217;t possess the cultural fabric that lets it understand what love, loss or nostalgia mean within human experience. It can recognize the structure of a metaphor, but it doesn&#8217;t inhabit the world where that metaphor acquires meaning. AI calculates; <strong>human intelligence interprets</strong>.</p><p>If we recall the <em>Batesonian</em> definition of an idea as a difference, we can see this point more clearly. An artificial intelligence can detect statistical differences between patterns of data, but those differences have no cultural meaning for it. They&#8217;re simply mathematical variations within a vector space. For humans, by contrast, differences don&#8217;t just exist; they <strong>mean something</strong>. They get inserted into symbolic networks, into stories, into emotions, into cultural contexts that transform a mere difference into an idea charged with meaning.</p><p>That&#8217;s why, when we talk about human creativity, we&#8217;re not simply talking about producing something new. We&#8217;re talking about <strong>reconfiguring networks of meaning within a cultural system</strong>. A technological invention, a scientific theory or a work of art doesn&#8217;t just introduce novelty; it reorganizes the way a society understands the world. That&#8217;s the true creative act.</p><p>AI, by contrast, operates within a system we could describe as <strong>a space of probability without experience</strong>. It can generate millions of possible combinations within a semantic field, but it lacks the thing that feeds human creativity from its deepest roots: lived experience, vulnerability, history, cultural memory.</p><p>Let&#8217;s recall that above we affirmed that vulnerability has always been the mother of creativity. Tools were born because humans were physically weak against predators. Cities were born because cooperation increased our chances of survival. Science was born because we wanted to understand natural forces that overwhelmed us. Even art, in many senses, was born as an attempt to tame the fear and mystery of existence.</p><p>Human creativity, therefore, doesn&#8217;t arise from an abundance of information but from the <strong>friction between our limitations and our aspirations</strong>. It arises when something hurts us, when something is missing, when the world doesn&#8217;t quite fit our expectations. The machine, by contrast, knows no vulnerability. It feels no hunger, no fear, no existential curiosity. Without experience, there&#8217;s no culture.</p><p>For this reason, when many announce the end of human creativity in the face of AI&#8217;s advance, they&#8217;re actually confusing two radically different things: <strong>content generation and the creation of meaning</strong>.</p><p>Culture is a living system that emerges from the interaction of millions of human minds interpreting the world from different perspectives. It&#8217;s a symbolic system that evolves across generations. AI can participate in that system as a tool, as an amplifier, as a catalyst even, but it can&#8217;t substitute for the cultural process that produces it.</p><p>In a sense, we could say AI functions as a <em>cognitive telescope</em>. It expands our capacity to explore possible combinations within existing knowledge. But just as a telescope doesn&#8217;t replace the astronomer, artificial intelligence doesn&#8217;t replace the thinker. What it does is expand the horizon from which we think.</p><p>If anything characterizes our species, it&#8217;s precisely that capacity to <strong>extend our faculties through tools</strong>. Fire amplified our capacity to transform nature. Writing amplified our collective memory. The printing press amplified the circulation of knowledge. The computer amplified the processing of information. AI amplifies our capacity to explore the space of ideas.</p><p>The right question isn&#8217;t whether AI will replace human creativity. The right question is <strong>what kind of creativity will emerge when we live alongside intelligences capable of processing information at inhuman speeds</strong>. What new forms of thought will appear when massive computation stops being a scarce privilege and becomes everyday infrastructure? What kind of authors, scientists, designers, storytellers or strategists will emerge when thinking no longer means doing it all alone, but knowing how to converse with systems capable of brutally expanding the field of possibilities?</p><p>Because every time humanity has created a powerful tool, human creativity hasn&#8217;t vanished. It has changed form. Let me ask you: did painters disappear with the rise of photography? What we&#8217;re witnessing now isn&#8217;t the end of human creativity, but <strong>an expansion of its territory</strong>.</p><p>AI will be able to help us explore combinations of ideas that would once have taken decades of work. It will be able to suggest unexpected connections between distinct domains of knowledge. It will be able to accelerate processes of research, design or discovery. But the decision about <strong>which problems are worth solving</strong>, <strong>which questions are worth asking</strong> or <strong>which meanings we want to build as a society</strong> will remain a deeply human decision.</p><p>Because at the end of the day, machines can process information, but <strong>only we humans live the stories</strong>.</p><p>That&#8217;s why, if there&#8217;s any conclusion to draw from this reflection, it&#8217;s that human creativity is not threatened by AI. What is threatened, in any case, is <strong>our intellectual laziness</strong>. The ease with which we can outsource thinking to automatic systems. The temptation to consume ideas instead of building them. The risk of turning a tool for cognitive expansion into a crutch for the imagination.</p><p>Artificial intelligence will be as powerful as the culture that uses it. If we use it to repeat what we already know, it will become a gigantic echo machine. <strong>But if we use it to explore the unknown, to connect distant domains, to widen our collective imagination, then it will become one of the most extraordinary tools humanity has ever created.</strong></p><h4><strong>Ultimately, the future of creativity doesn&#8217;t depend on artificial intelligence. It depends on our will to stay curious. On our capacity to keep widening our contexts, to keep connecting dots between seemingly unrelated domains, to keep asking ourselves why the world is the way it is and how it could be different.</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h2><p>This document is for <strong>informational, educational and futurist-analysis purposes only</strong>. <strong>It does not constitute financial advice, nor a solicitation to invest, nor a recommendation to buy, sell or participate in any instrument, company, project or asset.</strong></p><p>If anyone uses the content of this material to solicit money, investments or economic participation, <strong>treat it immediately as a possible scam</strong>.</p><p>Always protect your personal and financial information.</p><h3><strong>&#128302; Keep exploring FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-toma-27-el-contexto-como">Context as OS</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-la-espada-y-el-companero">The Sword and the Companion</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-la-paradoja-del-dinamo">The Dynamo Paradox</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What Should Our Kids Study to Stay Relevant in the Age of AI and Humanoids?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Take 1 | Navigating the Intelligence Revolution]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/what-should-our-kids-study-to-stay</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/what-should-our-kids-study-to-stay</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:40:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b16W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17f25772-af71-425f-8eba-84bbde36ca33_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>When Intelligence Became Abundant</strong></h3><p>For centuries, we humans organized our entire civilization around a quiet premise: <strong>intelligence was a scarce asset</strong>. Societies rewarded whoever could think better, calculate faster, remember more, or make more complex decisions. <strong>Universities became temples of intellectual selection &#8212; holding a college diploma became more valuable than holding a title from a royal court.</strong> The high-prestige professions grew up exactly where human thinking was hardest to replace.</p><p>And yet, thanks to the advances in AI, we are now <strong>entering a historic moment where that premise is starting to wobble</strong>. For the first time since we became a civilization, <strong>intelligence &#8212; at least in its computational form &#8212; is beginning to turn into an abundant resource</strong>. <em>Artificial intelligence</em> models, <em>agentic systems</em>, and <em>humanoid robotics</em> are extending the reach of automated thinking at a pace that just a decade ago seemed improbable. <strong>What once took entire teams of specialists can now be done by digital systems capable of analyzing data, writing code, producing text, interpreting images, or coordinating complex processes in a matter of minutes.</strong> What used to take us weeks can now be done in minutes.</p><p>This phenomenon <strong>should not be read as an existential threat or a technological dystopia</strong>; we should understand it as <strong>a transition toward a new paradigm (remember Thomas Kuhn&#8217;s concept of normal science from &#8220;The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,&#8221; which we&#8217;ve already discussed in earlier editions of FUTOPIX)</strong>.</p><p>Along these lines, every great technological leap &#8212; agriculture, the printing press, the steam engine, electricity, the Internet &#8212; <strong>profoundly reorganized the role of human beings in the economy and in culture</strong>. The <em>artificial intelligence</em> revolution will be no different. What will change isn&#8217;t only the technology, but <strong>the very structure of economic value built around it</strong>.</p><p>Remember that when <strong>physical strength was abundant</strong>, industrial machines redefined human labor; when <strong>information stopped being scarce</strong>, the Internet transformed the knowledge economy. Now that <strong>computational intelligence is starting to multiply</strong>, we&#8217;re entering <strong>a new phase in the reorganization of the productive system</strong>.</p><p>In that context, an unavoidable question surfaces &#8212; especially for those of us who are parents, educators, or <em>future-builders</em>:</p><p><strong>What should our kids study in order to thrive in a world where computational intelligence is no longer a scarce resource?</strong></p><p>Answering that question demands that we <strong>look past the tech headlines</strong>. It requires understanding the <em>weak or early signals</em> that hint at where the global economic system is heading. That, in turn, calls for a <em>foresight</em> mindset &#8212; one capable of reading emerging patterns before they harden into dominant trends.</p><p>Recently, <em>Citrini Research</em> published a piece titled <strong>&#8220;The 2028 Global Intelligence Crisis,&#8221;</strong> in which they map out exactly these signals &#8212; not as a doomsday prediction, nor as an exercise in <em>economic science fiction</em>, but as <strong>an intellectual experiment that explores the possible consequences of a world where AI works so well that it transforms the very foundations of employment, productivity, and economic distribution</strong>.</p><p>From the <strong>FUTOPIX</strong> perspective, documents like this <strong>aren&#8217;t warnings we read in fear &#8212; they&#8217;re navigation charts,</strong> <em>incomplete maps</em> of territory still taking shape.</p><p>Some of the <em>weak / early signals</em> that show up in that analysis are <em>cognitive automation</em>, <em>autonomous agents</em>, <em>partially robotized economies</em>, and <em>new financial infrastructures</em>. <strong>They don&#8217;t describe an inevitable collapse;</strong> they describe <strong>a deep reorganization of the system &#8212; and, like every reorganization, it also opens new frontiers of opportunity</strong>.</p><p>Detecting and understanding these signals is <strong>the first step toward building a solid educational strategy for the coming generations, because the goal</strong> is not to protect our kids from technology, <strong>but to prepare them to use it as an extension of their creativity, their intelligence, and their capacity to build better slices of the future for the generations that follow</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk6j!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89bc5c83-8e30-44d2-abb5-c17b16d32eeb_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk6j!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89bc5c83-8e30-44d2-abb5-c17b16d32eeb_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk6j!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89bc5c83-8e30-44d2-abb5-c17b16d32eeb_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk6j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89bc5c83-8e30-44d2-abb5-c17b16d32eeb_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk6j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89bc5c83-8e30-44d2-abb5-c17b16d32eeb_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk6j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89bc5c83-8e30-44d2-abb5-c17b16d32eeb_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk6j!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89bc5c83-8e30-44d2-abb5-c17b16d32eeb_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk6j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89bc5c83-8e30-44d2-abb5-c17b16d32eeb_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk6j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F89bc5c83-8e30-44d2-abb5-c17b16d32eeb_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Reading the Weak Signals&#8230;</strong></h3><p><em>Citrini Research</em> describes <strong>a set of emerging mechanisms that, though still in their infancy, could profoundly transform the global economy over the coming decades</strong>. This symptomatic evidence doesn&#8217;t show up as abrupt ruptures, but as what we futurists call <em>weak signals</em> &#8212; early hints that reveal how the foundations of the productive system are slowly being reconfigured. It&#8217;s like learning to read the ventures cooking in a garage that carry the potential to change the world.</p><p>The first of these signals appears as a <strong>technological feedback loop driven by the compounding adoption of AI</strong>. As companies start integrating <em>AI systems</em> to boost operational efficiency, certain professional roles will experience a gradual shrinkage. What was initially rolled out as a support tool ends up becoming <strong>an optimization mechanism</strong>. When operating costs drop thanks to automation, organizations free up capital that they then reinvest in new technological optimizations. That capital feeds new productivity gains, which in turn incentivize more automation. The result is <strong>a virtuous cycle of technological acceleration that constantly feeds itself</strong>.</p><p>This kind of dynamic isn&#8217;t new. Similar phenomena played out during the <em>industrial mechanization of the nineteenth century</em> and later with the <em>computer automation of the twentieth</em>. But <strong>the fundamental difference in today&#8217;s revolution is that AI acts directly on the tasks demanding cognitive activity &#8212; the ones we used to think of as exclusively human</strong>. This isn&#8217;t just about replacing physical strength or repetitive chores; now the technology steps into the processes of analysis, interpretation, planning, and decision-making.</p><p>The first signs of this shift can already be seen in tools like <em>GitHub Copilot</em>, which dramatically amplify programmers&#8217; productivity, or in advanced <em>automated data-analysis</em> systems that let companies run studies that once required entire teams of specialists. I&#8217;m not saying these advances <strong>wipe out human work entirely</strong>, but they do <strong>profoundly redefine its nature</strong>. Professionals in these fields will stop being the direct executors of these tasks and become designers, supervisors, or integrators of intelligent systems.</p><p>A second weak signal appears with a phenomenon some analysts have begun to call <em><strong>Phantom GDP</strong></em>. This concept describes <strong>an economy where a growing share of output is generated by machines that don&#8217;t take part in the traditional cycle of human consumption</strong>. Robots don&#8217;t buy homes, don&#8217;t plan vacations, don&#8217;t consume cultural goods. When a significant portion of productivity comes from automated systems, economic growth can begin to <strong>partly decouple from human employment</strong>.</p><p>We can already see early hints of this in <em>fully robotized warehouses and restaurants</em>, in <em>highly automated logistics chains</em>, and in factories where production keeps running through the night with no direct human presence. These systems generate enormous efficiency and economic value, but they also <strong>redistribute the gains toward whoever owns the technological infrastructure, the computational capital, or the automation platforms</strong>.</p><p>Another meaningful signal emerges with the arrival of <em><strong>agentic AI (AAI)</strong></em> &#8212; that is, <em>systems capable of planning, executing, and correcting complex tasks autonomously</em>. What sets agentic AI apart from traditional software models is that these systems don&#8217;t just respond to specific instructions. They can analyze goals, design strategies, and execute multiple intermediate steps to reach them.</p><p>The first versions of these technologies can already be seen in experimental tools that can <em>write complete software</em>, <em>manage business processes</em>, or <em>coordinate complex logistics operations</em>. Systems like these suggest that <strong>many layers of economic intermediation could gradually vanish</strong>. When an intelligent agent can weigh options, compare prices, negotiate terms, and execute decisions in a matter of seconds, <strong>the traditional frictions of the market start to drop sharply &#8212; in some cases all the way to zero (take a look at openclaw)</strong>.</p><p>This phenomenon seems to be on a collision course with another quiet transformation moving in parallel. I&#8217;m talking about <strong>the evolution of global financial infrastructure</strong>. In the digital ecosystem, there already exist <em>blockchain</em>-based payment networks capable of near-instant transactions at extremely low cost. Platforms built on networks like <em>Solana</em> are proving that value can move without the traditional layers of financial intermediation.</p><p>If <em>(AAI) agents</em> begin to interact economically with one another &#8212; negotiating purchases, contracting services, managing digital resources &#8212; we could enter a stage where <strong>economic transactions become partly autonomous</strong>. In that scenario, some components of the traditional financial system will have to adapt to a far more automated and programmable environment. Something that traditional banking finds both hard and painful.</p><p>When we look at these signals together &#8212; <em>cognitive automation</em>, <em>Phantom GDP</em>, <em>agentic AI</em>, and <em>the new decentralized financial infrastructures</em> &#8212; a clear pattern emerges. <strong>This isn&#8217;t a simple technological evolution; it&#8217;s a profound reorganization of the global economic system.</strong></p><p>Now, these signals <strong>should not be read as announcements of inevitable crises</strong>. Economic history shows us that every great technological transformation generates both disruption and new opportunity. What these signals are really showing us is that <strong>the foundations of productivity, of human work, and of value creation are entering a liminal phase of transition</strong>.</p><p>Understanding these transitions before they become trends is precisely the point of strategic foresight. Because in the moments when the system begins to reorganize itself, <strong>those who manage to read the early signals don&#8217;t just adapt to the future &#8212; they dare to build it</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2PGM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2PGM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2PGM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2PGM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2PGM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2PGM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2PGM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2PGM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2PGM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2PGM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f786175-f104-4dd7-aef9-3bc07f4a5c37_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Professions in Transformation</strong></h3><p>When <strong>you look at these signals together</strong>, a structural shift in the labor market comes into focus. I should note that not every profession will face the same degree of transformation. The occupations whose essence is mainly about <em>processing information in routine ways</em> are among the most exposed to the reconfiguration AI brings.</p><p>For decades, much of the knowledge economy was organized around tasks like reviewing documents, comparing information, processing data, or verifying procedures. Professions such as <em>operational accounting</em>, <em>routine financial analysis</em>, <em>legal contract review</em>, or certain kinds of <em>commercial intermediation</em> were born precisely in a context where <strong>the ability to analyze information was limited, expensive, and slow</strong>. That context is changing forever.</p><p>Today, <em>intelligent agents</em> can analyze contracts, catch regulatory inconsistencies, compare financial terms, or process massive volumes of data in seconds. This capability doesn&#8217;t automatically mean those professions disappear, but it does mean <strong>a transformation of their operational core</strong>. A professional&#8217;s value will no longer sit so much in performing the basic analysis of the information, but in <strong>interpreting its implications, designing strategies, and making complex decisions inside uncertain contexts</strong>. These roles will have to shift from passive agents to active players &#8212; we&#8217;ll move from the accountant who only presents the books to the one who suggests strategy.</p><p>A similar phenomenon is starting to show up in <em>software development</em>. For a long time, writing code was a skill held by a few, considered highly specialized and demanding years of technical training. But the arrival of AI-assisted programming tools is beginning to automate part of the most repetitive tasks in the development process. Generating simple functions, fixing syntax errors, or completing code snippets are activities today&#8217;s systems can already handle very efficiently. When it comes to laying out architectures and <em>wireframes</em>, AI does it faster than humans and without mistakes. What used to take a developer weeks, AI does in minutes &#8212; with the added advantage that the user can iterate with the system in real time until they land on the result they want.</p><p>This doesn&#8217;t mean developers are going to disappear. What will probably happen is <strong>a migration of the purely technical roles toward higher levels of abstraction</strong>. The engineer of the future will have less to do with hand-writing every line of code and more to do with <strong>designing ontological systems and technological architectures, integrating them into complex systems, and supervising fully automated environments</strong>. In other words, engineering will evolve from technical execution toward the <em>orchestration of ontological systems</em>.</p><p>In parallel, the development of <em>humanoid robots</em> will introduce a new component into this transformation. Unlike traditional industrial robots designed for extremely specific tasks, humanoids aim to replicate human physical capabilities &#8212; walking, manipulating objects, interacting with variable environments. For anyone who imagines the humanoid sitting beside you typing information into a keyboard, the answer is: why would it? Typing data is a wildly inefficient process. Just think about how <em>R2-D2 (Star Wars)</em> jacks into a spaceship&#8217;s systems, plugging directly into the network to transmit packets of information. Humanoids will simply send data via proxies &#8212; even over Bluetooth signals.</p><p>Although these devices are still in early phases of development, their potential points toward taking part in activities like <em>advanced logistics, technical maintenance, or certain flexible-manufacturing operations</em> (FUTOPIX has plenty of articles on this).</p><p>The challenge isn&#8217;t about defending specific occupations against technology. The real question is understanding <strong>which human skills become more relevant as technology advances</strong>. In this transition, those skills tend to cluster in areas dominated by <strong>interpretation, creativity, strategic judgment, and the ability to grasp complex systems</strong>.</p><p>In the end, the professional map of the future won&#8217;t be defined solely by the arrival of new technological tools. It will be defined by <strong>the way human beings learn to integrate them within broader economic, cultural, and social structures</strong>. That&#8217;s exactly where human intelligence remains decisive.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKM6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKM6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKM6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKM6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKM6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKM6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKM6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKM6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKM6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKM6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c1c56fa-9fd8-4768-924f-cc778197a9c2_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>What Our Kids Should Study</strong></h3><p>If we accept that <strong>the near future will be a hybrid ecosystem where human intelligence and artificial intelligence coexist</strong>, then it&#8217;s obvious that <strong>education will have to transform as deeply as the economy and technology have</strong>. For decades, educational systems have been designed to prepare individuals capable of performing specific tasks inside relatively stable labor structures. But in a world where machines are taking on more and more operational functions, <strong>education has to reorient itself toward capabilities that let human beings understand, direct, and expand the technological systems now emerging</strong>.</p><p>One of the pillars of this transformation will be <strong>solid </strong><em><strong>AI</strong></em><strong> literacy</strong>. It&#8217;s not that every student has to become a specialized <em>machine learning</em> engineer or a data scientist. The broader challenge is <strong>understanding how intelligent systems work, what kinds of decisions they can make, and where their limits lie</strong>. Just as digital literacy became indispensable in the Internet era, in the coming decades <strong>grasping the logic of algorithms and machine-learning models will be part of the basic knowledge of any educated citizen</strong>.</p><p>This understanding will unlock something more important than mere technical skill. It will make it possible to <strong>interact critically with the machines</strong>, to design more useful tools, and to keep automated systems from becoming black boxes that most of society can&#8217;t comprehend.</p><p>A second inevitable educational pillar will be <em><strong>philosophy</strong></em> and <em><strong>applied ethics</strong></em>. As automated systems take part in decisions tied to the economy, medicine, justice, or public administration, <strong>moral questions will stop being academic debates and become practical problems of social design</strong>. How should intelligent systems behave in situations of conflict? How are the gains of automation distributed? How do we protect human autonomy in an environment increasingly mediated by algorithms?</p><p>Faced with these questions, <strong>philosophy stops being an abstract exercise</strong> and turns into <strong>a strategic discipline for governing technological societies</strong>. Understanding ethics, political theory, and the philosophy of knowledge will let us shape individuals capable of designing institutions that weave together technology and social responsibility.</p><p>A third fundamental component will be <strong>the deliberate development of </strong><em><strong>creativity and emotional intelligence</strong></em>. Machines are demonstrating an enormous capacity to process information, but they still struggle to fully grasp human contexts, cultural narratives, and the emotional complexity that defines societies. For that reason, <strong>creative and emotional capabilities shouldn&#8217;t be treated as educational extras, but as strategic assets in the economy of the future</strong>.</p><p>The <em>arts</em>, <em>music</em>, <em>theater</em>, <em>literature</em>, and <em>visual storytelling</em> work as genuine laboratories of human imagination. That&#8217;s where you train skills like symbolic interpretation, the construction of meaning, and the ability to connect seemingly unrelated ideas. In an economy where information is abundant, <strong>the ability to imagine new combinations of knowledge takes on extraordinary value</strong>.</p><p>Alongside these humanistic dimensions, it will also be crucial to <strong>strengthen applied technical training</strong>. The next generation will live side by side with robotic systems, automated infrastructure, and complex technological environments. That&#8217;s why educational programs that integrate <em>mechanics, electronics, mathematics, physics, bioelectronics, bioengineering, biomechanics, and AI</em> will produce professionals able to work directly with the physical technologies that will shape the economy of the future.</p><p>This kind of training won&#8217;t be confined to traditional academic labs. <strong>Technology workshops, digital-fabrication environments, and hands-on learning programs</strong> will become essential spaces for developing skills that blend technical thinking with real-world problem-solving.</p><p>Finally, <strong>the education of the future will inevitably lean toward </strong><em><strong>interdisciplinarity, and toward the skills for cross-cutting thinking (T-shaped knowledge)</strong></em>. The great innovations rarely come from a single field of knowledge. They arise when different disciplines meet and mix. Biology meets robotics to create new forms of <em>bioengineering</em>. Art crosses with technology to produce <em>immersive experiences</em>. Psychology integrates with design to build <em>more intuitive human interfaces</em>.</p><p>In this new educational paradigm, <strong>students won&#8217;t be trained solely as isolated specialists</strong>, but as <strong>integrators capable of connecting diverse knowledge to solve complex problems</strong>.</p><p>Preparing our kids for this future doesn&#8217;t mean pinning down a rigid list of professions. It means <strong>equipping them with a flexible intellectual architecture</strong>, one that can evolve as the world changes. Because in an era where intelligence becomes abundant, <strong>the true human advantage will lie in the capacity to keep learning, reinterpreting, and continually creating new forms of knowledge</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZSj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZSj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZSj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZSj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZSj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZSj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZSj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZSj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZSj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZSj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50028473-7bb9-4e36-bdf1-a2fc59a03a3f_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>A Balanced Vision of the Future</strong></h3><p>When we analyze large-scale technological transformations, it&#8217;s common to find narratives dominated by risk. Every great innovation has stirred up similar fears &#8212; job loss, economic collapse, the dehumanization of society. And yet, <strong>culture is the great filter that always points us toward social reinvention</strong>.</p><p>Every industrial revolution began with uncertainty. Mechanization transformed farm work, electrification reorganized cities, and digitization radically altered the information economy. But in every case, <strong>the transition periods ended up generating new forms of prosperity, new professions, and new social capabilities</strong>.</p><p>The arrival of <em>AI</em> should be understood within that same historical frame. This isn&#8217;t a technological anomaly; it&#8217;s <strong>a new stage in the evolution of the tools that amplify human capability</strong>. Managed with institutional intelligence, this technology could unlock <strong>levels of productivity that until recently belonged to the realm of economic speculation</strong>.</p><p>Intelligent automation has the potential to meaningfully cut the time people spend on repetitive or highly structured tasks. In that scenario, <strong>a considerable share of human energy could shift toward activities dominated by creativity, scientific research, cultural exploration, and social innovation</strong>. What we perceive today as disruption could, over time, become an expansion of the space for human action.</p><p>But for that transition to unfold in a balanced way, <strong>the central challenge won&#8217;t be technological &#8212; it&#8217;ll be organizational</strong>. Societies will have to develop new ways of distributing the gains from automation while, at the same time, ensuring their educational systems evolve at the pace of technological change. In other words, technical progress on its own doesn&#8217;t guarantee collective prosperity. <strong>The way we organize our institutions will determine the final outcome of this transformation.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!08wh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!08wh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!08wh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!08wh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!08wh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!08wh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!08wh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!08wh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!08wh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!08wh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9644638-d575-4a98-ab45-8bb0003064ac_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The Challenge Isn&#8217;t AI &#8212; It&#8217;s Our Imagination</strong></h3><p>Every technological revolution produces two great cultural narratives. On one side, a narrative of fear appears, imagining a future where machines end up displacing human beings. On the other, a narrative of construction emerges, one that reads technology as <strong>an extension of our cognitive, creative, and productive capabilities</strong>.</p><p>Historical experience suggests that <strong>the second narrative tends to win out over time</strong>. The printing press didn&#8217;t eliminate human thought; <strong>it multiplied the circulation of ideas</strong>. Electricity didn&#8217;t replace human labor; <strong>it radically expanded industrial and urban productivity</strong>. The Internet didn&#8217;t shrink cultural creativity; <strong>it opened up an entirely new space for expression, collaboration, and global knowledge</strong>. <em>AI</em> will most likely follow a similar path.</p><p>It&#8217;s true that some professions will be transformed, it&#8217;s true that certain economic models will have to adapt, and it&#8217;s true that <strong>the value of human work will evolve into new forms</strong>. But these transformations don&#8217;t represent the end of human relevance. Rather, they represent <strong>a historic opportunity to redefine what kind of intelligence we want to cultivate as a civilization</strong>.</p><p>For far too long, educational systems focused on training individuals to repeat processes, memorize information, or execute highly structured tasks. That model answered the needs of an industrial economy where <strong>operational efficiency was the main organizing value</strong>.</p><h5>The world now beginning to emerge is different!</h5><p>In the era of <em>abundant intelligence</em>, <strong>the human advantage won&#8217;t lie in processing information faster than a machine</strong>. That contest no longer makes any sense. The real human differentiator will be <strong>the capacity to imagine new possibilities, integrate diverse fields of knowledge, interpret complex contexts, and build meaning inside dynamic social systems</strong>.</p><p>It will be the ability to connect seemingly distant disciplines, it will be the capacity to understand complex systems, it will be the talent for creating cultural narratives that steer technological development, and it will be, above all, <strong>the capacity to design institutions that harness technology without losing the deeply human dimension of society</strong>.</p><p>Our kids won&#8217;t grow up in a world where they have to compete against AI. <strong>They&#8217;ll grow up in a world where they live alongside it</strong> &#8212; and that simple fact completely changes the rules of the game.</p><p>The leaders of the next generation won&#8217;t necessarily be the ones who accumulate the most information. They&#8217;ll be the ones who <strong>learn to ask the right questions in an environment where the technical answers can be generated in seconds</strong>. They won&#8217;t be the ones who memorize formulas, but the ones who understand how to combine <em>technology, creativity, and ethics</em> to design systems that work at human scale.</p><p>Because <strong>the real revolution doesn&#8217;t happen inside the algorithms</strong>. The real revolution happens <strong>in the way we choose to educate, organize, and project our society into the future</strong>.</p><p>That&#8217;s why the most important question is no longer whether AI will transform the world. That transformation is already underway &#8212; it&#8217;s imminent.</p><p>The truly decisive question is another one:</p><p><strong>Will we be capable of preparing the next generation to lead this transformation with intelligence, imagination, and purpose?</strong></p><p>I&#8217;ll leave the question open&#8230;</p><h4><strong>&#8220;Innovation is rarely about inventing something completely new; it almost always comes from learning to combine what already exists. Machines may multiply intelligence, but only humans can give it direction. That&#8217;s why the future won&#8217;t belong to those who compete with artificial intelligence, but to those who know how to imagine new combinations to build what doesn&#8217;t yet exist.&#8221;</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQoZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F097b2644-0c57-4cdb-80ad-54716c9c0fb7_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>DISCLAIMER</strong></h2><p>This document is intended purely for <strong>informational, educational, and futures-analysis purposes</strong>. <strong>It does not constitute financial advice, an investment solicitation, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or take part in any instrument, company, project, or asset.</strong></p><p>If anyone uses the content of this material to request money, investments, or financial participation, <strong>treat it immediately as a possible scam</strong>.</p><p>Always protect your personal and financial information.</p><h3><strong>&#128302; Keep exploring FUTOPIX</strong></h3><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-porque-tus-hijos-necesitan">Why Your Kids Need to Learn to Invest</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-el-factor-friccion">The Friction Factor</a></p><p><a href="https://www.futopix.com/p/futopix-los-negocios-aburridos">The Boring Businesses</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El Hombre del Neolítico con WiFi | FUTOPIX]]></title><description><![CDATA[TOMA 48 | M&#225;s de Diez Mil A&#241;os Domesticando el Mundo para ser domesticados por un Algoritmo]]></description><link>https://www.futopix.com/p/el-hombre-del-neolitico-con-wifi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.futopix.com/p/el-hombre-del-neolitico-con-wifi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[FUTOPIX | Gabriel Bedoya]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 06 Sep 2026 10:02:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Br0o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7760fe7d-8d8a-40b5-820d-d9151e313d10_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>El D&#237;a que Inventamos el Futur&#237;smo</strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Hay una pregunta que ning&#250;n ejecutivo se atrever&#237;a a hacer en su primer d&#237;a de trabajo, y que sin embargo es la &#250;nica pregunta que ha mantenido viva a nuestra especie durante doscientos mil a&#241;os. Hoy se las voy a hacer. Para ello, vamos a sentar en una silla de la oficina a un hombre que lleva diez mil a&#241;os muerto, le vamos a dar un caf&#233; y vamos a dejar que nos mire. <strong>Porque la pregunta que motiva esta Toma es inquietante y hasta creo que es posible que este hombre del neol&#237;tico entienda mejor lo que nos est&#225; pasando en pleno 2026.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Les advierto desde ya, que lo que vamos a descubrir mirando hacia atr&#225;s, no es una condena, es un manual de instrucciones, que como de costumbre nunca le&#237;mos completo.</p><h5><strong><span>El Ejecutivo de la Edad de Piedra</span></strong></h5><p style="text-align: justify;">Hace un par de d&#237;as estuve leyendo un paper sobre <em>G&#246;bekli Tepe</em> que me dej&#243; medio loco, porque me devolvi&#243; en el tiempo. Dicho documento me llev&#243; de vuelta a mis d&#237;as como estudiante de antropolog&#237;a en la U de A. Para quienes dese&#225;bamos ostentar el t&#237;tulo de antrop&#243;logos, tomar varios cursos de arqueolog&#237;a era material de rigurosa obligatoriedad, por mis manos pasaron todo tipo de art&#237;culos, libros, fotocopias y dem&#225;s documentos con los que los autores analizaban la evidencia recogida en yacimientos arqueol&#243;gicos, y presentaban pruebas irrefutable de nuestros or&#237;genes como sociedad.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">En mi memoria registre lecturas que databan el origen de lo que hoy entendemos como cultura material a unos doce mil a&#241;os en el tiempo, por lo menos as&#237; lo dejan saber los ortodoxos de la teor&#237;a. Sin embargo, la evidencia encontrada en Turqu&#237;a niega tajantemente esa antig&#252;edad al poner material antr&#243;pico, es decir, intervenido por el hombre, mucho m&#225;s all&#225;. hay quienes se atreven a decir que podr&#237;amos estar hablando de hasta veinte mil a&#241;os como m&#237;nimo. Lo que no deja de ser sorprendente por que niega todo lo antes dicho por la ciencia aceptada. Hay incluso quienes hablan de que no somos la primera sociedad humana en el planeta, pero ese es un tema que hay que dejarle a los magos de Alien&#237;genas Ancestrales, &#191;aunque por que no? cualquier d&#237;a podr&#237;amos dar ese debate.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#191;Pero qu&#233; tiene de loco este corrimiento en los umbrales del tiempo, y qu&#233; infiernos tiene esto que ver con FUTOPIX, si aqu&#237; lo que nos gusta es hablamor del futuro y no del pasado? Pues tiene que ver&#8230; y mucho, porque como dice la muy trillada frase, que no tengo ni (NPI) idea de qui&#233;n es, <strong>el que desconoce su pasado terminar&#225; repiti&#233;ndolo.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Dicho esto, hoy quiero invitarlos a hacer un ejercicio que parece m&#225;s un asunto de Hollywood que un tema de futurismo. Imaginemos que tenemos la capacidad de construir una m&#225;quina del tiempo, y que en vez de transportarnos en ella a matar curiosidades del pasado, nuestra m&#225;quina tiene la capacidad de abducir personajes de cualquier &#233;poca para traerlos al presente.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">En este orden de ideas, vamos a imaginar que abducimos a un individuo representante de un grupo humano al que mal hemos llamado &#8220;cazadores-recolectores&#8221; del Neol&#237;tico. Nuestro ancestro aparecer&#237;a una ma&#241;ana en la oficina de nuestro laboratorio, y despu&#233;s de que le pase el estupor, nos disponemos a brindarle un caf&#233; en un vaso de papel. Nuestro cazador no viene vestido con una piel y arrastrando un garrote con p&#250;as puntiagudas, esa es una caricatura del cine. Por el contrario, sus ojos muestran una mirada pr&#225;ctica que sabe leer el clima, reconocer semillas, fabricar un refugio y mantener con vida a su grupo, sin internet, sin ChatGPT y sin YouTube.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Supongamos que podemos establecer comunicaci&#243;n con &#233;l a trav&#233;s del lenguaje, y lo invitamos a sentarse en una silla al frente de un escritorio donde se alojan tres pantallas. &#201;l nos mirar&#225; con sorpresa y, contra toda probabilidad, preguntar&#225; lo m&#225;s sensato que alguien haya preguntado en ese momento: <strong>&#191;D&#243;nde est&#225; la comida?</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Como nos creemos la c&#250;spide de la evoluci&#243;n, no faltar&#225; quien suelte una gran carcajada, porque partimos de asumir que estamos frente a un hombre primitivo. Pero ojo con eso, porque tendemos a reducir al hombre del Neol&#237;tico a un ser absolutamente b&#225;sico, por eso el concepto de cazador-recolector es tan odioso, por eso no me gusta, como a muchos otros antrop&#243;logos. Decir que solo se dedicaban a cazar y a recoger frutos o lo que se encontraran en el camino es una absoluta reducci&#243;n al absurdo, es como decir que hoy solo nos dedicamos a mirar el m&#243;vil, porque mucha gente pasa hasta doce horas mirando una pantalla.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>La revoluci&#243;n que vivimos en el per&#237;odo que llamamos el Neol&#237;tico, fue tan seria como la que estamos viviendo hoy, no lo digo por la velocidad, sino por la profundidad de los cambios.</strong> Para que tengamos una peque&#241;a idea, nuestros ancestros eran expertos en leer el clima, en seguir las migraciones animales, en entender las variaciones estacionales, en distinguir entre una planta comestible y una venenosa, y si a&#250;n algunos creen que eran tan bestias, hagan el ensayo de tratar de sobrevivir en el monte sin nada de nada, los reto a tratar de hacerlo siquiera una semana.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Pasar del nomad&#237;smo a asentarse en un territorio, aunque fuera de forma temporal, tuvo que tener inmensos desaf&#237;os. Hoy se ve como una pendejada de salvajes, pero aprender a sembrar, almacenar la cosecha, definir los campos de siembra, contar los periodos para germinar y esperar para recoger los frutos tiene mucha ciencia. La revoluci&#243;n del Neol&#237;tico no fue solamente descubrir la agricultura, fue fundar la nueva arquitectura de la sociedad.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Los primeros futuristas de los que tenemos consciencia no se dedicaron a escribir escenarios, ni a imaginar modelos. Por el contrario, <strong>el hombre del Neol&#237;tico fue el primer lector de se&#241;ales d&#233;biles de nuestra historia</strong>, porque entender cu&#225;l semilla funcionaba y cu&#225;l no requiri&#243; de mucha, pero mucha observaci&#243;n.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Sembrar exige una forma radicalmente distinta al nomad&#237;smo, una forma completamente distinta de imaginaci&#243;n. Primero hay que enterrar una semilla, un acto que pudieron haber copiado de los roedores, quienes esconden las semillas bajo la tierra para guardarlas o protegerlas de otras especies. Es al mismo tiempo un acto de profunda paciencia y de recia observaci&#243;n. Ver c&#243;mo una semilla brotaba debi&#243; haber sido el momento eureka m&#225;s inspirador que haya vivido humano alguno.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Con la germinaci&#243;n de una semilla naci&#243; el excedente, el calendario, el granero, la deuda, la propiedad, la herencia y hasta la ansiedad, todo un ecosistema. <strong>Con la agricultura naci&#243; el futurismo</strong>, porque ver crecer un grano, para transformarse en una planta, y una planta en frutos, para luego repetir el proceso, es el acto m&#225;s simple, pero a la vez m&#225;s hermoso, que nos ha regalado la naturaleza.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A pesar de que han pasado milenios, el cazador recolector transformado en agricultor del Neol&#237;tico tiene m&#225;s cosas en com&#250;n con el hombre moderno de las que nos imaginamos, as&#237; nos las demos de los chachos de la pel&#237;cula.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Un agricultor del Neol&#237;tico y un profesional contempor&#225;neo comparten m&#225;s gestos de los esperados. Mientras uno sembraba ma&#237;z, el otro invierte, aprende a manipular una IA o alimenta un modelo con el mismo objetivo: esperar que al finalizar el trimestre la semilla germine. <strong>Ambos viven de futuros diferidos.</strong> La diferencia es que el &#8220;salvaje&#8221; miraba al cielo para entender su riesgo, mientras nosotros abrimos un dashboard para leer una pila de indicadores, para a veces quedar m&#225;s inseguros y m&#225;s perdidos que nuestros antepasados.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Con estas comparaciones no pretendo romantizar el pasado, ni mucho menos. La prehistoria estaba llena de retos y peligros, la esperanza de vida de un humano estaba por debajo de los cuarenta a&#241;os, y la modernidad est&#225; plet&#243;rica de las conquistas extraordinarias que hemos logrado como especie. Eso se debe en parte a la gran capacidad de colaboraci&#243;n que tenemos como sociedad. Lo que hoy vemos como una conquista a veces banal est&#225; basado en lo que hemos heredado a trav&#233;s de los modelos de colaboraci&#243;n humana obtenidos por generaciones y generaciones.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La pregunta que hoy genera esta nueva Toma de FUTOPIX es: <strong>&#191;cu&#225;nto de nuestra mente sigue operando con el sistema operativo del Neol&#237;tico, aunque hoy sostengamos un tel&#233;fono capaz de acceder a pr&#225;cticamente todo el conocimiento humano?</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Entr&#233;mosle al tema para ver con qu&#233; nos encontramos.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J-Q6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F803816fd-45d6-4d13-82c6-78769e1ba09f_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong><span>De Domesticar Trigo a Domesticar Atenci&#243;n</span></strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Cuenta la leyenda que el ser humano domestic&#243; al trigo. Uno de mis futuristas preferidos, Yuval Noah Harari, argumenta que deber&#237;amos darle la vuelta al tema, es decir, que m&#225;s bien fue el trigo quien nos domestic&#243;, y puede ser que hasta tenga raz&#243;n. El nomad&#237;smo nos llev&#243; a muchos lugares y a consumir de lo que encontr&#225;ramos disponible en la naturaleza. Al llegar la agricultura, millones de seres humanos terminamos consumiendo unas pocas especies, sirviendo a unos pocos cultivos, removiendo malezas, moviendo grandes cantidades de agua y defendiendo las cosechas con la vida. Visto desde la perspectiva de las plantas seleccionadas fue un negocio hermoso, <strong>domesticarnos pudo ser lo mejor que les pudo haber pasado.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Si has le&#237;do otros FUTOPIX, sabr&#225;s que no escribo met&#225;foras por el simple hecho de elaborar modelos de explicaci&#243;n m&#225;s f&#225;ciles de comprender. Lo hago porque me gusta jugar con las figuras literarias, para despu&#233;s torcerles el pescuezo y entrar en los argumentos. Entonces digamos que si cambiamos el trigo por la plataforma, entenderemos que al usar Instagram, TikTok, Google o cualquier IA, estamos diciendo que cada sistema tambi&#233;n se reorganiza a s&#237; mismo para reproducirse. Estos no interact&#250;an en el vac&#237;o, por el contrario, necesitan datos, contextos, contenido, informaci&#243;n relevante. Mientras nosotros creemos que estamos cosechando informaci&#243;n, el sistema en paralelo cosecha nuestra atenci&#243;n. <strong>El dedo que se desliza por la pantalla es la hoz que corta el trigo</strong> de los cazadores recolectores transformados en agricultores, porque todo, absolutamente todo lo que hacemos, compite por atenci&#243;n. O dejen de darle atenci&#243;n a un cultivo para que vean lo que pasa.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Es aqu&#237; donde la antropolog&#237;a nos entrega sus m&#225;s profundas reflexiones. Los humanos no fabricamos herramientas de forma aislada, una punta de flecha no se reprodujo a partir de una piedra de obsidiana porque s&#237;. <strong>Los humanos construimos ecosistemas que luego nos reconstruyen</strong>, somos expertos en inventar cosas que luego nos reinventan a nosotros mismos, esa es la sabidur&#237;a que se esconde detr&#225;s de la cultura: todo artefacto cultural es a la vez un elemento reproductor del sistema.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">El arado no solo cambi&#243; la tierra, tambi&#233;n cambi&#243; nuestra espalda, el r&#233;gimen de propiedad, la divisi&#243;n del trabajo y la noci&#243;n de riqueza. El tel&#233;fono inteligente cambi&#243; la comunicaci&#243;n, pero tambi&#233;n la postura del cuello, la experiencia del aburrimiento, la memoria, el cortejo, la amistad y un largo etc&#233;tera. La magia y el reto de las se&#241;ales d&#233;biles est&#225; en lograr ver el sistema a trav&#233;s de sus fractales.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">En este espacio he insistido en que el futuro no es una l&#237;nea recta, es un abanico de posibilidades. Las tecnolog&#237;as per se no determinan el futuro, lo codifican, sirven como elemento para materializar supuestos. El granero codific&#243; la idea de que el valor pod&#237;a acumularse y protegerse. El algoritmo que recomienda codifica la idea de cu&#225;l podr&#237;a ser nuestro pr&#243;ximo deseo, &#161;infiere! El primero convirti&#243; alimento en poder, mientras que el segundo convierte nuestro comportamiento en predicciones.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">El problema de la modernidad no es que las plataformas sean malvadas, como algunos quieren sugerir. Tampoco es como para devolvernos a la caverna a comer tallos. <strong>El problema que hoy tenemos es que confundimos conveniencia con neutralidad.</strong> Cuando un algoritmo anticipa lo pr&#243;ximo que veremos, compraremos o escucharemos, comienza a ocupar el lugar que culturalmente ocuparon nuestros ancestros, quienes interpretaron las se&#241;ales invisibles y nos dictaron los significados que deber&#237;amos darle a la realidad. El asunto est&#225; en que el algoritmo conoce nuestros clics, y con frecuencia arma una versi&#243;n de nuestra identidad que no es del todo cierta.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">El nuevo agricultor del Neol&#237;tico negociaba con fuerzas que no controlaba: las lluvias, las plagas, la fertilidad del suelo. Nosotros hoy negociamos con sistemas igualmente opacos: rankings, modelos, mercados, ideolog&#237;as. Lo curioso es que a ambos nos tranquilizan los rituales. Mientras nuestros ancestros danzaban la danza de la lluvia, nosotros simplemente refrescamos la pantalla o actualizamos la bandeja de entrada. <strong>Ninguno de estos rituales garantiza la cosecha, pero en el fondo dejan la sensaci&#243;n de que estamos haciendo algo, lo que produce cierta sensaci&#243;n de alivio.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtsZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8eb3c05-f819-4c86-a8bd-fb4759e2b411_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtsZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8eb3c05-f819-4c86-a8bd-fb4759e2b411_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtsZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8eb3c05-f819-4c86-a8bd-fb4759e2b411_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtsZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8eb3c05-f819-4c86-a8bd-fb4759e2b411_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtsZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8eb3c05-f819-4c86-a8bd-fb4759e2b411_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtsZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8eb3c05-f819-4c86-a8bd-fb4759e2b411_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtsZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8eb3c05-f819-4c86-a8bd-fb4759e2b411_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtsZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8eb3c05-f819-4c86-a8bd-fb4759e2b411_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtsZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8eb3c05-f819-4c86-a8bd-fb4759e2b411_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XtsZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8eb3c05-f819-4c86-a8bd-fb4759e2b411_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong><span>El Granero, la Nube y la Invenci&#243;n del Futuro</span></strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Antes de que nos invent&#225;ramos el almacenamiento en graneros, buena parte de la riqueza que gener&#225;bamos ten&#237;a fecha de vencimiento. Las frutas se pudren, las presas se deb&#237;an compartir, y llevar demasiado peso encima convert&#237;a la abundancia en un problema. Esto me hizo recordar una entrevista que vi en el podcast de Joe Rogan, quien estaba conversando con un personaje que vivi&#243; cuarenta a&#241;os con una comunidad ind&#237;gena del Amazonas. Joe le pregunt&#243; por qu&#233; los ind&#237;genas no almacenaban la carne de caza que obten&#237;an en la selva&#8230; este le respondi&#243; diciendo que s&#237; la almacenaban&#8230; pero en la panza de otro hermano de la comunidad indigena &#161;Brillante!</p><p style="text-align: justify;">El almacenamiento cambi&#243; la ecuaci&#243;n social: las semillas pod&#237;an conservarse, contarse, intercambiarse y, sobre todo, vigilarse. Pero al aparecer el excedente tambi&#233;n aparecieron los administradores, los guardianes, los impuestos y las personas capaces de decir que una parte de la cosecha pertenec&#237;a a alguien que jam&#225;s hab&#237;a clavado un arado en la tierra.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Hoy la nube representa nuestro granero. En ella guardamos fotograf&#237;as, conversaciones, documentos, mapas, contrase&#241;as, movimientos y fragmentos de identidad. Pero toda memoria organizada produce autoridad, y quien define lo que puede recuperarse, quien controla el acceso, decide qu&#233; pasado sigue disponible. Por eso una ontolog&#237;a, entendida como la decisi&#243;n de documentar todo lo qu&#233; existe y c&#243;mo se relaciona con el sistema, nunca es un asunto puramente t&#233;cnico. <strong>Es la decision que convierte filosof&#237;a en arquitectura.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">En el Neol&#237;tico, contar sacos de grano ayud&#243; a empujar la escritura. Hoy contamos tokens, impresiones, leads, pasos, sue&#241;o profundo y pulsaciones. Tenemos m&#225;s m&#233;tricas que cualquier rey mesopot&#225;mico y, sin embargo, no necesariamente comprendemos mejor nuestra vida. La medici&#243;n ilumina, pero tambi&#233;n recorta. Hemos llegado a tal nivel de estupidez que <strong>aquello que no cabe en una celda de excel es culturalmente invisible.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7pqm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1589a739-27f7-464b-a3c1-b462008736a0_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7pqm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1589a739-27f7-464b-a3c1-b462008736a0_1672x941.png 424w, 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fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong><span>La Torcida de Pescuezo</span></strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Hasta aqu&#237; la met&#225;fora parece un lamento, ustedes saben que aqu&#237; no se consume pesimismo. As&#237; que ahora le torcemos el pescuezo, como lo promet&#237; al principio.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Volvamos a nuestro invitado, el hombre que pregunt&#243; d&#243;nde estaba la comida. Ese hombre y su gente hicieron algo que a nosotros nos cuesta much&#237;simo imaginar: <strong>tomaron la tecnolog&#237;a m&#225;s disruptiva de su &#233;poca, la agricultura, y en unos pocos milenios la convirtieron en civilizaci&#243;n.</strong> No le tuvieron miedo al granero, lo rodearon de reglas. No le tuvieron miedo al excedente, inventaron el intercambio, la fiesta de la cosecha, el templo, el calendario y la escritura para administrarlo. Cada vez que una herramienta amenaz&#243; con domesticarlos, dejaron que respondiera la cultura. Esa es la parte de la historia que casi nadie cuenta, porque es menos glamurosa.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">F&#237;jense en algo que a m&#237; como antrop&#243;logo me parece de lo m&#225;s hermoso. G&#246;bekli Tepe, el yacimiento con el que empez&#243; esta Toma, parece ser un templo. Sus pilares monumentales se levantaron, seg&#250;n la evidencia m&#225;s aceptada, <strong>antes de que existiera la agricultura plena en la regi&#243;n (o sea que los humanos de la &#233;poca vivieron en la liminalidad de la transici&#243;n del nomad&#237;smo a la agricultura.</strong> Es decir, primero construimos un lugar para reunirnos, para contar historias y para mirar juntos al cielo, y despu&#233;s, alrededor de ese lugar, aprendimos a sembrar. <strong>El significado vino antes que el excedente.</strong> La cultura no fue la consecuencia de la tecnolog&#237;a, fue la condici&#243;n para que la tecnolog&#237;a no nos devorara. Guarden esto, porque aqu&#237; esta el coraz&#243;n de esta Toma (a mi me gusta explicar con plastilina).</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora traigan esa l&#243;gica a la actualidad. Tenemos un granero &#8220;infinito&#8221; al que hemos llamado &#8220;la nube,&#8221; una hoz que se llama pulgar y un algoritmo que hace las veces de clerigo. Lo que todav&#237;a no hemos construido del todo es el templo, es decir, el espacio cultural donde decidimos juntos qu&#233; significa todo esto y qu&#233; reglas lo rodean. <strong>Pero esa no es una mala noticia, es la noticia m&#225;s emocionante del siglo, porque significa que el trabajo m&#225;s importante todav&#237;a est&#225; disponible.</strong> Nuestros ancestros tardaron milenios en escribir las reglas que gobernar&#237;an el granero. Nosotros tenemos la ventaja de saber, gracias a ellos, que esas reglas se pueden escribir.</p><h3><strong><span>El Sistema Operativo del Neol&#237;tico no es un Defecto, es la Ventaja del Sistema</span></strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Volvamos a la pregunta conla que abrimos la Toma. &#191;Cu&#225;nto de nuestra mente sigue operando con el sistema operativo del Neol&#237;tico? Mi respuesta es: casi toda, menos mal&#8230;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ese sistema operativo trae de f&#225;brica tres cosas que ning&#250;n algoritmo ha podido replicar. La primera es <strong>la paciencia productiva,</strong> la capacidad de enterrar una semilla hoy sabiendo que la cosecha llegar&#225; en un par de meses. Toda inversi&#243;n, todo aprendizaje, toda empresa y toda crianza corre sobre ese programa. La segunda es <strong>la lectura de se&#241;ales d&#233;biles en el mundo f&#237;sico,</strong> ese ojo entrenado para notar que el cielo cambi&#243; de color o que una planta creci&#243; donde no deb&#237;a, es exactamente la habilidad que distingue a un futurista de un comentarista. La tercera, la m&#225;s poderosa, es <strong>la colaboraci&#243;n con extra&#241;os,</strong> esa capacidad de coordinar a cientos de personas alrededor de una historia compartida, que como bien dice Harari es lo que nos permiti&#243; pasar de una bandada, a un pueblo de mil y de ah&#237; a la ciudad.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Los sistemas que hoy cosechan nuestra atenci&#243;n se alimentan justamente de las grietas de ese sistema operativo:</strong> la impaciencia, la distracci&#243;n y la soledad. Pero la soluci&#243;n nunca fue apagar la m&#225;quina. La soluci&#243;n, la misma que encontraron los del granero, es rodear la herramienta <strong>de cultura.</strong> Aqu&#237; va la parte buena de todo este cuento, por primera vez en la historia, <strong>las herramientas con las que nos domestican son al mismo tiempo las herramientas con las que podemos redomesticarlas.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Pi&#233;nsenlo desde otro punto de vista. Un modelo de IA es el primer artefacto humano capaz de leer m&#225;s se&#241;ales d&#233;biles que cualquier campesino del Neol&#237;tico, de recordar m&#225;s cosechas que cualquier granero y de coordinar a m&#225;s extra&#241;os que cualquier templo. Si el agricultor tuvo que esperar milenios a que la escritura le ayudara a administrar el excedente, <strong>nosotros ya tenemos la escritura del siglo XXI en el bolsillo.</strong> El asunto no es qui&#233;n domestica a qui&#233;n, el asunto es qui&#233;n escribe la ontolog&#237;a, qui&#233;n decide qu&#233; existe, qu&#233; se cuenta y qu&#233; se guarda. Esa decisi&#243;n, hoy, todav&#237;a est&#225; en tus manos.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!inlr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bcaec8e-c293-4664-bcbf-72499d67be0f_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!inlr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bcaec8e-c293-4664-bcbf-72499d67be0f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!inlr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bcaec8e-c293-4664-bcbf-72499d67be0f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!inlr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bcaec8e-c293-4664-bcbf-72499d67be0f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!inlr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bcaec8e-c293-4664-bcbf-72499d67be0f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!inlr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bcaec8e-c293-4664-bcbf-72499d67be0f_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!inlr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bcaec8e-c293-4664-bcbf-72499d67be0f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!inlr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bcaec8e-c293-4664-bcbf-72499d67be0f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!inlr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bcaec8e-c293-4664-bcbf-72499d67be0f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!inlr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bcaec8e-c293-4664-bcbf-72499d67be0f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong><span>Las Se&#241;ales D&#233;biles que Hay que Vigilar</span></strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Como ya saben, una de mis misiones en el mundo es inquietarlos para que aprendamos a observar, hay que saber qu&#233; vamos mirar. A continuaci&#243;n les dejo algunas se&#241;ales que deber&#237;amos estar rastreando, y todas apuntan hacia el mismo lugar: la aparici&#243;n del nuevo templo alrededor del nuevo granero.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>La primera es la portabilidad de la memoria.</strong> El d&#237;a que uno pueda llevarse su contexto, sus conversaciones y su historia de una plataforma a otra como quien se lleva sus semillas de un valle al siguiente, el granero dejar&#225; de ser una c&#225;rcel y volver&#225; a ser una despensa. Ya hay movimientos regulatorios y t&#233;cnicos en esa direcci&#243;n, y son de las noticias m&#225;s aburridas y m&#225;s importantes de la d&#233;cada.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>La segunda son las ontolog&#237;as abiertas.</strong> Cuando comunidades, ciudades y empresas empiecen a escribir sus propias definiciones de qu&#233; existe y c&#243;mo se relacionan sus partes, en lugar de aceptar las que traen las plataformas de f&#225;brica, estaremos viendo nacer los primeros templos digitales. Ojo con los proyectos de datos comunitarios, cooperativas de datos y protocolos de contexto, porque ah&#237; parece que est&#225; pasando algo.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>La tercera es la econom&#237;a de la atenci&#243;n regenerativa.</strong> Paremosle bolas al surgimiento productos que ganen dinero devolvi&#233;ndonos tiempo en lugar de quit&#225;rnoslo, algo as&#237; como la agricultura regenerativa aplicada a la mente. La primera plataforma que logre cobrar por dejarnos en paz, habr&#225; inventado la rotaci&#243;n de cultivos del siglo XXI.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>La cuarta es el regreso de los rituales f&#237;sicos con prop&#243;sito.</strong> Cuando ver que la gente vuelva a reunirse alrededor de mesas, huertas, talleres y fogatas deje de leerse como nostalgia y empiece a leerse como infraestructura, sabremos que el sistema operativo del Neol&#237;tico est&#225; recuperando el control del hardware.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>La quinta, la m&#225;s personal:</strong> el d&#237;a que un asistente de IA le pregunte a sus usuarios &#8220;&#191;d&#243;nde est&#225; la comida?&#8221;, es decir, cuando los sistemas empiecen a optimizar por nuestra supervivencia y bienestar real y no por nuestra permanencia en la pantalla, ese d&#237;a el algoritmo habr&#225; pasado de trigo tirano a semilla aliada.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Si alguna de estas cinco se mueve, ya saben lo que tienen que hacer, avisenme!!</p><h3><strong><span>Tarea para la Semana</span></strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Como siempre, va pa&#8217; todos. Esta semana hagan un ejercicio de Neol&#237;tico aplicado. Escojan una sola cosa en su vida que funcione como semilla, algo que sembraron hace tiempo y que todav&#237;a no ha dado fruto: un proyecto, una relaci&#243;n, un aprendizaje, un negocio. En vez de abrir el dashboard, en vez de refrescar la pantalla para ver si ya germin&#243;, salgan a mirarla con los ojos del agricultor. Preg&#250;ntense qu&#233; necesita esa semilla de verdad: agua, tiempo, sol, o simplemente que dejen de escarbar la tierra cada cinco minutos para ver si ya brot&#243;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora, la parte maluca. Identifiquen qu&#233; plataforma los tiene domesticados, yo ya se cual es la m&#237;a, creanme&#8230;  Cu&#225;l es tu trigo. No para que lo abandones, yo he peleado con la m&#237;a much&#237;simas veces,  pero no puedo apagarla, lo que no qiere decir que no pueda crearle reglas. Aunque sea una sola, un horario, un l&#237;mite, un lugar de la casa a donde no entra. <strong>Eso, exactamente eso, es lo que hicieron nuestros ancestros con el granero.</strong> Le pusieron una puerta y le pusieron un guardi&#225;n, nosotros somos el guardi&#225;n.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Hag&#225;monos entre todos la pregunta que hoy toca: <strong>&#191;Qu&#233; es lo que yo quiero cosechar? &#191;Qu&#233; estoy haciendo con mi atenci&#243;n para sembrarlo?</strong></p><h3><strong><span>Antes de Abrirme del Parche</span></strong></h3><p style="text-align: justify;">Nuestro invitado se termina el caf&#233;, mira las tres pantallas por &#250;ltima vez y hace la segunda pregunta m&#225;s sensata de la ma&#241;ana: &#191;y todo eso para qu&#233;?</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Nosotros, que estamos convencidos de que somos la c&#250;spide de la evoluci&#243;n, nos quedamos callados un momento.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Entonces se nos ocurre la &#250;nica respuesta que &#233;l entender&#237;a. Le decimos que esto es un granero. Que ah&#237; guardamos lo que sabemos, lo que somos y lo que queremos. Que todav&#237;a no hemos terminado de escribir las reglas, ni de nombrar al guardi&#225;n, ni de construir el templo alrededor. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#201;l, que vio a su gente pasar de la incertidumbre del monte a la primera cosecha, que estuvo ah&#237; cuando la semilla brot&#243;, sonr&#237;e. <strong>Porque &#233;l sabe algo que nosotros a veces olvidamos: que todas las herramientas que amenazaron con domesticarnos terminaron, cuando decidimos rodearlas de cultura.</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">El trigo nos domestic&#243; y respondimos con ciudades, el granero nos vigil&#243; y respondimos con la escritura. El algoritmo nos cosecha, y la respuesta ya la sabemos, porque llevamos diez mil a&#241;os practicando.</p><h3><strong>Tenemos el sistema operativo m&#225;s probado de la historia corriendo en el hardware m&#225;s poderoso jam&#225;s construido. Lo &#250;nico que falta es dejar de refrescar la pantalla y volver a mirar el cielo con la intenci&#243;n de sembrar.</strong></h3><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: justify;">PD: ya casi llegamos al primer a&#241;o de FUTOPIX, ha sido un viaje fascinante para mi (no se si para ustedes lo sea, pero para m&#237; ha sido de locos), ya se me hizo un h&#225;bito escribir esta cosa que no se ni como llamarla, simplemente FUTOPIX. Para celebrar este a&#241;o juntos estar&#233; publicando un primer libro, el cual se llamar&#225; FUTOPIX 1 (Luego les cuento m&#225;s).</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Nos leemos en la pr&#243;xima Toma. Si esta te movi&#243; el piso, comp&#225;rtela con ese amigo que lleva doce horas mirando una pantalla y todav&#237;a no ha preguntado d&#243;nde est&#225; la comida.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">FUTOPIX | Futurismo para gente despierta. Si llegaste hasta aqu&#237; y todav&#237;a no te has suscrito, hazlo: es gratis, es un clic, y sembrar algo peque&#241;o con la atenci&#243;n es la forma m&#225;s antigua que conocemos de inventar el futuro.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tNde!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2eed16d0-3ad3-4095-be65-9c15ed6fcf18_1536x1024.png 424w, 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